• Title/Summary/Keyword: soil microbe

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The Effect of Rain Fall Event on $CO_2$ Emission in Pinus koraiensis Plantation in Mt. Taehwa (강우 이벤트가 태화산 잣나무 식재림의 각 발생원별 $CO_2$ 발생량에 미치는 영향)

  • Suh, Sanguk;Park, Sungae;Shim, Kyuyoung;Yang, Byeonggug;Choi, Eunjung;Lee, Jaeseok;Kim, Taekyu
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.389-394
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    • 2014
  • This study was conducted to find out the soil $CO_2$ emission characteristic due to rain fall pattern and intensity changes. Using Automatic Opening and Closing Chambers (AOCCs), we have measured annual soil respiration changes in Pinus koraiensis plantation at Seoul National University experimental forest in Mt. Taehwa. In addition, we have monitored heterotrophic respiration at trenching sites ($4{\times}6m$). Based on the one year data of soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration, we observed that 24% of soil respiration was derived from root respiration. During the rainy season (end of July to September), soil respiration at trenching site and trenching with rainfall interception site were measure during portable soil respiration analyzer (GMP343, Vaisala, Helsinki, Finland). Surprisingly, even after days of continuous heavy rain, soil water content did not exceed 20%. Based on this observation, we suggest that the maximum water holding capacity is about 20%, and relatively lower soil water contents during the dry season affect the vital degree of trees and soil microbe. As for soil respiration under different rain intensity, it was increased about 14.4% under 10 mm precipitation. But the high-intensity rain condition, such as more than 10 mm precipitation, caused the decrease of soil respiration up to 25.5%. Taken together, this study suggests that the pattern of soil respiration can be regulated by not only soil temperature but also due to the rain fall intensity.

Removal of Malordorous Sulfur Compounds by Thiobacilius neapolitanus R-10 (Thiobacillus neapolitanus R-10에 의한 유황계 악취물질의 제거)

  • 원용돈;박상보
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.215-222
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    • 1995
  • Thiokncillus neapolitanus R-10 isolated from sludge of night soil, showed an oxidizing activity on several malodorous sulfur compounds. The microbe successfully utilized hydrogen sulfide(H2S), methy mercaptan(MM), dimethyl sulfide(DMS) and dimethyldisulfide(DMDS) during the batch culture reaction, of which H2S was rather rapidly oxidized. To examine the ability for removal of malodorous sulfur compounds, various concentrations of sulfide substrates were supplemented separately to basal medium and their responses were investigated. As the concentration of sulfide was increased, growth was accelerated within three days of cultivation. 2.5mM was the most favorable substrate concentration of sulfide added for all cases tested. However, when the concentration of sulfur compounds were raised over 4M, they behaved as a growth inhibitor.

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Production of Compost Using Organic wastes

  • Lee, Jang-Hoon;Jung, Joon-Oh;Kwon, Hyuk-Ku;Nam, Youn-Ku;Yun, Jung-Won
    • Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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    • 2005.06a
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    • pp.406-409
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    • 2005
  • Since 2003, Korean government has restricted landfill application of organic waste, which shares approximately 56% of total waste sludge from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. In addition, enforcement of the ocean disposal prohibition law is effective from 2005. Organic sludge was composted for the purpose of converting to organic fertilizer. After moisture content was regulated with bulking agents aerobic treatment performed. When composting was conducted, commercial and activated microbe materials, identified from soil were seeded in sewage sludge. Carbon dioxide production was increased sharply after 24 hours. Temperature and pH of compost reached to $66.2^{\circ}C$ and 8. Heavy metals were lower than their regulatory limits, which enable it to utilize as organic fertilizer.

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Isolation and Identification of Novel Alkalophilic Bacillus alkalophishaggy JY-827 with Anticaries microbe Streptococcus mutans. (치아 우식 미생물 Streptococcus mutans 에 대해 활균활성을 갖는 신규 호알칼리성 Bacillus alkalophilshaggy JY-827의 분리 및 동정)

  • 전주연;류일환;이상욱;이갑상
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.243-250
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    • 2000
  • The study was performed to investigated the excellent microbial anticaries substance which is more effective than the chlorohexidine in the dental caries treatment. For the screening of alkaliphilic microorganism, more than 1200 bacterial strains were isolated from sea soil sample. A typ-ical strain which produced the most excellent antimicrobial substance was selected. The strain was identified novel alkalophilic Bacillus sp. through the results of morphological, biochemical and chemotaxonomical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing and designated as Bacillus alkalophilshaggy JY-827.

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Isolation and Identification of Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria and Their Effect on Growth of Red Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) (식물생육촉진(植物生育促進) 세균(細菌) 분리(分離), 동정(同定)과 고추에 대한 처리효과(處理效果))

  • Lee, Young-Han;Yun, Han-Dae;Ha, Ho-Sung
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 1996
  • This study was conducted to determine the effect of treatment with the plant-growth-promoting bacteria on the growth of red pepper(Capsicum annuum L.).The eight plant-growth-promoting bacteria were isolated from the humic soil in the forest region. The isolated bacteria(IB) was identified by the method of the biochemical test(API kit) and the composition of the fatty acid(MIDI system).The IBs were inoculated by spray of 17ml at 72 cell tray filled with peatmoss every week. respectively, with mixed liquid eulture of eight strains. The IBs were identified as Micrococcus sp.. Bacillus subtilis. Enterobacter agglomerans, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas putida. Pseudomonas fluorescens, Xanthomonas maltophilia and Staphylococcus xylosus by API kit and MIDI system. The plant height number of leaves and leaf length of red pepper grown on peatmoss treated with the IB were better than those of nontreatment at the 10th day after inoculation.

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Growth Effect of Tomato Treated with Bacillus sp. WRD-1 Cultures (Bacillus sp. WRD-1 배양액 처리가 토마토 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Ok, Min;Seo, Won-Seok;Bae, Kye-Sun;Kwon, O-Chang;Park, Su-Jin;Cho, Young-Su
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.63-66
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    • 2001
  • To investgate growth effect of tomato by Bacillus sp. WRD-1 isolated from soil, the Bacillus sp. WRD-1 cultures were treated into tomato cultivated soil with different dilutions (1:100, 1:300, and 1:500) and autoclaved Bacillus cultures as control. Growth and yeild of tomato enhanced in treatments of the Bacillus cultures compared to control. The populations of native bacteria and actinomyces were increased twice in field treated with Bacillus sp. WRD-1 cultures, but the number of mold was decreased. Since the Bacillus sp. WRD-1 promoted growth of tomato and affected population dynamics of microorganism in field, this strain is prominent candidate as a microbial biocide to improve soil potential.

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A Study on the Mechanism of Soil Improvement Using Environment-friendly Organic Acid Material (친환경 유기산 재료를 활용한 지반개량 메커니즘에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jong-Hwi;Jung, Jae-Won;Han, Yun-Su;Chun, Byung-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.23-34
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    • 2013
  • An organic acid material, which can be manufactured by plants extraction, encourages microbe proliferation over time. Microbial activity, which is affected by organic acid, encourages accelerating consolidation with biochemical penetration; soil particles are compacted by microbes and pore water is dissipated quickly. Additionally, $CaCO_3$ for cementation was made by proliferating microbes. Accordingly, tests were conducted to investigate the unconfined compressive strength and permeability of soil samples aged with and without an organic acid. In the 96 days of aging, the strength was generally 1.5~2.5 times greater than those without an organic acid material and permeability was definitely decreased to 74.2~93.1%. SEM analysis showed the change of pore structure and the change of the total bacteria counts revealed the activity of microbes reflecting the engineering characteristics and this material would be an environment-friendly for soil improvement.

Growth Response of Lettuce after Application of Mixed Organic Fertilizer Containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HSOB-7 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSOB-8 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HSOB-7와 Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSOB-8 함유 유기질비료 처리 시 상추의 생육)

  • Young-Sun Kim;Jong-Jin Lee;Sung-Hyun Cho
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.338-345
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    • 2023
  • Bacillus spp. and Saccharomyces spp. are effective microorganisms that are applied as microbial fertilizers for crops in Korea. Mixed organic fertilizer (MOF) has been used in the Korean organic agriculture to supply nutrients to crops. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of MOF containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HSOB-7 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSOB-8 (MOFBS) on the soil chemical properties and growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Growth factors of lettuce were higher after applying different formulation types of MOFBS, such as powder and pellet, than those of NF, and not significantly different than those of control (microbe-free MOF). Compared with the control, application of recommended amount of MOFBS (MOFBS 250 kg/10a, MOFBS treatment) and double the recommended amount (MOFBS 500 kg/10a, 2MOFBS treatment) did not significantly change the growth factors of lettuce. After the application of two formulation types or two different amounts of MOFBS, soil chemical properties such as electrical conductivity, organic matter (OM), exchangeable Ca, and cation exchangeable cation (CEC) increased. These results indicated that although the application of MOFBS improved soil fertility including OM and CEC, it did not significantly affect lettuce growth.

Production of Pellet Fertilizer from the Sludge of Thermophilic Aerobic Oxidation System End Its Effects on the Growth of Chinese cabbage and Soil Properties (고온 호기성 산화 시스템의 슬러지로부터 펠렛 비료의 생산과 Chinese cabbage의 생육 및 토양 특성에 대한 영향)

  • Lee Won Il;Hirotada Tsujii;Lee Myung Gyu
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.101-110
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    • 2004
  • A solid of Thermophilic Aerobic Oxidation(TAO) System was mixed with sawdust or a rice husks. After fermentation was finished, molding machine and a dryer were used, and pellet fertilizer was produced. The fertilizing experiment was carried out as five pieces by Bed soil, TAO solid(TAO-S), TAO pellet fertilizer(TAO-PF), Chemical fertilizer(NPK) and Control(no fertilizer). Growth rate of the Chinese cabbage by each treatment was examined. Analysis of microbe and soil characteristic before and after crop experiment were carried out. When the moisture contents of TAO-PF were $18\%$ and $25\%$, the occurrence rate of microbes for the storage time was increased to $80\%$ and $100\%$ respectively. However, in the $12\%$ of water content treatment was not increased microbes. The concentration of soil bacteria in TAO-PF and TAO-S for 15 day after treatment was $1.5\times10^7\~8.0\times10^7$ CFU/ml, and the concentration of bacteria for 50 day was increased to $6.3\times10^7$ and $8.3\times10^7$ CFU/ml. However, Fungus decreased. The concentration of Actinomycetes was increased in TAO solid, Bed soil and TAO-PF treatment. The TAO-S and TAO-PF treatment were normal to compare to the NPK treatment. In this experiment the height and width of the Chinese cabbage were 22.3 cm, 16.8 cm in Bed soil and 28.8 cm, 21.3 cm in TAO solid. The leaf number of TAO-S, TAO-PF and NPK treatment were similar to 39.8, 38.3, 40.3 sheet. As the result, the TAO-PF knew that use was possible with fertilizer.

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Research Trends on Plant Associated Beneficial Bacteria as Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture: An Overview (지속농업을 위한 생물비료로서의 유용세균관련 식물검정 연구 개관)

  • Sa, Tongmin;Chauhan, Puneet Singh
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.42 no.spc
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    • pp.20-28
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    • 2009
  • The sustainability of conventional agriculture which is characterized by input dependent and ecologically simplified food production system is vague. Chemicals and present practices used in agriculture are not only costly but also have widespread implications on human and animal health, food quality and safety and environmental quality. Thus there is a need for alternative farming practices to sustain food production for the escalating population and conserve environment for future generations. The present research scenario in the area of plant microbe interactions for maintaining sustainable agriculture suggests that the level of internal regulation in agro-ecosystems is largely dependent on the level of plant and microbial diversity present in the soil. In agro-ecosystems, biodiversity performs a variety of ecological services beyond the production of food, including recycling of nutrients, regulation of microclimate and local hydrological processes, suppression of undesirable organisms and detoxification of noxious chemicals. Controlling the soil microflora to enhance the predominance of beneficial and effective microorganisms can help improve and maintain soil chemical and physical properties. The role of beneficial soil microorganisms in sustainable productivity has been well construed. Some plant bacteria referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can contribute to improve plant growth, nutrient uptake and microbial diversity when inoculated to plants. Term PGPR was initially used to describe strains of naturally occurring non-symbiotic soil bacteria have the ability to colonize plant roots and stimulate plant growth PGPR activity has been reported in strains belonging to several other genera, such as Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Arthrobacter Bacillus, Burkhokderia, Methylobacterium, and Pseudomonas etc. PGPR stimulate plant growth directly either by synthesizing hormones such as indole acetic acid or by promoting nutrition, for example, by phosphate solubilization or more generally by accelerating mineralization processes. They can also stimulate growth indirectly, acting as biocontrol agents by protecting the plant against soil borne fungal pathogens or deleterious bacteria. Present review focuses on some recent developments to evolve strategies for better biotechnological exploitation of PGPR's.