• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2007

Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs, EC 2.5.1.18), glyoxalase-I(EC 4.4.1.5) and alliin lyase(alliinase, EC 4.4.1.4) are important enzyme systems in plant bodies. The first two are mainly detoxifying enzymes that utilize glutathione(GSH) in the defense mechanism, and the last one is mainly involved in secondary metabolism and relevant to sulfur compounds derived from GSH. The activities of the three enzymes have been investigated in soluble extracts of vegetable crops, including pumpkin, cabbage, broccoli, radish, carrot, potato, sweet potato, mungbean, and onion. GST activities were detected in all of the vegetables, and the extract of onion bulb exhibited the highest specific activity(648 nmol/min/mgP). The putative GSTs of most of the vegetables were found to be induced by ethanol. The activities of GSTs in onion bulb were found to be markedly inhibited by S-hexyl glutathione and were also inhibited by S-butyl glutathione and S-propyl glutathione. The anti-CmGSTF1 antiserum recognized a thick band for putative onion GST. The estimated glyoxalase-I activity level was also high in onion bulb(4540 nmol/min/mgP), indicating that the thick band detected by Western blot analysis might result from partial recognition of glyoxalase-I by the antiserum. The specific activities for glyoxalase-I were moderate in radish and carrot, and the extracts of other vegetables had rather low levels of activities. The extract of onion also showed the highest specific activity level for alliinase(2069nmol pyruvate/mgP). The extracts of other vegetables also had alliinase activities, although the estimated values were much lower than that of onion.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.807-817
• /
• 2016

Many onion growers and researchers assert that differences in soil type, agricultural practices, weather, and duration of prolonged onion cultivation in a particular field could affect onion bulb quality. This study evaluates the bulb quality of onions grown in different regions and determines the correlations between bulb characteristics and postharvest loss during cold and ambient storage. Soil and onion bulbs were collected from fields in six onion growing regions in Korea, during the growing season of 2011-2012. The fresh weight, dry matter content, and carbon (C), sulfur and magnesium contents of the onion bulbs were significantly affected by the location in which they were grown. Bulbs grown in Muan had the greatest number of scales, thinnest scale thickness, and the highest total soluble solids (TSS) and total flavonoids (TF). Bulbs originating from Jecheon had the lowest pyruvic acid (PA), total phenolics and TF. Storage loss of bulbs from the different regions was similar in refrigerated storage, but differed in ambient temperature storage. Bulb fresh weight was positively correlated with scale thickness (r = 0.617) and cold storage loss (CSL; r = 0.398). Dry matter content was positively correlated with C (r = 0.958) and TF (r = 0.256) contents, while it was negatively correlated with CSL (r = -0.424). CSL was primarily affected by the fresh weight, as well as the dry matter, C, and PA contents of the bulbs, while ambient storage loss was primarily influenced by the amount of TSS.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제7권6호
• /
• pp.1115-1124
• /
• 1996

MCL(Molten Caustic Leaching) 처리는 알카리에 의해 황성분 및 회분을 제거할 수 있도록 유용하게 개발된 화학적 정제공정이며, Si, Fe, V, Ni 등과 같은 무기물을 수용성염으로 전환을 시켜 제거한다. 그리고 MCL은 다른 탈황 공정보다도 탄소손실을 최소로할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서 황성분 및 회분제거에 대한 반응변수로는 침출온도, 침출시간, NaOH/cokes 비율, 산세정 농도와 세정 시간 그리고 입자크기 등이었다. 최적의 조건에서 MCL 처리를 한 결과 황성분과 회분은 각각 99%와 90%가 제거되었으며, 이때 FT-IR과 SEM의 결과에서 petroleum cokes 입자의 구조 및 표면변화는 침출온도 및 황성분과 회분의 제거율에 밀접한 관계를 나타내었다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제35권11호
• /
• pp.1297-1308
• /
• 2011

This research investigates the application of ZnO (zinc oxide) nanoparticles and $TiO_2$ (titanium dioxide) nanoparticles to polypropylene nonwoven fabrics via an electrospinning technique for the development of textile materials that can decompose harmful gases. To fabricate uniform ZnO nanocomposite fibers, two types of ZnO nanoparticles were applied. Colloidal $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were chosen to fabricate $TiO_2$ nano- composite fibers. ZnO/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and $TiO_2$/PVA nanocomposite fibers were electrospun under a variety of conditions that include various feed rates, electric voltages, and capillary diameters. The morphology of electrospun nanocomposite fibers was examined with a field-emission scanning electron micro- scope and a transmission electron microscope. Decomposition efficiency of gaseous materials (formaldehyde, ammonia, toluene, benzene, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide) by nanocomposite fiber webs with 3wt% nano-particles (ZnO or $TiO_2$) and 7$g/m^2$ web area density was assessed. This study shows that ZnO nanoparticles in colloid were more suitable for fabricating nanocomposite fibers in which nanoparticles are evenly dispersed than in powder. A heat treatment was applied to water-soluble PVA nanofiber webs in order to stabilize the electrospun nanocomposite fibrous structure against dissolution in water. ZnO/PVA and $TiO_2$/PVA nanofiber webs exhibited a range of degradation efficiency for different types of gases. For nitrogen dioxide, the degradation efficiency was 92.2% for ZnO nanocomposite fiber web and 87% for $TiO_2$ nanocomposite fiber web after 20 hours of UV light irradiation. The results indicate that ZnO/PVA and $TiO_2$/PVA nano- composite fiber webs have possible uses in functional textiles that can decompose harmful gases.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2015

In this study, we determined the ingredient analysis of harvested garlic bulb and soil analysis of four garlic-cultivated regions in Jeju, being one of the major areas of Namdo garlic production. Soil pH and electric conductivity were 7.02 and 1.03 dS/m, respectively. Soil organic matter was 4.31%. The mineral elements (potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc) of Namdo garlic cultivated soil were analyzed by ICP, and calcium was the most highly contained mineral with $14.67cmol_+/kg$ and in the decreasing order of magnesium ($2.25cmol_+/kg$), potassium ($1.51cmol_+/kg$). Soluble solid and total acidity were 7.60 oBrix and 0.49%, respectively. The mineral contents of garlic bulb were in order of potassium (12,728 ppm) > sulfur (7,778 ppm) > phosphorus (4,916 ppm) > magnesium (691 ppm) > calcium (359 ppm). The content of total phenolic, total flavonoid and reducing sugar were 71.14 mg GAE/100 g, 17.64 mg QE/100 g and 26.53 mg GE/g, respectively. Alliin and allicin were 8.78 mg/g and 2.10 mg/g, respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between mineral contents of soil and garlic bulb are analyzed. Macronutrients of soil is correlated with macronutrients of garlic (positive) and micronutrients of garlic (negative) contents.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.811-821
• /
• 2018

This study focused on the improvement of blueberry delivery service using pre-cooled ice and $SO_2$ pads to prevent an increase in the fruit temperature as well as decay. To maintain the fruit quality during low temperature storage, the effect of a $SO_2$ pad and modified atmosphere packaging was also examined. Harvested blueberries were precooled at $15^{\circ}C$, sorted, and packaged. And the fruits were placed in a similar environment as that for the parcel service. Part of the fruits were stored at $0^{\circ}C$ for long term storage. The air temperature in the delivery box increased along with an increase in the simulated delivery time regardless of the treatment. However, the rate of temperature increase was lower in the ice pad treatment. No significant difference was not found after 48 h. The oxygen concentration in the box ranged between 10.5 - 14.5% in the ice pad treatment, which was higher than that of the untreated control (7.5 - 11.9%) whereas the $CO_2$ concentration was lower in the ice pad treatment. No differences were found in the occurrence of off-flavor, decay, and sensory quality loss during the 48 hours of the parcel service simulation. The combined treatment of the $SO_2$ pad and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) using a perforated film increased the shelf-life of the blueberry fruits, the overall quality such as firmness, and the soluble solid content was not different between the treatments except for the decay incidence. No decayed fruit was found in the combined treatment. However, the percentage of decayed fruit in the control was 25% on day 15 of storage and 75% on day 33 of storage, respectively.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.403-412
• /
• 1990

단백질 및 지방질의 주요한 공급원인 콩은 오래전부터 다양한 용도로 우리의 식생활에 이용되어 왔으며 앞으로도 안정적인 단백질 공급원을 위해서는 양질 고단백 콩 신품종 육성에 많은 노력을 기울여야 한다. 따라서 콩 단백질의 특성에 관한 연구내용들을 정리한 바 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있었다.1. 콩 종실 부위중 배아와 자엽은 전체 콩 종실무게의 2.4%와 90.3%를 차지하며 단백질도 건물중으로 40%이상 함유되어 있는 영양적으로 중요한 부분이 된다. 2. 콩 종실 단백질의 대부분은 Globulin이 차지한다. 3. 콩 종실 단백질의 Amino산 조성은 Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid, Arginin의 순으로 다량 함유되어 있으며 Cystine, Methionine, Thyrosine이 적게 함유되어 있다. 4. 콩 종실의 주요 단백질 분획은 7S와 11S로 되어 있으며 11S가 7S보다 함류황 Amino산 함유량이 많다. 5. 콩의 가용성 단백질 함량이 높을수록 두부의 수율도 증가했으며 이들의 상관계수는 0.96을 보였다.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2012

친환경유기농자재로 등록되어 있는 농자재 중에서 무기염류, 오일류, 식물추출물, 그리고 키토산 등 총 20종을 선발하여 고추 역병과 탄저병에 대한 방제 효과를 조사하였다. 무기물류 중에서 수산화동은 배지상에서 역병균과 탄저병균의 생육을 모두 억제하였고, 아인산은 역병균의 생육만을, 그리고 황/생석회는 탄저병균의 생육만을 억제하였다. 식물정유, 로즈마리오일, 채종유, 그리고 매실/은행 추출물 역시 두 종류 식물병원균의 생장을 억제하였다. 고추 유묘를 이용한 역병 방제효과 검정에서는 4엽기의 유묘보다는 6엽기의 유묘에서 유기농자재의 효과가 효과가 우수하였다. 특히 수산화동, 황/생석회, 수용성칼슘, 아인산, 식물정유, 정향추출물 등이 80% 이상의 예방 효과를 보였다. 하지만 실험에 사용한 모든 유기농자재는 역병에 대해서 치료효과를 보이지 않았다. 열매를 이용한 탄저병에 대한 효과 검정에서도 대부분의 유기농자재는 치료 효과보다는 예방 효과가 우수하였다. 병원균을 무상처 접종하였을 때, 50% 이상의 효과를 보였던 수산화동, 황/생석회, 황산동/생석회, 과망간산칼륨, 식물정유, 채종유, 소리쟁이 추출물, 스테비아 추출물, 키토산 등은 병원균을 상처 접종할 경우 그 효과가 감소하여, 황/생석회, 채종유, 소리쟁이 추출물, 스테비아추출물 등에서만 79.9, 78.1, 66.6, 58.6%의 예방효과가 나타났다. 실험에 사용한 20종의 자재 중에서 수산화동에서만 병원균을 무상처 접종하였을 때, 75.6%의 치료효과를 보였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.819-825
• /
• 1995

고안토시아닌을 함유한 자색고구마의 식량자원으로서의 활용도를 높히고자 엷은 황색고구마와 동시에 영양성분을 분석하였다. 자색고구마의 일반성분 중 단백질 함량이 2.01%, 무질소물이 25.73%였으며, 조지방이 0.25%로 엷은 황색 고구마보다 높았다. 총아미노산의 구성은 2품종 모두 aspartic acid, serine, alanine 및 valine이 주성분이었으며, 자색고구마일 경우 함유황 아미노산이 제1제한 아미노산이었다. 지방산의 조성은 2품종 모두 palmitic acid, linoleic acid가 80% 이상으로 주종을 이루었으며, 불포화지방산 함량이 포화지방산 함량보다 더 높았다. 2품종의 고구마 모두 탄수화물 함량은 75%이상이었고 자색고구마의 중성당 함량은 67.22%로 이중 대부분은 glucose였다. 그리고 uronic acid는 11.88%, starch 59.42%였으며, 특히 자색고구마의 유리당은 엷은 황색고구마의 1/3 정도로서 고구마 고유의 단맛이 적었다. 비타민 $B_1$, 비타민 $B_2$ niacin 함량은 2품종 모두 큰 차이는 없었으나 비타민 C의 함량은 자색고구마가 63.4mg%, 엷은 황색고구마가 48.7mg%였다. 다음 무기질 구성원소로는 자색고구마일 경우 K, Mg, Ca, Na 등이 주성분이었고, 그외 Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Al 등이 확인되었다. 총식이섬유는 자색고구마가 13.43%로서, 이중 수용성식이섬유가 7.74%, 불용성식이섬유는 5.69%였으며 또 엷은 황색 고구마는 총식이섬유 함량이 9.79%로 수용성, 불용성 식이섬유 함량이 비슷하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.135-151
• /
• 1982

This investigation was carried out to clarify the changes of pigments and soluble protein, and photosystem II activity in the leaves of barley (${SO}_2$-sensitive) and corn (${SO}_2$-resistant) seedlings induced by the ${SO}_2$ fumigation (10, 50ppm). The pH changes of the leaf extract, the content of sulfite and sulfate, the activities of catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase were compared in the leaves of barley and corn seedlings induced by ${SO}_2$ fumigation. The results are summarized as follows: An appreciable effect of pH change of leaf extract by ${SO}_2$ fumigation was observed in barley leaves (pH 6.10 to 5.18), but only a small change occurred in corn leaves (pH 5.66 to 5.50). The same pattern of pH changes was recorded when the solution of 0.2N HCl was added to leaf extract, providing lower buffering capacity of the barley leaves than corn leaves. After 2 hours of exposure to 10 ppm ${SO}_2$, the contents of ${SO}^{2-}_3$ and ${SO}^{2-}_4$ were increased in barley leaves, while only ${SO}^{2-}_4$ increased in corn leaves. After fumigation with 10ppm ${SO}_2$ for 2 hours, barley leaves showed significant decreases in activities of catalase, to 17% peroxidase, to 58%, and polyphenoloxidase, to 88%. Corn leaves showed increases in activities of peroxidase, to 136%, and polyphenoloxidase, to 128%. Absorption spectra of pigments obtained from ${SO}_2$-fumigated leaves were gradually decreased with the fumigation time increases, but the decrease was more significant in barley leaves. Fumigation with 50ppm ${SO}_2$ for 2 hours induced the greatest decomposition in carotenoid, followed by chlorophyll a and then chlorophyll b in barley leaves. The ratio of chlorophyll a/b was decreased from 4.1 to 3.6 in barley leaves, but in corn leaves it was maintained almost a constant level(4.9-4.8). The rate of decomposition of chlorophyll and carotenoid in corn leaves was very slow than those in the barley leaves. Fumigation with 50 ppm ${SO}_2$ for 2 hous, decreased the protein content of barley leaves to 59%, and that of corn leaves to 89%, and the extent of decrease in protein content was greater than that of pigments in barley and corn leaves. The rate of DCIP9dichlorophenol indophenol) photoreduction in ${SO}_2$-fumigated leaves was decreased to 18 and 67% in barley and corn leaves, respectively. However, DCIP photoreduction was considerably recovered about 32 and 92% with the addition of DPC(diphenylcarbazide) as an exogenous electron donor in barley and corn leaves, respectively.