• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.197-199
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• 1991

Growth of ginseng and physical properties of soil were compared with bed height in experimental plots of sand loam for four year and clay loam soil for three year old ginseng plants, respectively. Field survey was also carried out to compare yield and soil physical properties with bed height in the same fold of six years old ginseng fields. High yield of ginseng root was observed at high bed both in the experimental plots and field survey as well. The rate of rusty root was significantly reduced at high bed. Soil porosity increased but soil hardness decreased at high bed.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제21권1_4호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1978

The results of the relationship between standing crop of Miscanthus sinensis grassland and soil morphological characteristics are as follows. The Miscanthus sinensis grassland seems to grow well in volcainc ash soil. The depth of A layer was closely related to the standing crop of the Miscanthus sinensis grassland. The root systems of Miscanthus sinensis reached to its maximum in A layer. The root systems of Miscanthus sinensis showed its maximum at 20mm and below(soil hardness). The soil texture of A layer showed SL-SiL. The soil structure of A layer contained Massive-Small Granular. The soil colors of A layer expressed Dark Yellowish Orange-Brownish Black.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.782-788
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• 2010

Detail management standard on soil conditions in 'Kyoho' grapes were not yet made. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the optimum soil environmental conditions on production of high fruit quality in 'Kyoho' grapes. We established using correlation between fruit quality and soil condition. These results were used to develop soil management guideline with promoting efficiency and minuteness in grape vineyard. Soil conditions were analyzed at total 80 vineyards in major grape producing areas such as Ansung, and Cheonan (40 orchards an area). The soil environmental factors affected fruit weight were soil pH of 36.6%, cultivation layer depth of 23.3%, and cation of 17.8%. The soil condition factors affected sugar content were soil hardness of 24.4%, cation of 24.1% and organic matter content of 22.1%. Cultivation layer depth, soil texture, and phosphate content were low as relative contribution. Coloring was involved with organic matter content, CEC (cation exchange capacity), and saturated hydraulic conductivity. while soil pH, cultivation layer depth, and phosphate content showed low contribution. Finally, relative contribution on fruit quality related with sugar content, fruit weight, and coloring were soil hardness of 28.0%, organic matter content of 25.0%, soil pH of 12.9%.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 1998

To investigate the restoration progression on soil physical properties and vegetation at the surface of logging road affected by timber harvesting operation. This study was carried out at logging roads constructed from 1989 to 1994 in Mt. Baekwoon, Kwangyang, Chollanam-do. Judging from the analysis of soil hardness, there were significant changes in the depth of soil between 5 and 10cm. Soil hardness was recovered from the compacted condition to the natural forest condition after 9 years passed. Soil macroporous ratio (pF2.7) of topsoil was higher than that of deep soil. Soil moisture retention of topsoil was more improved than that of deep soil. From the view of soil bulk density, the necessary time for recovering to the undisturbed condition of forest soil was about 10 years in the logging road left. Soil physical properties such as soil bulk density and porous ratio were recovered as time passed. Improved soil physical properties promoted the plant recovery on the logging road surface. The dominant species on the logging roads were Comus kousa, Prunus sargentii as overstory species, Rubus crataegifolius, Lespedeza bicolor as understory species, and Saussurea gracilis, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum as herbaceous species. The plant recovery of bank-slopes was faster than that of cut-slopes and road surface. In progress of year, average plant coverage were 70 to 90% in cut- and bank-slopes and 30 to 60% on the logging road, surface which was elapsed 9 years after logging road construction. Therefore, additional planting and seeding work could be effective to the soil condition and vegetation restoration.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2009

'Campbell Early', a major grape cultivar, occupies more than 70% of cultivated vineyard areas, however, recommendable standard management system of soil environmental conditions has not been developed yet in Korea. The consideration for the correlation between fruit quality and soil condition in the vineyard is required in the efficient management system of soil. This study was carried out to investigate the optimum soil environmental conditions for 'Campbell Early' grape production with high quality. The results from analyses of correlation between them were used to develop soil management guideline for promoting efficiency in grape production. Soil properties were analyzed from 120 vineyards in Hawsung, Sangju, Yeongdong, Gimcheon, Yeongju, and Yeongwol, major grape production regions. Because there is neither coloring disorder nor delayed coloration in grape production of 'Campbell Early', relative contribution of soil hardness and solid phase to fruit quality and fruit weight was analyzed. Among the soil properties, while cation and soil hardness affected sugar content at the level of 39.3% and 36.8%, respectively, saturated hydraulic conductivity, solid phase, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) showed relatively low contribution to sugar content in the vineyard. The sugar content in grapes was influenced more critically by the chemical properties than the physical ones in the soil of vineyards. While soil hardness and solid phase affected grape weight at the level of 27.8% and 26.0%, respectively, phosphate content, organic matter content, and cation showed low contribution to grape weight. Grape guality such as sugar content and grape weight was affected highly by cation and organic matters. Therefore, cation and organic matter content of soil contributed to fruit quality at the level of 33.8% and 15.5%, respectively, in the vineyard.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제20권
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• pp.39-47
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• 2002

This study was carried out in order to produce useful material for the forest multiple use and forest protection by soil physico-chemical analysis of studied area in Mt. Palgong. The results of soil physico-chemical analysis and statistical analysis represented as following 2 points. 1. Soil depth was in the range of average 61.1 cm and soil texture was loamy sand and sandy loam except Donghwasa area. The part of solid phase and gaseous phase were higher than other areas, but liquid phase was less in verse. Soil water content was in an average 49.5%, penetrability was average $1.95{\times}E^{-2}cm/sec$ and the average of soil hardness was $1.64Kg/cm^2$. This data showed that soil water content, penetrability and soil hardness were good at Mt. Palgong forest soils. 2. Soil pH was the range of 3.4 to 6.0, organic carbon content was 2.8% that is nearly mean of the Korea brown forest soils, total N content is somewhat smaller than that of other places, and total average C/N ratios was 13.9. Average available $P_2O_5$ concentration was 5.05 mg/kg that is lower than that of any others. The concentration of available P of coniferous forests is higher than that of deciduous forests. Exchangeable cations content is similar to those of the Korea brown forest soil and the order of the cation content extent is $Ca^{2+}$ > $Mg^{2+}$ > $Na^+$ > $K^+$.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 1978

경운장치(耕耘裝置)의 재량(改良)과 새로운 경운장치(耕耘裝置)의 설계(設計)를 위(爲)한 실험(實驗)을 실내(室內)에서 실시(實施)하기 위하여 Soil bin과 자연토양(自然土壤)과 유사(類似)한 39.35%의 bentonite, 48.10의 모래 및 12.55%의 SAE 10W oil을 사용한 인공토양(人工土壤)을 제조(製造)하였으며 경운실험(耕耘實驗)을 위(爲)한 인공토양(人工土壤)의 물리적(物理的)인 특성(特性)을 구명(究明)하기 위해 전압회수(轉壓回數), 전압속도등(轉壓速度等)을 변화(變化)시켜 가면서 인공토양(人工土壤)의 절대경도(絶對硬度), 밀도(密度), 인공토양(人工土壤)과 철판(鐵板) 및 고무판(板) 및 고무판(板)의 동마찰계수(動摩擦係數)를 측정(測定)하였으며 인공토양(人工土壤)의 밀도변화(密度變化)에 따른 점착력(粘着力)과 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)의 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 전압회수(轉壓回數)가 증가(增加)할수록 밀도(密度)는 증가(增加)하였으며 그 관계식(關係式)은 다음과 같다. $y=1.073200+0.070780x-0.002263x^2$ 여기서, y : 밀도(密度)($g/cm^3$) x : 전압회수(轉壓回數) 전압속도(轉壓速度) 4.5~10.4 cm/sec의 범위(範圍)에서 전압속도(轉壓速度)는 밀도(密度)에 큰 영향(影響)을 주지 않았다. 2. 토양절대경도(土壤絶對硬度)는 전압속도(轉壓速度) 4.5~10.4cm/sec의 변화(變化)에 거의 영향(影響)을 받지 않았으며 토양절대경도(土壤絶對硬度)(y)는 전압회수(轉壓回數)(x)의 증가(增加)에 대(對)하여 곡선적(曲線的)으로 증가(增加)하였는데 그들 관계식(關係式)은 다음과 같다. $y=37.74{\frac{(0.64 +0.17x-0.0054x^2}{(3.36-0.17x-0.0054x^2)^3}}$ 3. 밀도(密度)(Bulk density : y($g/cm^3$))와 토양절대경도(土壤絶對硬度)(absolute soil hardness : x($kg/cm^3$))의 관계식(關係式)은 다음과 같다. $y=37.74{\frac{2.46x-2.02}{(6.02-2.46x)^3}$ 4. 밀도(密度)의 변화(變化)는 점착력(粘着力)과 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)에 영향(影響)을 주는데 밀도(密度)가 1.60~1.75에서 함수비(含水比) 29.5%인 자연토양(自然土壤)의 사질(砂質)loam과 유사(類似)한 값을 나타내었다. 5. 동마찰계수(動摩擦係數)는 철판(鐵板)의 경우 0.3~0.4, 고무판(板)의 경우 0.64~0.72로 나타났으며 자연토양(自然土壤)에서의 값과 유사(類似)하다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a pipe type soil sampler that can easily collect soil cross section servey and soil samples to conduct ecological environment surveys while minimizing ecological disturbance in the area subject to soil survey. Furthermore, this study develop the exponential type estimation specific weight formula (ESWF) that uses pipe type soil sampler to easily carry out soil cross section survey and soil sample while estimating the specific weight of the area using water content and soil sample length variation ratio (SLVRs) and to obtain apparent specific gravity, hardness, and max. porosity which are used as growth of corps and ecological environment index. The calibration results of ESWF showed a high degree of significance, with NSE for actual specific weight (γ₀) and calibration estimation specific weight (γ_ec) 0.95, R² for 0.954, and RMSE for 0.051. The verification results of ESWF showed a high significance, with NSE for actual specific weight (γ₀) and verification estimation specific weight (γ_ev) 0.881, R² for 0.978, and RMSE for 0.055.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2004

On the basis of design theory of soil inversion, two types of moldboard plow with secondary soil mover was designed and constructed to invert furrow slice at same position with furrow bottom. A series of soil bin experiment was carried to investigate the performance of prototypes. First prototype of new concept plow showed two kinds of problems during the preliminary experiment. For the plowing depth of 6cut the prototype did not invert the furrow slice, instead it just cut furrow bottom and the furrow slice returned to the original position. For the plowing depth of 8cm, there was soil clogging problem at the rear part of plow. From the above results it was concluded that the first prototype can not be used for the inversion of furrow slice at same position with furrow bottom. Second prototype could invert furrow slice at the same position with furrow bottom, but the performance was affected by soil moisture content soil hardness and plowing speed very much. For the higher soil moisture content, for the higher soil hardness and higher plowing speed, the prototype showed higher soil inversion performance. For the second prototype the inversion ratio was almost 100%, inversion angle was in the range of 90 to 100 degree and side displacement was less than 4 cm. But the furrow slice was not continuous, it was cut in the length of 30 to 40 cm. The reason why the furrow slice was cut in that length is blamed for the design of moldboard surface. The specific draft of prototype was in the range of 37.24 kN/㎡ to 42.14 kN/㎡ this value is a little higher than that of the conventional plow, or from 30.38 kN/㎡ to 33.32 kN/㎡. But the difference was not so big. The inversion performance of the second prototype for the field experiment was much better than that of soil bin experiment due to the better soil and operational conditions. Sticky and compacted soil conditions, and higher plowing speed was suitable for the plowing operation of the second prototype

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.126-130
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• 1983

토양의 물리적(物理的) 특성(特性)이 작물(作物)의 뿌리 발달에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 배수등급(排水等級), 토성조건(土性條件)이 상이(相異)한 대맥포장에서 토양물리성과 층위별(層位別) 뿌리 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 배수(排水)가 양호(良好)할수록 총뿌리량은 증가(增加)되고 깊게 분포(分布)하였으며 동일(同一)한 배수등급(排水等級)에서는 토양이 세립질(細粒質)일수록 총뿌리량이 많은 경향(傾向)이었다. 2. 토양의 경도(硬度)는 가비중과 밀접(密接)한 관계가 있었으며 토성(土性)이 세립질(細粒質)일수록 유의성(有意性)이 높았다. < 식토(埴土) ($r=0.837^{**}$), 식양토($r=0.678^*$), 사양토($r=0.654^*$) > 3. 심토(深土)의 가비중과 뿌리량과는 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)있는 부(負)의 상관($r=-0,846^{**}$)이 있었으며 가비중이 $1.4g/cm^3$이상(以上) 되면 대맥 뿌리 발달은 현저(顯著)히 떨어졌다. 4. 심토(深土)의 가비중은 배수(排水)가 불량(不良)하고 토성(土性)이 조립질(組粒質) 일수록 감소(減少)되었으며 특(特)히 배수(排水)가 약간불량(若干不良)한 경우(境遇)와 약간(若干) 양호(良好)한 식토(埴土)에서는 기상이 20% 미만(未滿)으로 작물(作物) 생육(生育)이 불량(不良)하였다. 5. 대맥의 뿌리 신장(伸長)에는 표토(表土)는 경도(硬度), 토심(土深) 10~30cm는 가비중과 기상, 30~50cm는 기상의 영향(影響)이 컸다.