• Title/Summary/Keyword: solvent-resistance

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Effects of Particle Size and High Pressure Process on the Extraction Yield of Oil Compounds from Soybean Powder Using Hexane and Supercritical Fluid (입자 크기와 초고압 처리에 따른 유기용매와 초임계 유체 추출법에서의 대두유 추출수율의 변화)

  • Yoon, Won-Byong
    • Food Engineering Progress
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.203-208
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    • 2011
  • Effects of particle size and high pressure processing on the extraction rate of oil compounds from soybean powder were evaluated by Soxhlet method using hexane and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using $CO_{2}$. SFE was carried out at 4,000 psi and $50^{\circ}C$ for 4 hr. The mean particle sizes were varied from 26.7 to 862.0 ${\mu}m$ by controlling milling time. Saturation solubility increased as the particle size decreased. At large particle size, high pressure processing (HPP) showed higher extraction yield in both hexane extraction and SFE, but, as the particle size decreased, the HPP was irrelevant to the extraction yield in SFE. The higher extraction rate obtained from the smaller particle size. The scanning electronic microscopy of soybean powder treated by HPP showed pores on the surface of the particle. The higher extraction rate and yield from HPP treatment might be due to the less internal resistance of transferring the solvent and miscellar in the solid matrix by collapsing of tissues.

Development of Low Irritative, Eco-friendly Nail Polish Including Shellac/gelatin (쉘락/젤라틴을 함유한 저자극·친환경 매니큐어의 개발)

  • Shim, Haeun;Noh, Daeyoung;Kim, Jimin;Kim, Doyeon;Nam, Myungsuk;Kim, Donguk
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.57 no.1
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    • pp.22-27
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    • 2019
  • Nail polish is used to decorate nail beautifully however, it contains lots of toxic materials. Generally, Nail polish consists of film-forming agent, colorant, solvent, surfactant and stabilizer. In this study, to replace toxic chemicals to low irritative, eco-friendly ingredients, we prepared 4 kinds of nail polish and tested safety, stability and performance. Nail polish including shellac/gelatin showed best performance in water-resistance, friability and drying time. When cell toxicity test is done by MTT assay, shellac-gelatin nail polish showed over 70% cell viability at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ whereas control nail polish in market showed 50% cell viability. At 4 weeks temperature stability test, color was stable at low temperature however it needs formulation improvement at higher temperature.

Exploration of shockwaves on polymeric membrane physical properties and performance

  • Lakshmi, D. Shanthana;Saxena, Mayank;Ekambaram, Shivakarthik;Sivaraman, Bhalamurugan
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.43-49
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    • 2021
  • The Commercial polymeric membranes like Polysulfone (PSF), Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) which are an integral part of water purification investigation were chosen for the shockwave (SW) exposure experiment. These membranes were prepared by blending polymer (wt. %) / DMF (solvent) followed by phase-inversion casting technique. Shockwaves are generated by using Reddy Tube lab module (Table-top Shocktube) with range of pressure (1.5, 2.5 and 5 bar). Understanding the changes in membrane before and after shock wave treatment by parameters, i.e., pure water flux (PWF), rejection (%), porosity, surface roughness (AFM), morphology (SEM) and contact angle which can significantly affect the membrane's performance. Flux values PSf membranes shows increase, 465 (pristine) to 524 (1.5wt%) LMH at 50 Psi pressure and similar enhancement was observed at 100Psi (625 to 696 LMH). Porosity also shows improvement from 73.6% to 76.84% for 15wt% PSf membranes. It was observed that membranes made of polymers such as PAN and PSF (of high w/w %) exhibits some resistance against shockwaves impact and are stable compared to other membranes. Shockwave pressure of up to 1.5 bar was sufficient enough to change properties which are crucial for performance. Membranes exposed to a maximum pressure of 5 bar completely scratched the surface and with minimum pressure of 1.5bar is optimum enough to improve the water flux and other parameters. Initial results proved that SW may be suitable alternative route to minimize/control membrane fouling and improve efficiency.

Effects of Mixing Ratio and Poling on Output Characteristics of BaTiO3-Poly Vinylidene Fluoride Composite Piezoelectric Generators (BaTiO3-Poly Vinylidene Fluoride 복합 압전발전기의 출력특성에 미치는 배합비와 분극의 효과)

  • Hee-Tae Kim;Sang-Shik Park
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.33 no.12
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    • pp.517-524
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    • 2023
  • BaTiO3-Poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) solution was prepared by adding 0~25 wt% BaTiO3 nanopowder and 10 wt% PVDF powder in solvent. BaTiO3-PVDF film was fabricated by spreading the solution on a glass with a doctor blade. The output performance increased with increasing BaTiO3 concentration. When the BaTiO3 concentration was 20 wt%, the output voltage and current were 4.98 V and 1.03 ㎂ at an applied force of 100 N. However, they decreased when the over 20 wt% BaTiO3 powder was added, due to the aggregation of particles. To enhance the output performance, the generator was poled with an electric field of 150~250 kV/cm at 100 ℃ for 12 h. The output performance increased with increasing electric field. The output voltage and current were 7.87 V and 2.5 ㎂ when poled with a 200 kV/cm electric field. This result seems likely to be caused by the c-axis alignment of the BaTiO3 after poling treatment. XRD patterns of the poled BaTiO3-PVDF films showed that the intensity of the (002) peak increased under high electric field. However, when the generator was poled with 250 kV/cm, the output performance of the generator degraded due to breakdown of the BaTiO3-PVDF film. When the generator was matched with 800 Ω resistance, the power density of the generator reached 1.74 mW/m2. The generator was able to charge a 10 ㎌ capacitor up to 1.11 V and turn on 10 red LEDs.

Antidiabetic Effect of Standardized Chrysanthemum rubellum Hydroethanolic Extract by Targeting α-Glucosidase and the PTP-1B Signaling Pathway for Alleviating Diabetes in Experimental Model

  • Bichitrananda Tripathy;Nityananda Sahoo;Sudhir Kumar Sahoo
    • Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.319-326
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: The study's goal was to find out whether Chrysanthemum rubellum extract has anti-diabetic properties by concentrating on α-glucosidase and the PTP-1B signaling pathway. C. rubellum flowers were used for extraction using Methanol/water (80/20) as solvent. Methods: LC-MS techniques was used to check the presence of phytoconstituents present in C. rubellum extract. In vitro antidiabetic activity was evaluated using α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and PTP-1B signaling pathway. On Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rats with diabetes, the in vivo antidiabetic efficacy was assessed using a test for oral glucose tolerance. Results: The phytoconstituents identified in the extract of C. rubellum were apigenin, diosmin, myricetin, luteolin, luteolin-7-glucoside, and Quercitrin as compound 1-6, respectively. Results showed that diosmin exhibited highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity i.e. 90.39%. The protein level of PTP-1B was lowered and the insulin signalling activity was directly increased by compounds 1-6. The maximum blood glucose levels were seen in all groups' OGTT findings at 30 minutes following glucose delivery, followed by gradual drops. In comparison to the control group, the extract's glucose levels were 141 mg/dL at 30 minutes before falling to 104 mg/dL after 120 minutes. The current study has demonstrated, in summary, that extract with phytoconstituents reduce blood sugar levels in rats. Conclusion: This finding suggests that extract may reduce the chance of insulin resistance and shield against disorders like hyperglycemia.

Fabrication of Porous Cellulose Acetate Propionate/Polybutylene Succinate Microfibers by High Speed Centrifugal Spinning (초고속 원심방사에 의한 아세트산프로피온산 셀룰로오스/폴리부틸렌 숙시네이트 다공성 마이크론 섬유 제조)

  • Tae Young Kim;Mi Kyung Kim;Jinsoo Kim;Jungeon Lee;Jae Hoon Jung;Youngkwon Kim;Tae Hyeon Kim;Ki Young Kim;Jeong Hyun Yeum
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.239-245
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    • 2023
  • Cellulose is an abundant biodegradable material in nature with excellent properties, but due to its poor processability, it has been widely studied for processing through modification. Cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) is a cellulose derivative in which the hydroxyl group of cellulose is replaced by acetyl and propionyl groups. CAP has several advantages, such as excellent solubility, structural stability, light and weather resistance, and good transparency. Porous nanofibers with excellent specific surface area, which can be applied in various fields, can be easily formed by the phase separation method using highly volatile solvents. High speed centrifugal spinning is a nano/micro fiber preparation method with advantages such as fast spinning and easy alignment control. In this study, a CAP/polybutylene succinate (PBS) spinning solution with chloroform as solvent was prepared to prepare porous microfibers and the fiber morphology was examined as a function of the disk rotation speed in an high speed centrifugal spinning device.

Development of Uniform Ag Electrode and Heating Sensors Using Inkjet Printing Technology (잉크젯 프린팅 기술을 이용한 Ag 전극 균일성 및 발열 센서 연구)

  • Gun Woong Kim;Jaebum Jeong;Jin Ho Park;Woo Jin Jeong;Jun Young Kim
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.24-29
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    • 2024
  • Inkjet printing technology is used to mass-produce displays and electrochemical sensors by dropping tens of pico-liters or less of specific-purpose ink through nozzles, just as ink is sprayed and printed on paper. Unlike the deposition method for vaporizing material in a vacuum, inkjet printing technology can be used for processing even under general atmospheric pressure and has a cost advantage because the material is dissolved in a solvent and used in the form of ink. In addition, because it can only be printed on the desired part, masks are not required. However, a technical shortcoming is the difficulty for commercialization, such as uniformity for forming the thickness and coffee ring effect. As sizes of devices decrease, the need to print electrodes with precision, thinness, and uniformity increases. In this study, we improved the printing and processing conditions to form a homogeneous electrode using Ag ink (DGP-45LT-15C) and applied this for patterning to fabricate a heat sensor. Upon the application of voltage to the heat sensor, the model with an extended width exhibited superior heat performance. However, in terms of sheet resistance, the model yielded an equivalent value of 21.6 Ω/□ compared to the ITO.

Study on the Physical Properties and Characteristics of Adhesives for Woodcraft (목공예용 천연 및 합성 접착제의 특성 연구)

  • Kim, Seong Eun;Lee, Jin Kyung;Lee, Chae Hoon;Chung, Yong Jae
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.35 no.6
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    • pp.681-688
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    • 2019
  • In this study, the characteristics of natural and synthetic adhesives used in woodcraft were evaluated. The pattern of deterioration of wood and adhesives according to changes in temperature and humidity were compared. For materials, one type of anlmal glue, three kinds of polyvinyl acetate adhesives, one type of epoxy adhesive and one type of zelkova wood were selected. Characteristics of physical and chemical characteristics, weather resistance and drying speed assessment were carried out. The adhesion characteristic evaluation showed that the adhesion strength of anlmal glue and one type of polyvinyl acetate adhesive were 6.54 N/㎟ and 7.01 N/㎟, pH meter of anlmal glue and polyvinyl acetate adhesives was pH 7.03 and pH 3.32-3.59 which were range of available as an adhesive. According to the test results of weather resistance, epoxy adhesives had the highest decreasing value in adhesion strength after deterioration. In the reversible test of the adhesive, it was found to be highly reversible in NaOH, a soluble solvent excluding epoxy, but attention is required when using the wood since it may show discoloration during processing.

Anti-diabetic activities of catalpol in db/db mice

  • Bao, Qinwen;Shen, Xiaozhu;Qian, Li;Gong, Chen;Nie, Maoxiao;Dong, Yan
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.153-160
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    • 2016
  • The objective was to investigate the hypoglycemic action of catalpol in spontaneous diabetes db/db mice. 40 db/db mice were randomly divided into five groups: model control gourp; db/db plus catalpol 40, 80, 120 mg/kg body wt. groups and db/db plus metformin 250 mg/kg group. Age-matched db/m mice were selected as normal control group. The mice were administered with corresponding drugs or solvent by gavage for 4 weeks. The oral glucose tolerance test was carried out at the end of $3^{rd}$ week. After 4 weeks of treatment, the concentrations of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated serum protein (GSP), insulin (INS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and adiponection (APN) in serum were detected. The protein expressions of phosphorylation-$AMPK{\alpha}$1/2 in liver, phosphorylation-$AMPK{\alpha}$1/2 and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues were detected by western blot. Real time RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and Hydroxymethyl glutaric acid acyl CoA reductase (HMGCR) in liver. Our results showed that catalpol could significantly improve the insulin resistance, decrease the serum concentrations of INS, GSP, TG, and TC. The concentrations of APN in serum, the protein expression of phosphorylation-$AMPK{\alpha}$1/2 in liver, phosphorylation-$AMPK{\alpha}$1/2 and GLUT-4 in peripheral tissue were increased. Catalpol could also down regulate the mRNA expressions of ACC and HMGCR in liver. In conclusion, catalpol ameliorates diabetes in db/db mice. It has benefit effects against lipid/glucose metabolism disorder and insulin resistance. The mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expression of phosphorylation-$AMPK{\alpha}$1/2.

Physical Properties of High-Solid Coatings with Acrylic Resins Containing Acetoacetoxy Group and Allophanate-Trimer (Acetoacetoxy기 함유 아크릴수지와 Allophanate-Trimer에 의한 하이솔리드 도료의 도막물성)

  • Jo Hye-Jin;Shim Il-Woo;Park Hong-Soo;Kim Seung-Jin;Kim Seong-Kil
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.230-237
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    • 2006
  • Copolymers(HSA-98-20, HSA-98-0, HSA-98+20) which we acrylic resin containing 80% solid content were synthesized by the reaction of monomers, including methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate with a functional monomer, acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate (AAEM), which nay give improvements in cross-linking density and physical properties of films. The physical properties of prepared acrylic resins, containing AAEM, are as follows viscosities, $1420\sim5760cps$ ; number average molecular weight, $2080\sim2300g/mol$; polydispersity index, $2.07\sim2.19$ ; and conversions, $88\sim93%$. In the next step, high-solid coatings (HSA-98-20C, HSA-98-0C, HSA-98+20C) were prepared by the curing reaction between acrylic resins containing 80% solid content and isocyanate at room temperature. Various properties were examined on the film coated with the prepared high-solid coatings. The introduction of AAEM to the coatings enhanced the abrasion resistance and solvent resistance, which indicated the possible use of high- solid coatings for top-coating materials of automobile. Since the curing by viscoelastic measurement occurred in sequence of HSA-98+20C > HSA-98-0C > HSA-98-20C, it was concluded that the curing rates became faster with incresing $T_g$ values.