• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1973

Soil humic substances are defined as a humified part of the soil organic matters and regarded to play beneficial roles for colloid chemical properties and the fertility of the soils. This paper is referred to review the present trend of the studies on the forming processes of humic substances and on the effect on plant metabolism by some organic compounds that are directly absorbed by plants. It is generally considered that the humic substances are formed organic matters in soil or plant materials through numerous organic or biochemical processes. However, the nature of the constituting "core" and of attachment of carbohydrate, nitrogen containing compounds like protein, phenolic compounds and metals to the core are unclear though various models are suggested. It is reviewed that some organic compounds, phenclic acids, derived from humic substances are effective on plant metablism in many cases, although the mechanisms are remained to be clarified.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.191-194
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• 2002

Humic acid, fulvic acid and humin present in volcanic ash soil were isolated by IHSS standard procedure and their characteristics were analyzed as a basic study to evaluate the effect of humic substances on the behaviour of pollutants in contaminated surface soil. The volcanic ash soil contained 42.1 % of total organic matter based on the oven-dried soil, and humin, humic and fulvic acids corresponded to 67.5 %, 15.2 %, 7.6 % of TOM respectively. Structural informations of the humic fractions were obtained from their elemental analysis and IR, CPMAS C-13 NMR spectral analysis and the differences among them are discussed with their C/H, O/C ratios and distributions of carbon types in the molecules.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1993

담수토양중 diazinon의 거동에 미치는 토양유기물의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 담수토양에 토양유기물분획인 humin, humic acid, fulvic acid 와 diazinon을 처리하여 각 부식물질의 농도별 (0.1%, 0.5% 1.0%) diazinon 1.8ppm과 5.0ppm의 흡착률을 조사한 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 1.8ppm diazinon의 흡착률은 humin > FA > HA의 순으로 많았고, 최대흡착률은 1.0% humin 첨가구에서 12.4%, 1.0% HA 첨가구에서 10.44%, 1.0% FA 첨가구에서 11.86% 이었다. 2. 5ppm diazinon의 흡착률은 1.0% humin 첨가구에서 10.21%, 1.0% HA 첨가구에서 10.4%, 1.0% FA 첨가구에서 10.64%를 보였다. 즉, diazinon의 첨가량 증가는 흡착률에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 3. 부식물질별 diazinon의 흡착경향은 humic acid와 fulvic acid에서는 4시간 이내에 최대흡착률을 보였으나, humin에서는 4시간 이후에도 계속 흡착이 이루어 졌다. 4. 부식물질의 농도가 증가함에 따라 diazinon의 흡착률도 증가하였으며, humin 처리구에서 그 경향이 가장 뚜렷하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1992

Diazinon과 부식물질인 humin, HA, FA에 대한 토양미생물의 기질 선호성을 알아보기 위하여 한정비재에 diazinon과 부식물질을 각각 처리하여 항온($30^{\circ}C{\pm}1$)으로 유지하면서 토양미생물의 균수와 MO 활성, ${\alpha}$, -${\beta}$-ES 활성을 측정하였으며, 각각의 부식물질 첨가에 따른 diazinon의 분해속도를 조사하였다. 1. 토양미생물의 균수가 부식물질 처리구에서는 초기 1일부터 급격히 증가한 반면 dizainon 처리구에서는 3일후 부터 증가하였으며, 10일후 부식물질 처리구가 diazinon 처리구보다 약 1.5배 많았다. 2. MO 활성은 부식물질 처리구에서 diazinon처리구보다 3일까지 높았으며, HA > FA > humin의 순이었다. 3. ${\alpha}$-ES와 ${\beta}$-ES 활성은 비슷한 경향이었으며, humin과 HA에서는 diazinon보다 5일이후 높았지만, FA는 diazinon과 거의 비슷한 수준이었다. 4. 부식물질을 첨가함으로써 diazinon의 분해속도는 지연되었으며, 10일후의 분해율은 humin, HA, FA 첨가구에서 각각 51.4%, 58.9%, 62.4%이었고, 무첨가구에서는 71.9%이었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.397-400
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• 2003

In this study, humic and fulvic acids in soils at the vicinity of domestic atomic power plants(NPPs), located in Yungkwang(YK), Uljin(UJ), Kori(KR), Koseong(KS), Wolseong(WS) area, and in volcanic ash soils of the Cheju island(Mt. Hanla(HL), Manjanggul(MJ)) were isolated, and characterized using chemical(elemental analysis, proton exchange capacity, molecular size distribution) and spectroscopic(UV/Vis., IR, FL, $^{13}$ C NMR spectra) methods. The results were compared with one another and compiled for their DB establishments. The humic substances distribution (humic acid, fulvic acid, Humin) in the soils were also determined by IHSS standard method. Main purpose of this study was to provide a basic data needed to evaluate the effect of humic substances on the migrational behaviour of radioactive elements in contaminated surface soil.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.208-211
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• 2001

Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs) have been used for the applications of the hydraulic containment system in landfill due to inexpensive costs, simple workability and distinguished ability as a barrier material. However, bentonite of GCLs is easy to be damaged by the chemical solutions. Thus, there is a need to evaluate the potential susceptibility of GCLs causing Increase the hydraulic conductivity when GCLs are exposed to raw leachate and dissolved humic substances from landfill leachate. The hydraulic conductivity tests were performed with flexible-wall permeameter (the falling -headwater/rising -tailwater procedure) in order to verify the potential susceptibility of GCLs. The values of the hydraulic conductivity conducted with raw leachate as a permeant liquid increased considerably; however, The change of the hydraulic conductivity in the case of humic and fulvic acid were not worthy of notice. As the results of swelling tests of bentonite, however, humic substances can affect badly on the dispersion behavior of bentonite. These results indicate that humic substances dissolved in leachate could reduce the hydraulic conductivity of GCLs in landfill.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 1988

The enzymatic properties of soil cellobiohydrolase were examined and compared with those of cellobiohydrolase-active extracts from soil in the forms of enzyme-humic complex and humicfree enzyme, and cellobiohydrolase partially pruified from Aspergillus niger. The pH optima of soil cellobiohydrolase and cellobiohydrolase-humic complex were greater by 1.5-3.0 pH units than those of cellobiohydrolase in humic-free extract and from A. niger. Soil cellobiohydrolase and cellobiohydrolase-humic complex were remarkably resistant to thermal denaturation and proteolysis. These results confirm that cellobiohydrolase in soil is atable in conditions which rapidly inactivate microbial cellobiohydrolase and that its stability is due to the immobilization of this enzyme by association with humic substances. The Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) for soil, cellobiohydrolase-humic complex, humic free extract and cellobiohydrolase from A. niger were 22.1mg/ml, 11.3mg/ml, 10.6mg/ml and 4.5 mg/ml of Avicel, respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.257-260
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• 1976

부식산(腐植酸)이 식물생장(植物生長)에 있어 고염 피해(被害)에 미치는 영향을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 옥수수 및 조류(藻類)를 사용(使用)한 영양액 재배시험(栽培試驗) 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 옥수수에 있어서는 소량이 부식산(腐植酸)(탄소(炭素)로 5ppm)처리(處理)가 고염에 의(依)한 생육피해(生育被害)를 현저히 저하 시켰으며 2) 조류(藻類)에 있어서도 소량의 부식산(腐植酸)(20ppm) 처리가 고염(高鹽)에 의(依)한 피해(被害)를 현저히 저하 시켰으나 부식산처리의 농도간(濃度間)에는 큰 차이가 없었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1266-1270
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• 2004

Humic substances include several biological active and inactive compounds that are commonly used for improving soil fertility. Use of humic substances in swine diets is a novel concept. Humic substances contain 8,700 mg/kg of iron but its bioavailability is unknown. This study was conducted to test the bioavailability of iron in humic substances for nursery pigs. One hundred twenty five pigs (Newsham, Colorado Springs, CO) were not given supplemental iron while nursing for 21 d. Pigs were weaned on d 21 and allotted to one of five treatments (four control treatments with different levels of supplemented iron; 0, 30, 70 and 88 mg/kg from ${FeSO}_4$ and one treatment with 70 mg/kg iron from humic substances). Pigs were fed diets for 5 wk ad libitum and water was accessible freely. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly. Blood samples were taken from pigs on d 28 to measure the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration. Pigs fed a diet with the humic substances grew faster (p<0.05) during the first week postweaning, but performance was not different during the entire 5 wk period. Feed intake and gain/feed were the same among treatments. The slope ratio technique was used to estimate relative iron bioavailability. The concentration of blood hemoglobin did not respond to dietary iron levels using this model. However, the number of red blood cells (106/$\mu$l) was modeled by 4.438+0.017${\times}$ 'ron (mg/kg) from ${FeSO}_4$'0.012${\times}$'ron (mg/kg) from the humic substances' Based on the comparison between the slopes (0.012 from humic substances and 0.017 from ${FeSO}_4$), iron in humic substances was 71% as available as the iron in ${FeSO}_4$. The slopes for dietary feed intake of ${FeSO}_4$ and the iron in humic substances did not differ (p>0.05). Humic substances can replace ${FeSO}_4$ as an alternative iron source for pigs at 71% relative bioavailability.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2003

Various forest humic substances were collected at different climate regions with different forest types, and adsorption of heavy metals such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) were characteristically conducted to obtain optimal adsorption conditions and to evaluate the removal efficiency of heavy metals by each forest humic substance. The adsorption isotherms for Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) conformed to Langmuir's equation. In the stirred reactor, the removal efficiencies of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) by forest humic substances were more than 90% but that of Cr(III) was less than 60%. The adsorption capacities of heavy metals in the stirred reactor were considerably varied depending on the type of forest humic substances. Among humic substances, the one from deciduous forest at subtropical region showed the highest removal efficiency for Cu(II). There was no significant difference in removal efficiency by each heavy metal depending on reaction temperature ranged from 20 to 50oC except for Cr(III), and the adsorptions of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) were occurred rapidly in the incipient stage within 10 min, while Cr(III) needed more reaction time to be adsorbed. The stirred and packed bed column reactors showed similar adsorption characteristics of heavy metals by humic substances, but the removal efficiency was considerably higher in the packed bed column reactor than in the stirred reactor. Therefore, in actual operation process, a continuous packed bed column reactor was more economical.