• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.86-91
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• 2011

Thermal design was conducted for a solar thermal storage system in a medium-temperature range between $200^{\circ}C$ and $400^{\circ}C$. The system was composed of heat pipes as heat carrier and molten salts as phase-change storage material. Each heat pipe penetrated through the storage system and had two heat-exchanging sections at both ends to interact with high-and low-temperature steams, while it exchanged heat with molten salts in the middle section. During a heat-storage mode, the heat pipes transferred heat from the hot steam at one side to the molten salts and it transferred heat from the molten salt to the cold steam at the other side during the heat-dissipating mode. A tube-bank type heat exchanger theory was applied to this design task to meet the required inlet and outlet temperatures of the steams depending on the operation modes. Several design variables were considered including the lengths of evaporator and condenser of a heat pipe, traverse and longitudinal pitches of the pipe, and the number of rows of the heat pipes for two different molten salt baths. An optimum design results were presented with discussion.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2016

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a very important as one of major food ingredients in food industries. Recently, as the potential risk of adult diseases such as hypertension by overingestion of sodium, health authorities of many countries are executing policies for the reduction of sodium to suppress the overingestion of sodium by intake of NaCl. As general ways, the replacement of NaCl with either alternative salts, such as solar salts and minerals, for examples calcium, magnesium, potassium, lactic acid, and so on, and the addition of flavor enhancers were used to reduce the contents of sodium in foods. Recently, controls of particle size of sodium chloride or release point are emerging as new salt-manufacturing technologies for the sodium reduction. Upon reducing NaCl in foods it is important to develop practically adaptable technologies on the basis of the consideration of the unique functions of NaCl in foods, in particular effects on rheological characters, function as a humectant, shorten shelf life time, and so on.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.256-265
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• 2011

소금 종류에 따른 김치의 품질특성에 관한 연구는 몇몇 보고된바 있으나, 김치는 원 부재료를 멸균하지 않는 비살균 개방형 발효로서 원 부재료의 토착미생물에 의하여 발효가 이루어지고 소금의 농도 및 온도 등의 발효조건에 영향을 받는다. 이에 천일염이 김치의 품질에 미치는 직접적인 영향을 규명하기 위해 박테리오신 생성능이 강화된 Leuc. citreum GJ7을 종균으로 사용하여 김치내 미생물 제어에 의한 발효조건을 동일하게 하여주고, 이에 사용된 천일염 (4년 숙성, 1년 숙성) 및 정제염에 따른 차이가 김치의 발효숙성 중 김치품질특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 산도 변화에서 정제염으로 제조한 김치가 1년 숙성 천일염과 4년 숙성 천일염으로 제조한 김치보다 최적 가식기에 도달하는 시기는 늦었으나 이후 급격히 산도가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 김치내 총균수 및 유산균수는 4년 숙성 천일염 김치가 1년 숙성 천일염 김치와 정제염 김치에 비해 높게 나타났다. 숙성 33일에 Leuc. citreum GJ7 점유율은 4년 숙성 천일염 김치가 80.2%로 가장 높은 점유율을 보였으며, 1년 숙성 천일염 김치 75.8%, 정제염 김치 61.3%로 4년 숙성 천일염 김치가 가장 높게 나타났다. 김치의 황색도 (b)는 숙성시간이 경과함에 따라 증가되었으며, 정제염 김치가 증가폭이 가장 크게 나타났다. 또한 4년 숙성 천일염 김치가 경도가 가장 견고하였으며, 관능검사에서도 가장 높은 점수를 나타내어 김치발효에 가장 적합한 소금은 4년 숙성 천일염으로 나타났다. 김치담금사 사용소금에 따른 이와 같은 차이는 소금의 Na와 Cl 및 각종 무기질 조성 및 그 농도에 기인된 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1664-1671
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• 2009

된장제조 시 사용되는 소금의 종류(천일염, 정제염)를 달리하여 제조한 된장을 각각 2개월, 16개월 동안 숙성시켜 소금의 종류 및 발효기간에 따른 된장의 항암활성을 조사하였다. 소금의 종류를 달리한 2개월 숙성 된장의 물 추출물과 메탄올 추출물은 모두 정상세포 BJ에 대해 세포독성을 보이지 않고 오히려 세포성장효과를 지니는 반면 2종의 암세포에 대해서는 높은 성장억제효과를 나타내었다. 최대 처리농도인 1 mg/mL에서 AGS의 경우 천일염된장의 물 추출물은 41%, 메탄올 추출물은 29%의 억제율을 보였고, 정제염된장은 물 추출물에서 29%, 메탄올 추출물은 32%의 억제율을 보였다. 동일 농도에서 HT-29의 경우 천일염된장의 물 추출물은 40%, 메탄올 추출물은 26%의 억제율을 보였고, 정제염된장의 물, 메탄올 추출물은 각각 24%, 27%의 억제율을 보여 AGS와 HT-29에 대해 천일염된장의 물 추출물은 억제효과가 매우 뛰어남을 확인하였다. 천일염과 정제염을 첨가하여 제조한 16개월 숙성 된장의 각각의 추출물의 경우도 모두 정상세포 BJ에 대해 세포성장효과를 보였으며 특이적으로 암세포 AGS와 HT-29에 대해서는 성장억제효과가 높음을 확인하였다. 소금의 종류에 따른 된장추출물의 암세포 성장억제효과를 비교해 보기 위하여 최대 처리 농도인 1 mg/mL로 비교해 보면 AGS의 경우 천일염된장의 물 추출물은 50%, 메탄올 추출물은 36%의 억제율을 보였고, 정제염된장의 물 추출물은 32%, 메탄올 추출물은 42%의 억제율을 보였다. 동일 농도에서 HT-29의 경우 천일염된장의 물, 메탄올추출물은 각각 44%, 30%의 억제율을 보였고, 정제염된장의 물, 메탄올 추출물은 각각 32%, 35%의 억제율을 보여 16개월 숙성 된장의 경우 천일염된장의 물 추출물이 암세포 성장억제효과가 더 높게 나타났으며, 2개월 숙성 된장에 비교해 16개월 숙성 된장의 추출물이 항암효과가 더 우수함을 확인하였다. 더 나아가 AGS에 각 된장의 물 추출물을 최대 1mg/mL의 농도로 처리하여 apoptosis 유발 여부를 측정한 결과 대조구에 비교해 모든 실험구에서 apoptosis를 유발함을 확인하였다. 특히 천일염된장의 물 추출물(7.00${\pm}$1.15cells)이 정제염된장의 물 추출물(3.00${\pm}$1.15 cells)보다 AGS에 대한 억제효과 및 apoptosis 유발이 더 높게 나타나 위결과로 볼 때 천일염된장이 매우 뛰어난 항암효과를 지님을 알 수 있었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 1957

The solar evaporation method is one of the most important and popular salt manufecturing method in Korea. The rate of evaporation of sea water depends on a complex climate factors. Of these factors, the most important is solar radiation and in particular the extent to which it is absorbed in the brine. By the addition of suitable dyestuff, a further increase in absorption is obtained and can result in all the radiation entering the brine being made available as heat. "Solivap Green", one of several dyestuffs which have been suggested for accelerating solar evaporation, was tested in this experiment. The results of the experiment. 1. Increase the evaporation rate of brine up to 20-25%. 2. Elevate the temperature of brine 2-$4^{\circ}C$. higher than that of brine adding no dyestuff. 3. Optimum dyestuff concentration is 25-30 mg/L and allowable maximum concentration can not exceeded 1000 mg/$m^2$ (50 mg/L). 4. Addition of dyestuff does not cause the degradation of salt produced. 5. A conversion table which indicates the concentrations for various depths of brine was prepared for engineering purpose. 6. Absorption spectrum of the dyestuff was studies, but toxicological and structural studies for the dyestuff have not been done in this experiment.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2014

This study was accomplished to get the foundation design data of VMD(Vacuum Membrane Distillation) system for Solar Thermal VMD plant. VMD experiment was designed to evaluate thermal performance of VMD using PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) hollow fiber hydrophobic membranes. The total membrane surface area in a VMD module is $5.3m^2$. Experimental equipments to evaluate VMD system consists of various parts such as VMD module, heat exchanger, heater, storage tank, pump, flow meter, micro filter. The experimental conditions to evaluate VMD module were salt concentration, temperature, flow rate of feed sea water. Salt concentration of feed water were used by aqueous NaCl solutions of 25g/l, 35g/l and 45g/l concentration. As a result, increase in permeate flux of VMD module is due to the increasing feed water temperature and feed water flow rate. Also, decrease in permeate flux of VMD module is due to increasing salinity of feed water. VMD module required about 590 kWh/day of heating energy to produce $1m^3/day$ of fresh water.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2015

대부분의 호염성 고세균은 고염환경으로 알려진 천일염전(solar saltern), 염호수(salt lake)를 비롯한 다양한 환경에서 서식하고 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는, 한국의 대표적인 고염환경으로부터 분리배양을 통하여 호염성 고세균의 특성 분석을 실시하였다. 호염성 미생물들을 분리하기 위하여, 고염배지를 제작하고, 총 7개의 순수 배양체를 확보하였다. 분리된 호염성 미생물들의 16S rRNA 유전자 서열에 대한 계통학 및 상동성 분석을 실시하여 Halorubrum 속의 미생물 4종, Halogeometricum 속의 미생물 1종, Halobacterium 속의 미생물 1종, Haloarcula 속의 미생물 1종을 각각 확보 할 수 있었다. 이들 호염성 고세균들은 모두 그람 음성균이며, nitrate를 전자수용체로 사용한 혐기적 조건에서 성장이 관찰되지 않았다. 또한, 분리된 모든 미생물들은 12-30% (w/v, NaCl) 염분을 필요로 하였다. 본 연구는 국내의 호염환경으로 부터 호염성미생물의 분리기술 및 관련 연구에 대한 기초적 정보를 제공하며, 국내의 다양한 극한환경에서 서식하는 미생물 배양체 확보를 통하여 국내 생물자원 확보에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes of body composition, cardio-respiratory function in ventilation threshold (VT) and maximal state exercise, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and serum nitric oxide (NO) production during acute reducing salt (RS) supplementation in college elite athletes. Variables of cardio-respiratory function during rest, ventilation threshold and maximal exercise was not shown a significantly difference between RS supplementation and non-supplementation, there was shown a significant increase in ventilation threshold time (p<0.05) and exhaustion time (p<0.05) during RS supplement compared to non-supplement. SBP and DBP were not shown a significant difference between RS supplement and non-supplement. This result suggests that acute intake of RS is not increased a blood pressure. Serum NO production was not significant difference in the RS supplement group, but it was shown a significantly increased levels (p<0.01, vs. recovery 30 min.) immediately after maximal exercise in the non-supplement group. This result suggests that acute intake of RS have important role in inhibition of serum NO production during maximal exercise. Conclusively, This study suggest that acute intake of RS was not influence in body composition variables, but it was positive effect in ventilation threshold time, exhaustion time, maintenance of blood pressure and inhibition of serum NO production in maximal treadmill exercise.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1744-1752
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• 2017

Myeolchi jeotgals (MJs) were prepared with purified salt (PS), solar salt aged for 1 year (SS), and bamboo salt (BS) melted 3 times at 10% and 20% (w/w) concentrations, and fermented for 28 weeks at $15^{\circ}C$. BS MJ showed higher pH and lower titratable acidities than the other samples because of the alkalinity of bamboo salt. Lactic acid bacteria counts increased until 4-6 weeks and then decreased gradually, and were not detected after 20 weeks from MJs with 10% salt. Yeast counts of PS MJs were higher than those of BS and SS MJs. Bacilli were detected in relatively higher numbers throughout the 28 weeks, like marine bacteria, but archae were detected in lower numbers during the first 10 weeks. When 16S rRNA genes were amplified from total DNA from PS MJ (10% salt) at 12 weeks, Tetragenococcus halophilus was the major species. However, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the dominant species for BS MJ at the same time point. In SS MJ, T. halophilus was the dominant species and S. epidermidis was the next dominant species. BS and SS MJs showed higher amino-type nitrogen, ammonia-type nitrogen, and volatile basic nitrogen contents than PS MJs. SS and BS were better than PS for the production of high-quality MJs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2016

Due to the shortage of the fingerling/juvenile mud loach, Misgurnus mizolepis in Korea, these fish have been imported from China. However, the mortality rate during and after their transportation is very high. In this study, we examined various physiological and histological parameters to evaluate the effect of salt treatment on the survival and recovery of mud loaches in holding farms during the quarantine process. Glucose, osmolality, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, and histological changes were assessed for three different salinities. Non-treated fish (control 0.0%) exhibited lower levels of osmolality, and $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ concentrations compared with those kept in solar salt solution (0.5% and 1.0%). Glucose levels in control fish were higher than those in fish exposed to 0.5% and 1.0% solar salt solution. Histologically, control fish showed thinner epidermis of skin, branchial hyperplasia and lamellar fusion with an abundance of eosinophilic granule cell-like cells. After solar salt solution treatment, damaged gill structures in the fish almost recovered within 5 days. The present study demonstrates that mud loaches transported from China suffer from skin and gill damage and physiological dysfunction which may increase the mortality and morbidity. Moreover, saline treatment might alleviate the stress responses and ionic/osmotic imbalances, and help heal gill damage.