• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2013

This study is conducted to evaluate the leaching of contaminants from mine tailing by natural water and finally to estimate the leaching and transportation of heavy metal contaminants by rainfall. In order to identify contaminated heavy metal of soil, 17 soil, 2 tailing and 2 waste dump and 2 control samples were taken at mine area and analyzed total metal contents. The leaching experiments were conducted using distilled water. Cu, Pb, Zn was extracted from the reddish mine tailing in a short period time, especially the extraction rate of Cu (45.0%) was highest. The contaminants were leached from the yellowish mine tailing within an hour and the leaching rate of Cd (42.0%) and Zn (17.2%) were relatively high. The reddish soil from the waste dump showed leaching of Cu (5.1%), Pb (4.0%) and Zn (3.3%), however the leaching rate was low except Mi (14.2%). From the yellowish soil sampled from the dumping site, the leaching of Cu (8.2%) and Ni (9.7%) was high while the leaching of Zn (0.2%) were relatively low.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권6호통권134호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

본 연구는 지접부용 처리목재의 지하부에서 발생하는 방부제 유효성분의 용탈에 관한 연구로 토양의 물리 및 화학적 특성이 방부제 유효성분의 용탈에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 수행하였다. CCA 처리 라디에타소나무 시편을 국내의 대표적인 네 가지 토양(미사질양토, 양토, 사질양토, 사토)에 매립하여 12주간의 용탈기간 동안 토양이 항상 물로 포화된 상태가 유지되도록 토양 용탈시험을 실시하였으며, 토양 용탈시험 결과와 비교할 목적으로 물 용탈시험을 병행하여 실시하였다. 토양 종류에 따른 처리목채로부터 방부제 유효성분의 용탈을 차이가 관찰되었으나 토양 용탈은 물 용탈보다 유효성분의 용탈율이 낮았다. CCA 처리목재로부터 크롬, 구리, 비소 용탈율은 각각 사질양토, 양토, 사토에서 가장 높았으며, 모든 유효성분의 용탈율이 미사질양토에서 가장 낮았다. 토양의 물리 및 화학적 특성과 용탈율 간의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 방부제 유효성분의 용탈율이 토양 특성에 의해 매우 상이하게 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. CCA 처리목재로부터 구리 용탈은 토양내 치환성 마그네슘 및 염기총량의 영향을 받았다. CCA 처리목재로부터 크롬 용탈은 토양내 치환성 마그네슘($Mg^{2+}$) 함량의 영향을 받았으며, 비소 용탈은 토양내 치환성 칼륨($K^+$), 중금속인 니켈(Ni), 망간(Mn), 철(Fe), 크롬(Cr), 구리(Cu) 함량의 영향을 받았다. 본 연구 결과와 기존 연구 결과들 간에, 그리고 기존 연구결과들 간에도 토양 특성과 방부제 유효성분 용탈율 간의 관계가 서로 상이하게 보고되고 있다. 따라서 앞으로 이에 대한 보다 심도 있는 연구가 필요하리라 판단된다. 또한 실험실 규모의 용탈시험을 통해 얻은 본 연구의 결과를 입증하기 위해서 수분 조건과 토양 미생물의 종류와 분포가 상이한 실제 야외 지접부 환경에서의 연구가 반드시 필요하다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.379-386
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• 1999

The adsorption and leaching of organophosphorus pesticides (phenthoate, diazinon, methidathion) were investigated in Namwon soli(black volcanic soil), Aewol soil(very dark brown volcanic soil) and Mureung soil(dark brown nonvolcanic soil) sampled in Cheju Island. The Freundlich constant, K value, was 52.4, 31.3 and 27.7 for phenthoate, diazinon and methidathion in Namwonsoil, respectively and decreased in the order of phenthoate, diazinon and methidathion among the pesticides. The K value of phenthoate was 52.4, 15.9 and 5.9 for Namwon, Aewol and Mureung soil, respectively and was the highest for Namwon soil with very high organic matter content and cation exchange capacity(CEC). The Freundlich constant, 1/n, showed a high correlation with organic matter content, i.e., its value was less than unity for organic matter rich soil(Namwon soil) and greater than unity for organic matter poor soil(Mureung soil). Total recoveries of pesticides in soil and leachate with leaching in soil column, were in the range of about 74~86%. The leaching of pesticides was less for phenthate with high K values, and more for methidathion with low K values among the pesticides. It was slower for Namwon soil with high K values, and more for methidathion with low K values among the pesticides. It was slower for Namwon soil with high K values, and faster for Mureung soil with low K values among the soils.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.379-387
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• 2022

A large amount of the mineral nitrogen is necessary for crop growth. With the use of nitrogen fertilizers, agricultural yield has increased during the last few decades. However, at the same time, nitrate from the cultivated land can be a source of environmental pollution, especially in water systems. For nitrogen management, it is necessary to analyze the pattern of nitrogen movement in soil. In this study, nitrogen leaching in upland soils was evaluated using undisturbed lysimeters with different soil textures during sesame cultivation. The soil texture of the lysimeters was clay loam (Songjung series) and sandy loam (Sangju series) soils. Sesame was cultivated from May 25 to August 24 in 2020. The standard amount of NPK fertilizer (N-P₂O₅-K₂O = 2.9-3.1-3.2 kg·10 a^-1) was applied before sowing. The amount of nitrogen leaching was calculated by multiplying the nitrogen (NO₃-N + NH₄-N) concentration and the amount of water drained below 1.5 m soil depth. The water was drained through percolation into macropores in the clay loam lysimeter. In contrast, in the sandy loam lysimeter, water drained more slowly than in the clay loam lysimeter. There was a slight difference in the total amount of leachate during the cultivation period, but the amount of nitrogen leaching was high in sandy loam soil. During the sesame cultivation period, the amount of nitrogen leaching from clay soil was 5.64 kg·10 a^-1, and 10.70 kg·10 a^-1 for sandy soil. We found that there was a difference in leaching depending on the soil physical characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of soil to evaluate the leaching of nitrogen.

• 분석과학
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2022

The leaching of nitrate from soil increases the concentration of elements, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, in water, causing eutrophication. In this study, the feasibility of using clinoptilolite as an ion-exchange material to reduce nitrate leaching in soil was investigated. Soil samples were collected from three soil depths (0 - 30, 30 - 90, and 90 - 120 cm), and their sorption capacity was determined using batch experiments. The effects of contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature on the removal of NO₃^- were investigated. The results showed that an initial concentration of 25 mg L^-1, a contact time of 120 min, an adsorbent dosage of 5.0 g/100 mL, a pH of 3, and a temperature of 30 ℃ are favorable conditions. The kinetic results corresponded well with a pseudo-second-order rate equation. Intra-particle diffusion also played a significant role in the initial stage of the adsorption process. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous, random, and endothermic. The results suggest that a modification of clinoptilolite effectively reduces the leaching of nitrate in soil.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.354-355
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• 2003

In this study, a risk-based cleanup approach using the leaching potential was suggested for the soil vapor extraction (SVE) process. A multi-component model was adopted with local equilibrium assumption (LEA), and Raoult's law was applied to estimate the leaching potential for BTEX. Finally, a risk analysis was conducted based on the leaching pontential calculated. To complete the feasibility of this approach, more investigations and discussions will be required in future.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.206-209
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• 2001

This study presents the leaching characterization of heavy metals according to changes of pH by ANC test on slag produced in electric arc furnace, bottom ash produced in coal-fired plants and their recycling products. Availability test was performed to assess the fraction of the total concentration that under worst environmental conditions could become available for leaching. TCLP, KLT(Korea Leaching Test) and KLTS(Korea Leaching Test of Soil contamination) were carried out to compare the leaching capacity and to estimate the adequacy of regulatory leaching test. Results from regulatory leaching tests could be misleading because the variable ANC of wastes can lead to very different final leachate pHs. The final pH of the regulatory test is not the ambient pH in the disposal environment, the actual solubilities of contaminants in the field may be entirely different from those predicted by these regulatory tests. Leaching behaviour of by-products was changed by recycling processes, therefore acid neutralization capacity and availability of new products, not leaching concentration by one batch regulatory test, are necessary to determine the method of recycling.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2010

The stone-dust is an unavoidable by-product of aggregate production, which is produced about 0.8~1.0 million $m^3$ annually. The stone-dust is currently regarded as a hazard material on environment because it is classified as an industrial waste in the Waste Management Law of Korea. At present, the stone-dust is considered as a environmentally hazardous material, and is classified as an industrial waste according to the Waste Management Law of Korea. In this study, we assessed the heavy-metal contamination of the stone-dust on surrounding environments by various leaching tests. Leaching experiments (such as Korea Standard Leaching Procedure (KSLP), Soil Environment Preservation Act of Korea (SEPAK), Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP)) show that very low heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg) and CN are leached out, or much less than each regulatory thresholds. The resuts of the leaching test with time in acidic solution (initial pH 5 and 3) indicate that pH-buffering minerals are present in the stone-dust. These results suggest that the stone-dust can not potentially affect adverse impact on surrounding environments such as surface water, groundwater and soil etc..

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.379-386
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• 1995

합성 Pyrethroid계 pennethrin[3-phenoxybenzyl(1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyI)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate]은 直接接觸 殺蟲劑로서, 哺乳動物에는 매우 底毒性이므 로 使用훌이 增加되고 있다. 따라서 土훌中 pennethrin의 動態를 豫願할 必要가 있다. Permethrin을 GC-ECD로 分析하였으며, cis-pennethrin은 32.5%였고 trans-pennethrin은 67.4%였다. Commerce silty clay loam 土壤에서 Koc값은 CIS 및 trans-pennethrin이 각각 938 및 877였다. 土壤 컬럼$(5.4 cm i.d. \times 26 cm length)$을 利用한 溶脫實廣올 하였다. 3배의 pore 부피에 해당하는 물로 cis-pennethrin올 浸出할 경우, 處理된 土壞層에 74.00%였고 6.10%만 아래충으로 移動되었으며,0.07%의 澈훌만 漫出水로 浸出되었다. Pennethrin은 土황에 강하게 吸훌되기 때문에, 土壤 column에서의 漫出量도 매우 적었다. 따라서 自然系에서의 漫出(Leaching) 및 유거(Runoff)농도는 매우 낮을 것으로 據測된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.125-130
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• 2004

This study has been assessed the influence of applying sewage sludge to soil amendments on the sorption properties, and leaching potential of three commonly used organophosphorus pesticides, Diazinon, Fenitrothion, and Chlorpyrifos. A sandy soil with a low content of organic carbon was treated with sewage sludge with a ratio sandy soil : sludge ratio of 30:1. The sorption was determined with the batch equilibrium technique. The sorption isotherms could be described by Freundlich equation. The Freundlich constant, K value which measures sorption capacity, were 3.97, 9.94, 22.48 for Diazinon, Fenitrothion, Chlorpyrifos in non-amended soil. But in amended soil, K value was 12.58, 28.47, and 61.21 for Diazinon, Fenitrothion, and Chlorpyrifos. The overall effect of sewage sludge addition to soil was to increase pesticides adsorption, due to the high sorption capacity of the organic matter. The effect of sludge on tile leaching of pesticides in the soil was studied using packed soil columns. Total recoveries of pesticides in soil and leachate with leaching in soil column, were in the range of about 73～84%, was reduced with the passage of time. Diazinon moved more rapidly than Chlorpyrifos in the unamended soil due to greater sorption and lower water solubility of Chlorpyrifos. Total amounts of pesticides leached from the sewage sludge amended soils were significantly reduced when compared with unamended soils. This reduction may be mainly due to and increase in sorption in amended soils, as a consequence of the increase in the organic matter content.