• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.361-369
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of anorexia and neuropathic pain induced by cisplatin on hindlimb muscles of rats. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, a cisplatin-treated group (n=10) and a control group (n=10). In the cisplatin-treated group, cisplatin at a dose of 2 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally two times a week up to a cumulative dose of 20 mg/kg over 5 weeks, and in the control group saline (0.9% NaCl) was injected intraperitoneally at the same dose and duration as the cisplatin-treated group. At 34 days all rats were anesthetized, after which the soleus and plantaris muscles were dissected. Withdrawal threshold, body weight, food intake, activity, muscle weight, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas and myofibrillar protein content of the dissected muscles were determined. Results: Compared with the control group, the cisplatin-treated group showed significant decreases (p<.05) in withdrawal threshold, activity, food intake, body weight, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas, myofibrillar protein content and weight of the soleus and plantaris muscles. Conclusion: Muscular atrophy in hindlimb occurs due to anorexia and neuropathic pain induced by the cisplatin treatment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.393-400
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of unilateral sciatic nerve injury on unaffected hindlimb muscles of rats. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of three groups: control(C) group(n=10) that had no procedures, sham(S) group(n=10) that underwent sham left sciatic nerve transection, and sciatic nerve transection(SNT) group(n=9) that underwent left sciatic nerve transection. At 15 days rats were anesthetized, and the soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected. Results: Muscle weight of the unaffected plantaris muscle in the SNT group was significantly lower than in the other two groups. Type II fiber cross-sectional areas of the unaffected plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles in the SNT group were significantly smaller than in the other two groups. The decrease of muscle weights and Type I, II fiber cross-sectional areas of the unaffected three muscles in the SNT group were significantly less than that of the affected three muscles. Conclusion: Hindlimb muscle atrophy occurs in the unaffected side after unilateral sciatic nerve injury, with changes in the plantaris and gastrocnemius muscle being more apparent than changes in the soleus muscle. These results have implications for nursing care, in the need to assess degree of muscle atrophy in unaffected muscles as well as affected muscles.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.211-216
• /
• 2011

To study the effects of ethanol extract of the Rhodiola Sachalinensis on the anti-oxidation and blood pressure and skeletal muscles contractility in rats. The ethanol extracts and fractions of Rhodiola Sachalinensis were determinated the anti-oxidation effects by DPPH(1,1-dipenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method and comparing with the BHA (Butylated hydroxyanisole) and AA(Ascorbic acid). The gastrocnemius and soleus muscle contractility were observed by stimulating the sciatic nerve with electricity after affusing stomach with ethanol extract of the 200 mg/kg dosage of Rhodiola Sachalinensis for 4 weeks. The ethanol extract of the Rhodiola Sachalinensis could shorten latent period, increase maximal contractive extent and time and relaxative time at the twitch and complete tetanus of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. The ethanol extract of the Rhodiola Sachalinensis shows high anti-oxidation effect and can enhance skeletal muscles contractility in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.497-503
• /
• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of triceps surae activation during heel raise test in standing among knee flexion angles($0^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$). METHODS: Twenty healthy individuals performed unilateral plantarflexion in standing with $0^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$ knee flexion. Activity of medial gastrocnemius(MG), lateral gastrocnemius(LG), soleus(Sol) was recorded with surface electromyography(EMG). RESULT: The muscle activations induced the four different positions were compared and results showed that was significant difference MG and LG while the angle increase from $0^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$ but Sol did not show significant differences in every angle. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that $30^{\circ}C$ knee flexion is required to induce a significant mechanical disadvantage of gastrocnemius.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.550-555
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) on glucose and lipids metabolism in high-fat diet rate. Rats were randomly assigned to normal, high-fat with n-3 PUFA and high-fat dietary groups. Experiments were carried out after 5 weeks feeding with prescriptive diets following 7 hrs fasting. Body weight gains tended to be higher in high-fat fed rats than normal. Blood glucose was increased (p<0.05) by high-fat diet compared with normal diet, and decreaseed (p<0.05) to normal level by n-3 PUFA. Plasma insulin level was significcantly higher (p<0.01) in high-fat diet rats than that of normal-diet rats, and also decreased (p<0.01) by n-3 PUFA. Glucose up take of soleus muscle in vitro was decreased markedly in high-fat fed rats than normal diet rats at 0, 1, 10, and 100nM insulin concentration. Therefore insulin sensitivity and responsiveness were decreased by high-fat diet. Omega-3 PUFA made a recover(p<0.01) insulin sensitivity to almost normal level, and improved (p<0.05) insulin responsiveness in some extent. In conclusion, the results suggest that metabolic disorder of glucose and insulin resistance of skeletal muscle are caused by high-fat diet and n-3 PUFA can ameliorate metabolic disorder and insulin resistance.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.34 no.7
• /
• pp.748-753
• /
• 2001

This study is to investigate the effects of capsaicin with high-fat diet on tissue glycogen contents in exercise-trained rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were offered a high-fat diet for 2 wks in individual cages and were exercise-trained by a animal treadmill running throughout the experimental period. After 2 wks of the prefeeding with high-fat diet, the rats were divided into two group: high-fat diet group(CON)and high-fat diet + capsaicin(0.014%) group(CAP). The rats were killed by decapitation at 10 hr(rest), 1 hr and 2 hr after treadmill running(27m/min, 6$^{\circ}$). Body weight and epididymal adipose tissure weight were significantly lower in CAP than in CON, but soleus muscle weight was not different between the two groups. Glycogen contents in liver, soleus and gastrocnemius white muscles were significantly lower in CAP than in CON at rest, 1 hr and 2 hr (p<0.05). However, glycogen content in gastrocnemius red muscle was significantly higher in CAP compared with CON at 2 hr after the exercise(p<0.05). These results indicate that capsaicin intake with high-fat diet would decrease glycogen contents in liver and muscle, however, this effect on glycogen metabolism could be changed by muscle type.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
• /
• v.1992 no.05
• /
• pp.203-208
• /
• 1992

In order to restore the gait function by functional electrical stimulation(FES) in hemiplegic patients, an electrical stimulator and foot sensor were developed on the basis of optimal parameters which resulted from animal experiments. Physical properties of the soleus muscle were quite different from those of themedial gastrocnemius muscle, that is, the former had a characteristic or slow muscle and the letter had a characteristic of fast muscle in rats. Optimal parameters for electrical stimulation were 0.2ms of pulse width and 20Hz of frequency in the soleus muscle and 0.3ms, 40Hz in the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Amplitude modulated electrical stimulator with -15V of maximal output was made and automatic on-off time if the stimulator was 5 seconds. The foot sensor composed of 3 sensors in 3 pressure points of the foot was made in order to control the gai t function by closed loop feedback system. The gait function was improved by using the stimulator and foot sensor in peroneal palsy. These results suggest that the electrical stimulator with closed loop feedback system may restore the gait function in hemiplegic patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.487-497
• /
• 2002

The fatigue process of the triceps surae was evaluated during a standing heel-rise test, comparising of pre-fatigue and post-fatigue. Sixteen healthy subjects with a mean age of 22.88 years participated. The heel-rise test was performed until exhaustion, and electromyographic activity expressed as mean value and root mean square of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were calculated. The average number of heel-rise performed was 63.69$\pm$26.10. The result of this present study indicate that the EMG signal is sensitive to the different muscle fatigue. Mean value and RMS decreased significantly in after fatigue. Significant difference were found between the pre-fatigue and post-fatigue in the total subjects. But there were no significant changes in mean and RMS between the male and female during standing heel-rise test. The present results, showing decreased EMG signal in the triceps surae, could be used as reference when testing the fatigue process in different clinical conditions. Recommendations for standardization of a heel-rise test are given.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate changes in lower extremity muscle activity caused by high heeled shoe wearing during normal, brisk, and upslope walking. Methods: Twenty healthy young women (age, $23.9{\pm}2.47$) participated in this study. Muscle activities of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, gastrocnemius lateralis, gastrocnemius medialis, soleus, hamstring, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis while walking normally, walking briskly, and walking up a slope. Results: When walking normally, the peroneus longus, gastrocnemius lateralis, soleus, and vastus lateralis evidenced higher activity when high-heeled shoes were worn (p<0.05). During brisk walking, the peroneus longus and gastrocnemius lateralis exhibited higher activity (p<0.05). Although the peroneus longus and vastus lateralis exhibited higher activity when walking up an incline with high-heeled shoes, the activity levels of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius medialis were lower (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that increased heel height substantially reduces muscle effort when walking up a slope. From a therapeutic perspective, it is possible that using high heeled shoes over a short period might enhance muscle activity of ankle evertor, although it can cause mediolateral muscle imbalances in the lower extremities.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.23-26
• /
• 2015

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are characterized by the presence of abnormal connections between feeding arteries and draining veins. It is generally assumed that symptomatic lesions can preferably be treated. Due to high arterial blood flow, there is a risk of bleeding with surgical excision alone, which can be massive and life threatening during the operation. According to recent advances in interventional technique, a hybrid approach using embolization of the feeding artery with subsequent immediate excision of the AVM for successful management of vascular lesions could be applied to AVMs. Herein, we describe a case of successful excision of AVM in the left soleus muscle using a hybrid approach.