• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.561-570
• /
• 1998

The MLR(Multiple Linear Regression) models to estimate soluble solids content non-destructively were presented to make a selection of optimal photosensor utilized to measure the soluble solids content of apples. Visible and NIR absorbance in the 400 to 2498 nanometer(nm) wavelength region, soluble solids content(sugar content), hardness, and weight were measured for 400 apples(gala). Spectrophotometer with fiber optic probe was utilized for spectrum measurement and digital refractometer was used for soluble solids content. Correlation between absorbance spectrum and soluble solids content was analyzed to pick out the optimal wavelengths and to develop corresponding prediction model by means of MLR. For the coefficient of determination($R^2$) to be over 0.92, the MLR models out of the original absorbance were built based on 7 wavelengths of 992, 904, 1096, 1032, 880, 824, 1048nm, and the ones of the second derivative absorbance based on 5 wavelengths of 784, 1056, 992, 808, 872nm. The best model of the second derivative absorbance spectrum had $R^2$=0.91, bias= -0.02bx, SEP=0.28bx for unknown samples.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.571-582
• /
• 1998

The PLS(Partial Least Square) and ANN(Artificial Neural Network) were introduced to develop the soluble solids content prediction model of apples which is followed by making a subsequent selection of photosensor. For the optimal PLS model, number of factors needed for spectrum analysis were increased until the convergence of prediction residual error sum of squares. Analysis has shown that even part of the overall wavelength with no pretreatment may turn out better performing. The best PLS model was found in the 800 to 1,100nm wavelength region without pretreatment of second derivation, having $R^2$=0.9236, bias= -0.0198bx, SEP=0.2527bx for unknown samples. On the other hand, for the ANN model the second derivation led to higher performance. On partial range of 800 to 1,100nm wavelengh region, prediction model with second derivation for unknown samples reached $R^2$=0.9177, SEP=0.2903bx in contrast to $R^2$=0.7507, SEP =0.4622bx without pretreatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.257-264
• /
• 2011

Recycling of industrial products as the stabilizers can be proper handling of industrial products and has positive side in terms of recycling of wastes. In this study, the final aims were to evaluate the usability as stabilizer of Bio-solids which was generated from contaminated soil with heavy metals after primary process and to compare the treatment efficiency with slag being currently applied in many existing sites. Soluble and exchangeable forms have closely related to pollution of groundwater and plant growth and they can be used to determine the effect of the stabilization efficiency. Slag and Bio-solids were tested to investigate the capacity of stabilizing arsenic. Slag treatment process 4 (PS-ball 5%) showed higher leachate concentration rather to 0.84% compared to treatment 1 (blank) based on an average of 0.63%. The other hand treatment 4 (Bio-solids 5%) showed the lowest soluble and exchangeable forms to 0.57% when Bio-solids was applied to stabilize arsenic. Thus, the leaching of arsenic will be more reduced if the Bio-solids are used as stabilizer in stead of slag which is being currently used in many fields.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.337-353
• /
• 2017

Membrane fouling at different solids retention times (SRT) (7, 12 and 20 days) was studied under well-controlled conditions in a laboratory-scale aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor under constant biomass concentration using a synthetic high strength wastewater. An increase in SRT was found to improve membrane performance and this correlated to changes in the total production of bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and the composition and properties of bound EPS using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and floc sizes. A larger amount of total bound EPS was found at the lowest SRT (7 days) tested but the ratio of proteins (PN) to carbohydrates (CH) in bound EPS increased with an increase in SRT. Similarly, the quantity of soluble microbial products (SMP) decreased with an increase in SRT and the SMP PN/CH ratio increased with an increase in SRT. SMP concentrations positively correlated to the percentage of membrane pore blocking resistance. The quantity of total bound EPS and total SMP positively corresponded to the membrane fouling rate, while the PN/CH ratio in the bound EPS and SMP negatively correlated to the membrane fouling rate. The results show that both the quantity and composition of bound EPS and SMP and floc sizes are important in controlling membrane fouling.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.215-225
• /
• 2017

Kiwifruit is prone to damage by frost in the harvest season and the occurrence of postharvest diseases. Accordingly, new cultivars overcoming these disadvantages have been developed. Compared to existing cultivars, studies on diseases in new cultivars are very limited. Thus, goal of this study was investigation of fungal infection occurrences in new cultivars. Kiwifruit was harvested in 2014 and 2015 year, respectively. In both years, cvs. Goldone and Redvita showed more resistance against fungal infection but cv. Gamrok was more sensitive compared with cv. Hayward. Major fungi were identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp., Alternaria alternata and Nigrospora sp. Firmness and soluble solids content were also influenced by the occurrences. This study's findings are important for providing practical information on new cultivars in the kiwifruit industry.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.278-284
• /
• 1990

A study relating the soluble-solids (S.S.) contents of Chinese cabbages to the final titratable acidities(TA) of kimchis was conducted. The S.S. contents of Spring-sowed Chinese cabbages were in the range from $1.20-3.40^{\circ}$ Brix while those of Autumn-sowed Chinese cabbages were in the range from $3.8-6.6^{\circ}$ Brix. The S.S. contents of Chinese cabbages were varing depending on their varieties and the cultivating seasons. However, seasonal variations were much more significant than the varietal variations. The final TAs of kimchis after complete fermentation were found to be directly proportional to the S.S. contents(x) of Chinese cabbages, showing that TA equals to 0.30x+07779. From the equation, a Chinese cabbage of a S.S. content with up to $0.02^{\circ}$ Brix, which is practically impossible to obtain, will make a kimchi which will not be overacidified during the prolonged storage period without any preservative measures.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2021

The effect of homogenization treatment on the suspension stability of makgeolli was evaluated. The non-soluble solids of makgeolli that were not homogenized were precipitated at 1.0-68 mm after 10 minutes of standing and 2.0-70.5 mm after 30 minutes of standing. On the other hand, in the makgeolli homogenized with a blender for more than 20 seconds, no precipitated non-soluble solids were observed during the initial 10 minutes, and when it was left still for 30 minutes, it showed precipitation of 2.0 mm (control 58.0 mm). The makgeolli treated with a high-pressure homogenizer did not show any sedimentation until 30 minutes of standing. In the sensory evaluation, the high-pressure homogenized makgeolli had a score of 3.93, whereas non-treated had a score of 2.80, which was improved by 40% by homogenization.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2008

For the development of mulberry wine, we investigated its optimum fermentation conditions as well as quality changes during fermentation. The physicochemical characteristics of the mulberry fruit used in the study were pH 4.56, 0.50% titratable acidity, and 13.0 $^{circ}Brix$ soluble solids. The mulberry wine fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCCM 12224 (Sc-24) at 24 $^{circ}Brix$ soluble solids and $26^{circ}C$ showed excellent characteristics in terms of ethanol production, titratable acidity, and redness. The sucrose, fructose, and glucose contents of the mulberry wine drastically decreased with fermentation time. The citric acid content was maintained during the fermentation period, and malic acid decreased, but lactic and succinic acids increased. The cyanidin-3-glucoside content, a major anthocyanin pigment, of the mulberry wine drastically decreased from 195.5 mg% at the initial stage of fermentation to 15.37 mg% at 2 days of fermentation. However, cyanidin-3-rutinoside decreased gradually. In summary, a mulberry wine of high quality was made by fermentation for 8 days at $26^{\circ}C$ using mashed mulberry fruit containing $24^{\circ}Brix$ soluble solids, after adding 200 ppm $K_2S_2O_5$ and inoculating with 3%(v/v) Sc-24.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.463-467
• /
• 2015

As consumers are aware of their health and are more conscious of environmental conditions, there is an increasing demand for agri-foods obtained from organic agricultural practices. The present study aimed to investigate the physicochemical quality characteristics of blueberries. The weight, length, moisture contents, color (Hunter L, a, b), soluble solids contents, pH, and acidity were measured for their quality characteristics. In addition, ABTS radical scavenging activity was analyzed for antioxidant activities of organically and conventionally grown blueberries. Organically grown blueberries showed a greater weight, soluble solid contents, and pH than conventionally grown ones. Especially, organically grown blueberries showed significantly (p<0.05) higher weight and pH. Moisture contents of organically and conventionally grown blueberries were similar. L and b values of organically grown blueberries were higher than those of conventionally grown blueberries. ABTS radical scavenging activities of organically grown blueberries (36.4%) were higher than those of conventionally grown ones (36.4%), but the difference was not significant. Further studies are recommended to evaluate other differences between organically and conventionally grown blueberries.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.168-172
• /
• 1986

The swelling and hydration properties of Korean red ginseng tails and yield of total solids in extract were studied during extraction with ethanol solution having a concentration of 0-90% at $60-100^{\circ}C$. Extraction was carried out 5 times which was taken 8 hours per each time of extraction. The swelling, hydration and total solids yield were increased as the ethanol concentration decreased and as the extraction temperature raised. The cumulative value of solids yield suggested that three times of extractions with water or 70% ethanol were effective to recover more than 84%. Linear regression analysis on the properties investigated and extraction conditions showed a linear logarithmic relationship .