• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2011

Since superconducting wires have no resistance, electromagnets based on the superconducting wires produce no resistive heating with DC current as long as the current does not exceed the critical current of the wire. However, unlike resistive wires, superconducting wires exhibit AC heat loss. Embedding fine superconducting filaments inside copper matrix can reduce this AC loss to an acceptable level and opens the way to AC-capable superconducting coils. Here, we introduce an easy and accurate method to measure AC heat loss from sample superconducting coils by measuring changes in the rate of gas helium outflow from the liquid helium dewar in which the sample coil is placed. This method provides accurate information on total heat loss of a superconducting coil without any size limit, as long as the coil can fit inside the liquid helium dewar. With this method, we have evaluated AC heat loss of two superconducting solenoids, a 180-turn solid NbTi wire with 0.127 mm diameter (NbTi coil) and a 100-turn filamented wire with 1.4 mm diameter where 7 NbTi filaments were embedded in a copper matrix with copper to NbTi ratio of 6.7:1 (NbTi-Cu coil). Both coils were wound on 15 mm-diameter G-10 epoxy tubes. The AC heat losses of the NbTi and NbTi-Cu coils were evaluated as $53{\pm}4.7\;{\mu}W/A^2Hzcm^3$ and $0.67{\pm}0.16\;{\mu}W/A^2Hzcm^3$, respectively.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.6453-6457
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 솔레노이드의 자기 이론과 시뮬레이션을 통해 해석의 정확성을 검증하였다. 솔레노이드는 간단한 구조와 빠른 응답성을 바탕으로 기계 산업, 의료 등의 분야에 활발히 사용되어지고 있다. 솔레노이드 엑츄에이터는 전자기력을 활용하며 전류를 인가시키면 자기장이 형성되어 자기력을 발생시키고 플런저를 직선운동 또는 회전운동으로 구동을 시키는 장치이다. 이론 해석은 Biot-Savart's law를 통해 축방향 및 반경방향 자기장 (Magnetic flux density, B)의 값을 구했으며, 임의의 점 P에서의 자기장 값도 계산하였다. Ansys의 Magnetostatic Analysis를 이용하여 해석 시뮬레이션을 진행하였고, 그 결과를 비교하여 이론과 해석의 유사성을 살펴보았다. 비교 결과를 통해 오차 범위 안에서 error값이 존재함을 알 수 있었고, 따라서 정확성을 검증할 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.3344-3351
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• 2021

The Rare Isotope Science Project was launched in 2011 in Korea toward constructing the Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON line experiments (RAON). RAON will house several experimental systems, including the Muon Spin Rotation/Relaxation/Resonance (μSR) facility in High Energy Experimental Building B. This facility will use 600-MeV protons with a maximum current of 660 pμA and beam power of 400 kW. The key μSR features will facilitate projects related to condensed-matter and nuclear physics. Typical experiments require a few million surface muons fully spin-polarized opposite to their momentum for application to small samples. Here, we describe the design of a muon transport beam line for delivering the requisite muon numbers and the electromagnetic-component specifications in the μSR facility. We determine the beam-line configuration via beam-optics calculations and the transmission efficiency via single-particle tracking simulations. The electromagnet properties, including fringe field effects, are applied for each component in the calculations. The designed surface-muon beamline is 17.3 m long, consisting of 2 solenoids, 2 dipoles affording 70° deflection, 9 quadrupoles, and a Wien filter to eliminate contaminant positrons. The average incident-muon flux and spin rotation angle are estimated as 5.2 × 10⁶ μ⁺/s and 45°, respectively.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2021

수소연료전지차(FCEV)는 전기를 자체 생산하는 연료전지를 동력원으로 하고 있으며 기존 기계식 레귤레이터의 출구압은 시스템 사양에 의해 제작 시점에서 고정되며 순간적인 수소 공급량에 의한 출구압 강하가 발생하는 경우 수소의 공급유량이 부정확해지는 문제가 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 존재하는 1단 기계식 감압 레귤레이터를 보완하기 위한 2단 감압 레귤레이터의 형상 설계 및 재질 선정을 수행하였다. 2단계 감압을 통한 맥동과 느린 응답을 보상하고 고압 편차 문제를 해결하기 위해 감압 유닛의 접촉면 형상을 가공성을 고려하여 설계하였다. 기밀성 측면에서 TPU의 변형량은 최대 15.82% 작은 변위량을 보였으며, 재질 선정에서는 2단 감압에 보편성을 확보하고 다양한 수소 연료 공급시스템에 적용 가능한 전자식 솔레노이드를 고려하여 자성체를 선정하고 적절한 도금 종류를 검증하기 위한 수소 취성 및 내식성 평가를 실시하였다. 시편의 표면 부식은 Cr 도금의 경우에서만 발생되지 않았으며, 인장 시험을 통해 부식과정간 연신율을 비교하였을 때, 2% 이내의 차이를 확인하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.940-947
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• 2006

완전이식형 인공심장에 적용하기 위한 여러 형태의 액츄에이터가 개발되어 있으나, 이들은 에너지 변환 메커니즘의 복잡성 및 베어링 등이 필요하다는 단점이 있다. 자성유체를 사용하는 자성유체액츄에이터는 유체의 외부에서 자장을 인가하여 직접적으로 유체를 구동하는 방법으로 베어링이 필요 없는 장점이 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 인공심장에 적용 가능한 자성유체 액츄에이터의 가능성에 대하여 검토하였다. 아크릴 $({\phi}\;7.4mm)$에 두 개의 환상 솔레노이드가 장착되어 있으며, 아크릴관의 양단에 작은 고무주머니(부피: $2m{\ell}$)를 부착하여 입출력포트로 사용하였다. 아크릴 관 및 고무주머니는 물로 채우고 아크릴 관 중앙에 자성유체 및 구동체(철심)가 삽입되어 있다. 2가지의 방법으로 실험을 하였으며, 실험1은 양단 스토퍼의 간격이 72m이며, 실험2는 양단 스토퍼의 간격이 104mm이다. 실험결과 1회박출량을 살펴보면, 실험1은 $0.96m{\ell}$, 실험2에서는 $1.92m{\ell}$을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 에너지효율은 실험2가 실험1에 대하여 5배정도로 우수한 것을 알 수 있었다. 향후, 본 연구에서 사용한 자성유체보다 3배정도 자화특성이 우수한 자성유체가 개발되면, 자성유체액츄에이터를 사용한 인공심장의 개발가능성이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.252-252
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• 2017

Nowadays water shortage is becoming one of the biggest problems in the Korea. Many different methods are developed for conservation of water. Soil water management has become the most indispensable factor for augmenting the crop productivity especially on soybean (Glycine max L.) because of their high susceptibility to both water stress and water logging at various growth stages. The farmers have been using irrigation techniques through manual control which farmers irrigate lands at regular intervals. Automatic irrigation systems are convenient, especially for those who need to travel. If automatic irrigation systems are installed and programmed properly, they can even save you money and help in water conservation. Automatic irrigation systems can be programmed to provide automatic irrigation to the plants which helps in saving money and water and to discharge more precise amounts of water in a targeted area, which promotes water conservation. The objective of this study was to determine the possible effect of automatic irrigation systems based on soil moisture on soybean growth. This experiment was conducted on an upland field with sandy loam soils in Department of Southern Area Crop, NICS, RDA. The study had three different irrigation methods; sprinkle irrigation (SI), surface drip irrigation (SDI) and fountain irrigation (FI). SI was installed at spacing of $7{\times}7m$ and $1.8m^3/hr$ as square for per irrigation plot, a lateral pipe of SDI was laid down to 1.2 m row spacing with $2.3L\;h^{-1}$ discharge rate, the distance between laterals was 20 cm spacing between drippers and FI was laid down in 3m interval as square for per irrigation plot. Soybean (Daewon) cultivar was sown in the June $20^{th}$, 2016, planted in 2 rows of apart in 1.2 m wide rows and distance between hills was 20 cm. All agronomic practices were done as the recommended cultivation. This automatic irrigation system had valves to turn irrigation on/off easily by automated controller, solenoids and moisture sensor which were set the reference level as available soil moisture levels of 30% at 10cm depth. The efficiency of applied irrigation was obtained by dividing the total water stored in the effective root zone to the applied irrigation water. Results showed that seasonal applied irrigation water amounts were $60.4ton\;10a^{-1}$ (SI), $47.3ton\;10a^{-1}$ (SDI) and $92.6 ton\;10a^{-1}$ (FI), respectively. The most significant advantage of SDI system was that water was supplied near the root zone of plants drip by drip. This system saved a large quantity of water by 27.5% and 95.6% compared to SI, FI system. The average soybean yield was significantly affected by different irrigation methods. The soybean yield by different irrigation methods were $309.7kg\;10a^{-1}$ from SDI $282.2kg\;10a^{-1}$ from SI, $289.4kg\;10a^{-1}$ from FI, and $206.3kg\;10a^{-1}$ from control, respectively. SDI resulted in increase of soybean yield by 50.1%, 7.0% 9.8% compared to non-irrigation (control), FI and SI, respectively. Therefore, the automatic irrigation system supplied water only when the soil moisture in the soil went below the reference. Due to the direct transfer of water to the roots water conservation took place and also helped to maintain the moisture to soil ratio at the root zone constant. Thus the system is efficient and compatible to changing environment. The automatic irrigation system provides with several benefits and can operate with less manpower. In conclusion, improving automatic irrigation system can contribute greatly to reducing production costs of crops and making the industry more competitive and sustainable.