• IE interfaces
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.374-384
• /
• 2001

The objective of this paper is to design the dynamic route guidance system(DRGS) and develop a genetic algorithm(GA) for finding the multiple shortest paths in real traffic network. The proposed GA finds a collection of paths between source and destination considering turn-restrictions, U-turn, and P-turn that are genetically evolved until an acceptable solution is reached. This paper also shows the procedure to find the multiple shortest paths in traffic network of Seoul.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.255-270
• /
• 2003

The main goal of this study is to find the role of landmarks in route communication process and to explore the describability of landmarks, a linguistic factor of landmarks that was not noted frequently by previous wayfinding studies. Through analysis of landmarks in this study, the describability of landmarks was identified and this study hypothesized that the describability affects to the whole process of route communication. A virtual reality (VR) simulation test was conducted to examine the effect of the describability of landmarks in route communication. The independent variable was the describability of landmarks and landmarks. As dependent variables, the total time to find final destination and the number of errors were measured. Results showed that the describability of landmarks gives positive effect to the whole of route communication processes. Consequently, this study provides the solution of wayfinding problems in route communication and suggests the usage of landmarks as a prerequisite for planning spaces having the efficiency of wayfinding.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.64-73
• /
• 2004

This paper addresses a problem of machining determination of input quantity in a multi-stage flexible flow system with non-identical parallel machines considers a subcontracting, machining restraint, and machine yield. We develop a nonlinear programing with the objective of minimizing the sum of in-house processing cost and subcontracting cost. To solve this model, we introduce a single-processor parallel genetic algorithm(SPGA) to improve a weak point for the declined robustness of simple algorithm(SGA). The efficiency of the SPGA is examined in comparison with the SGA for the same problem. In of examination the SPGA is to provide the excellent solution than the solution of the SGA.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.153-168
• /
• 1994

This paper is concerned with the development of tree-search algorithm for the exact solution to the vehicle problem (VRP), where set of vehicles of known capacity based at depot, have to be routed in order to supply customers with known requirements. When is required is to design routes, so that the total cost (i. e. total route length or time duration, ect.) is minimized. For obtianing the exact solution, the most important factors are the value of bound and branching strategy. Using the bound based on with bound ascent procedures from subgradient and state-space ascents, the incorporation of bounds into tree search algorithm to solve the problem is shown. Computational results of the corresponding algorithm show that VRPs with up to 40 customers can be solved optimally with this algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
• /
• 2006.09a
• /
• pp.75-76
• /
• 2006

New PM route via bulk mechanical alloying is developed to fabricate the solid solution semi-conductive materials with $Mg_2Si_{1-x}Ge_x$ and $Mg_2Si_{1-y}Sn_y$ for 0 < x, y < 1 and to investigate their thermoelectric materials. Since $Mg_2Si$ is n-type and both $Mg_2Ge$ and $Mg_2Sn$ are p-type, pn-transition takes place at the specified range of germanium content, x, and tin content, y. Through optimization of chemical composition, solid-solution type thermoelectric semi-conductive materials are designed both for n-and p-type materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
• /
• 2006.09a
• /
• pp.440-441
• /
• 2006

Several titanate powders ($Al_2TiO_5,\;SrTiO_3$, etc.) were synthesized by an ethylene glycol solution route. Titanium isopropoxide and nitrate salts were dissolved in stoichiometric proportions in liquid-type ethylene glycol without any precipitation. The parent precursor sols were dried to porous gels, and then the gels were calcined and crystallized. All synthesized titanate powders had stable crystallization behavior at low temperature and high specific surface area after a simple ball-milling process. A three-component PZT $(Pb(Zr_{0.52}{\cdot}Ti_{0.48})O_3)$ powder was also synthesized successfully by the ethylene glycol method. In this study, the characteristics of the multi-component titanate powders by the ethylene glycol method are examined.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2024

The subject of navigation has drawn a large interest in the last few years. The navigation within a city is to find the path between two points, source location and destination location. In many cities, solving the routing problem is very essential as to find the route between different locations (starting location (source) and an ending location (destination)) in a fast and efficient way. This paper considers streets with diagonal streets. Such streets pose a problem in determining the directions of the route to be followed. The paper presents a solution for the path planning using the reconfigurable mesh (R-Mesh). R-Mesh is a parallel platform that has very fast solutions to many problems and can be deployed in moving vehicles and moving robots. This paper presents a solution that is very fast in computing the routes.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.08a
• /
• pp.379-382
• /
• 2006

In this study, an attempt was made to form magnesium oxide layer via aqueous solution route of salt precipitation process. A layer with flake morphology was formed from the process and various dopants were added during the forming process. The films formed were characterized using SEM, XRD, and cathodoluminescence measurement. In addition, the discharge characteristics were evaluated using panel tests. The results indicate that MgO film can be formed via the aqueous solution process successfully, of which characteristics are comparable to those of MgO film formed by e-beam evaporation process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.196.2-196
• /
• 2003

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.282-288
• /
• 2013

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are widely used in a variety of products and cosmetic products including paper, paints, plastics and sunscreen. However, information on the safety of ZnONPs are not enough and many publications suggest possible toxic effects on environmental and human health. Furthermore, physico-chemical characteristics of nanoparticles makes it hard to test toxicity using the test guidelines of chemicals adopted by regulatory bodies. In this study, stability of ZnONPs was investigated using different types of isotonic solution, which is important in the toxicity study of intravenous route. Precipitation, aggregation, size, zeta potential and morphology of ZnONPs were evaluated with different times and concentrations. Precipitation of ZnONPs were observed in ionic isotonic solution including phosphate-buffered saline, Kreb's-Ringer solution, physiological salt solution and cell culture media of DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) with 10% fetal bovine serum. On the other hand, they were stable without precipitation in non-ionic isotonic solution such as 5% glucose and 2% glycerol, respectively, which are biocompatible for intravenous injection. The average size of ZnONPs in 5% glucose and 2% glycerol was stably maintained, which is less than 30 nm and very similar as that in water dispersion of ZnONPs, provided by the manufacturer. The stability was maintained during the experimental period of 5 days and diluted state up to 15,000 ppm. These data suggest that 5% glucose and 2% glycerol solution can be used for the vehicles of ZnONPs in the toxicity study of intravenous injection route.