• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.235-236
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• 2012

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2000

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of seeding methods and rates on the growth characteristics, forage yield and nutritive value of sorghum X sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv. Pioneer 988) grown under application of animal manure in 1995. The application amount of animal manure were 40MT in cattle manure, 30MTha in swine and poultry manure. The methods and rates of seeding treated in this study were drill of 30kg, and broadcast of 30, 60 and 100kgha of seeding rates. The plant height was 180cm, 191cm and 204cm in cattle, swine and poultry manure, respectively. Plant height in the plot of drill was higher by about 15cm than those of broadcast plots. The dry matter(DM) yield was 7.73, 8.87 and 9.80MTha in cattle, swine and poultry manure, respectively. A significant higher forage yield was produced in the plot of drill, compared with broadcast(Pc0.05). DM yields in broadcast of 60kg and lOOkg of seeding rates were higher than that of 30kg of seeding rate of broadcast. However, no significant difference in forage yield was found between 60kg and IOOkg of seeding rates. The average DM yield was 11.16, 6.94, 8.26 and 8.83MTIha in drill(30kg), broadcast 30, 60 and 100kgIMT of seeding rates, respectively. The nutritive value of sorghum x sudangrass hybrid was very similar among treatments. The crude protein yields were 1,010kg in cattle manure, 1,180kg in swine manure, and 1,592kg in poultry manure. The protein yield was significantly high in the plot of drill. In conclusion, seeding by drill was recommended for forage production and protein yield of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid, and proper seeding rates were 30kg in drill and 60kg in broadcast. (Key words : Sorghumxsudangrass hybrid, Seeding rate, Seeding method, Forage yield, Nutritive value, Animal manure)

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2012

Seed size has been considered as an effective criteria for selection of the most vigorous seeds in sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench]. The smaller seeds were inferior to the larger sizes in emergence and grain yield. This study was conducted to determine germination rate, field emergence and vigor of sorghum for selection of high quality seed by different seed size. Sorghum cultivar of two (Hwanggeumchal and Tojong) were separated into five seed size proportion (<2.36, 2.80, 3.15, 3.35 and >3.55 mm diam.) according to seed size. The larger seed was more higher 1,000 seeds weight, seed density, carbohydrates and protein content. Total seed germination performing varied 92% at the largest size (>3.55 mm diam.) frequently inferior to slightly 67% at smaller seed (2.36 to 2.80 mm diam.) in the standard germination test. Seed size did have a significant effect on mean emergence time (MET) and maximum emergence rate index (ERI) and percentage of emergence. It should be noted that the results refer to MET of sorghum seeds ranging from 4.26 to 4.74 days. The relationship of seed size was not only to stand establishment but to grain yield. Yield was most affected by seed size and large seeds were superior to the smaller seed in 25~37% of the cases. Especially, yield was significant under 3.15 mm the beginning.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.399-407
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristic of the cooked rice added with glutinous and non-glutinous sorghum. The sorghum cultivars were Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. Hwanggeumchal, Nampungchal (glutinous), and Donganme (nonglutinous), and rice cultivar was Ilpum rice. The cooking properties and pasting characteristics of cooking rice adding with sorghum according to varieties and different addition rates evaluated. The cooking properties and pasting characteristics had significant changes with the varieties and different addition rates of sorghum. With increased addition rates of sorghum, the pasting temperature, peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and final viscosity were decreased. With increased addition rates of sorghum, the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents before and after cooked rice were increased. Total polyphenol contents of 30% addition rates before cooking rice with Hwanggeumchal, Nampungchal, and Donganme sorghum were 1,693.30, 1,890.98 and $2,386.11{\mu}g/g$ sample, whereas those after cooking rice with sorghum were 1,189.28, 1,190.42 and $1,397.87{\mu}g/g$ sample, respectively. The high level of DPPH radical scavenging activity before and after cooking rice with sorghum were 126.29 and 70.58 mg TE/100g sample in the Donganme in 30% addition rates. Also, ABTS radical scavenging activity was 135.56 and 83.12 mg TE/100g sample, respectively. The results of this study show that the addition of sorghum can make cooked rice improved antioxidant activity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2019

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), compared to traditional crops, has been evaluated as a useful crop with high adaptability to the environment and various uses, but cultivation has not expanded owing to a lack of related research and information in Korea. This study was conducted to estimate heading date in 'Chorong' sweet sorghum based on climate data of the last 30 years (1989 - 2018) from six regions (Jeonju, Buan, Jeongup, Imsil, Namwon, and Jangsu) in Jellabuk Province. In addition, we compared the growth and quality factors by sowing date (April 10, April 25, May 10, May 25, June 10, June 25, and July 10) in 2018. Days from sowing to heading (DSH) increased to 107, 96, 83, 70, 59, 64, and 65 days in order of the sowing dates, respectively, and the average was 77.7 days. The effective accumulated temperature for heading date was $1,120.3^{\circ}C$. The mean annual temperature was the highest in Jeonju, followed in descending order by Jeongup, Buan, Namwon, Imsil, and Jangsu. The DSH based on effective accumulated temperature gradually decreased in all sowing date treatments in the six regions during the last 30 years. DSH of the six regions showed a negative relationship with mean temperature (sowing date to heading date) and predicted DSH ($R^2=0.9987**$) calculated by mean temperature was explained with a probability of 89% of observed DSH in 2017 and 2018. At harvest, fresh stem weight and soluble solids content were higher in the April and July sowings, but sugar content was higher in the May 10 ($3.4Mg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) and May 25 ($3.1Mg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) sowings. Overall, the April and July sowings were of low quality and yield, and there is a risk of frost damage; thus, we found May sowings to be the most effective. Additionally, sowing dates must be considered in terms of proper harvest stage, harvesting target (juice or grain), cultivation altitude, and microclimate.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1992

This experiment was carrid out to determine the effect of cutting height and nitrogen level on dead stubble, tiller and branch new shoot dry matter yield and total dry matter of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid{Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench}.The main treatment was four cutting height(5cm, IOcm, 15cm, 20cm), and the sub treatment was three nitrogen level(l50kg, 250kg, 350kglha).The experiment was performed at the Collage of Natural Science of Kon-Kuk University at Chungju in 1988. 1. Plant length tends to increase in the high cutting height and high N level. Especially, the difference of plant height was significant in warm season. 2. The number of dead stubble after cutting was significantly(P

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1546-1553
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• 2012

In this study, sorghum teas were prepared from Sorghum bicolor L. Moench subjected to different types of milling (no milling (0%), minimum milling (5%), and milling (20%)) and pan-firing times (1 to 10 minutes), and its quality characteristics were investigated. With regards to milling type, total polyphenolic, flavonoid, tannin contents, and antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts from both no milling sorghum and its tea were highest, followed by minimum milling and milling in decreasing order. Crude nitrogen content was highest in milling sorghum and its tea regardless of pan-firing time. With regards to pan-firing time, total polyphenolic, flavonoid, tannin contents, and antioxidant activities of sorghum teas increased with increasing pan-firing time regardless of milling type. The highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were observed at a pan-firing time between 7 to 9 minutes. In contrast to ethanol extracts of pan-fried sorghum tea, antioxidant activities, chromaticity, and turbidity of hot water leaching liqueur of sorghum tea were highest in milling sorghum tea, followed by minimum milling and no milling sorghum tea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2016

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is one of the important aspects of economic production of sorghums in sustainable agriculture. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different N application rates and its split N application methods on productivity, growth characteristics, N accumulation, N use efficiency (NUE), and feed value of Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrids. Treatments consisted of five N application rates (0, 150, 200, 250, and $300kg\;ha^{-1}$) and two split N application methods (40% in basal N, 30% at the growing stage, and 30% after the first harvest vs. 50% in basal N and 50% after the first harvest). Plant height, leaf width, and stem diameter were increased ($p{\leq}0.05$) with increasing N fertility rates at each harvest. Chlorophyll content (expressed as SPAD values) was the highest at a rate of $300\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1)$ (first harvest, 46.32; second harvest, 33.09). It was the lowest at zero N (first harvest, 21.56; second harvest, 18.5). Total N, N uptake, and NUE were increased with higher N rates. Split N application had little effect on total N, amount of N uptake, or NUE. Total dry matter yields were the highest ($21,715\;kg\;ha^{-1}$) at a rate of $300\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$. It was the lowest ($10,054\;kg\;ha^{-1}$) at zero N. Our results suggest that more than $300\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ can improve dry matter yield to be above 116% compared to zero N, thus enhancing the agronomic characters of sorghums. However, no significant effect had been found for split N application. Further work is needed to determine the optimal N levels and the effect of split N application rates.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.206-206
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• 2017

Sorghum is a crop with a various plant height depending on the planting density. If the height exceeds 1.8m, which is the harvestable height of the combine, loss is caused by clogging of the installation, entrance of the threshing section and the threshing section. The purpose of this study is to set the planting distance and number of plants per hill suitable for combine harvesting as the plant length does not exceed 1.8m. The experimental variety was Nampungchal. The experiment design was a split-plot design with three replications. The treatments were as follow: Main-plot were 1 and 2 plants as number of plants per hill and sub-plots were $60{\times}20cm$ (practice), $70{\times}15$, 20, 25, 30 cm as planting distance. The amount of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilization were 100, 70, $80kg\;ha^{-1}$. Data were collected: (1) grain yield: weight of grain in $kg\;ha^{-1}$, (2) 1000 grain weight: average weight of 1000 grain, (3) plant height: distance from soil to top of panicle, (4) ear length: distance from top of stem to top of ear in cm, (5) stem diameter: diameter of second internode, (6) tiller number per hill. Analyses of variance were performed using R version 3.3.1(https://www. r- project. org). The Duncan's multiple range test(DMR) was used to separate treatment means at P < 0.05. As number of plants per hill increased, plant height and yield increased and tiller number decreased. As planting distance increased, plant height and yield decreased and tiller number increased. At 1 plant per hill, the plant height did not exceed 1.8m at all planting distance. At 2 plants per hill, the plant height did not exceed 1.8m from the planting distance of $70{\times}25cm$. At 1 plant per hill, the tiller number increased to 0.23, 0.27, 0.60 and 0.70 as the planting distance increased to $70{\times}15$, 20, 25 and 30 cm, respectively. At 2 plants per hill, the tiller number increased to 0.03, 0.03, 0.14 and 0.40 as the planting distance increased to $70{\times}15$, 20, 25 and 30 cm, respectively. At 1 plant per hill, the yield decreased to 6030, 4280, 3400 and $3230kg\;ha^{-1}$ as the planting distance increased. At 2 plant per hill, the yield decreased to 7850, 5770, 5720 and $4960kg\;ha^{-1}$ as the planting distance increased. We recommend that the optimum number of plants per hill and planting distance is 2 and $70{\times}25cm$ suitable for combine harvesting.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.357-368
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate soil inorganic N concentrations and N uptake efficiency of sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) as affected by organic nutrient sources from 2009 to 2011. The treatments included chemical fertilizer, compost, oilcake, alfalfa hay mulch, and control. Nutrient applications were made at rates equivalent to approximately 210 kg of actual N per hectare. The precipitation during the growth period from May to September was higher in 2011, followed by 2009, and 2010. Oilcake had the lowest C:N ratio in the raw materials. Compost treatment slowed N-mineralization rate in soil during the measured years. Soil mineral nutrition and dry matter production were not consistently affected by treatments, but the dry matter production was negatively correlated with the amount of precipitation from May to September for three years. Chemical fertilizer treatment increased N efficiency in plants in the first two years, observing with lower N efficiency in plants treated with compost for 3 years. Increased precipitation from June to August improved N efficiency in sudangrass plants treated with compost but reduced the efficiency with the chemical fertilizer. Total dry matter production and N efficiency in plants were not affected by the C:N ratio of the raw materials rather than weather condition.