• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 1987

Relationships between soil factors and the growth of annual ring of Pinus densiflora grown on stony mountain were investigated at two sites of the different parent rocks: the one was formed by granite at Mt. Gwanag, Seoul and the other feldspar porphyry at Mt. Bipa, Daegu. The growth of annual ring was influenced by the physical factors of soil, such as soil depth, field caacity and water content of soil, rather than by the KDICical factors, such as total nitrogen, potassium, and calcium of soil. Of the soil factors affecting the growth of annual ring, soil depth, field capacity, water content of soil and organic matter closely interrelated with each other. All of these factors influenced water content of soil which might affect the water potential of Pinus densiflora leaves. In fact, the leaf water potential, affecting as the main factor for the growth of annual ring, of the pine grown in a deep soil was higher than that of the pine in a shallow soil.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2016

Environmental impact assessment has been implemented for more than 30 years in Korea. During that period, various amendments were carried out about target plan and assessment factors. However, in current environmental impact assessment act, only a few factors has been considered for soil environment assessment. This study analyzes the national and foreign environmental impact assessment guidelines on soil related factors and figures out the problems and implications of Korean environmental impact assessment. In Korea, water quality, topography and geology, hydraulics and hydrology, and soil contamination were analyzed as a soil related factors. The main assessment targets were pollution related factors such as soil pollution levels, amount of rainfall runoff, and non-point sources. However, in the case of foreign guidelines, soil compaction, soil sealing, and soil salinization is being analyzed for evaluating function and quality of soil environment. The revision of soil-related factors are needed for sustainable development of Korea.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.365-378
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• 2012

In this study, strength reduction factors are investigated for SDOF systems with period range of 0.1-3.0 s with elastoplastic behavior considering soil structure interaction for 64 different earthquake motions recorded on different site conditions such as rock, stiff soil, soft soil and very soft soil. Soil structure interacting systems are modeled and analyzed with effective period, effective damping and effective ductility values differing from fixed-base case. For inelastic time history analyses, Newmark method for step by step time integration was adapted in an in-house computer program. Results are compared with those calculated for fixed-base case. A new equation is proposed for strength reduction factor of interacting system as a function of structural period of system (T), ductility ratio (${\mu}$) and period lengthening ratio (T/T). It is concluded that soil structure interaction reduces the strength reduction factors for soft soils, therefore, using the fixed-base strength reduction factors for interacting systems lead to non-conservative design forces.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.167-167
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• 2023

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a critical component of soil health and is crucial in mitigating climate change by sequestering carbon from the atmosphere. Accurate estimation of SOC storage is essential for understanding SOC dynamics and developing effective soil management strategies. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the spatial distribution of SOC storage in South Korea, using bulk density (BD) prediction to estimate SOC stock. The study utilized data from 393 soil series collected from various land uses across South Korea established by Korea Rural Development Administration from 1968-1999. The samples were analyzed for soil properties such as soil texture, pH, and BD, and SOC stock was estimated using a predictive model based on BD. The average SOC stock in South Korea at 30 cm topsoil was 49.1 Mg/ha. The study results revealed that soil texture and land use were the most significant factors influencing the spatial distribution of SOC storage in South Korea. Forested areas had significantly higher SOC storage than other land use types. Climate variables such as temperature and precipitation had a relative influence on SOC storage. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the factors influencing the spatial distribution of SOC storage in South Korea.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.372-380
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• 2022

The external corrosion control of buried pipes can be achieved by a combination of coatings and cathodic protection to maximize effectiveness. One of the factors affecting cathodic protection is the environmental soil conditions. Because soil is a kind of electrolyte, the environmental conditions of soil may be changed by the atmospheric environment. Therefore, in this study, changes in environmental soil factors by atmospheric environmental factors were monitored. In cathodic protection, on-potential and off-potential were measured from December 2021 to July 2022. The effects of external environmental factors and soil environmental factors on cathodic protection were analyzed. Changes in outdoor temperature affected soil temperature, and soil conductivity had a proportional relationship with soil humidity, but outdoor humidity and precipitation did not significantly affect humidity and conductivity of the soil. In contrast, in cathodic protection, the on-potential was affected by temperature, humidity, the conductivity of the soil, and the anode used, but the off-potential was little affected by these factors.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 1989

This study was objected to figure out the soil microarthropod fauna in forests with different flora, and to elucidate how environmental factors affect the diversity of soil microarthropods. Relationships between the distribution density of soil microarthropods and environmental factors were correlated positively with organic matter and C/N ratio. By the calculation of the contribution coefficients, organic matter, amount of precipitation, C/N ratio, and soil moisture were found to be major environmental factors that affect the distribution of soil microarthropods.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.29-42
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• 2023

Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is suggested and employed in the policy to conserve soil resources and to manage the impact of development, since soil loss is very essential to nonpoint source pollution management. The equation requires only five factors to estimate average annual potential soil loss, USLE is simplicity provides benefits in use of the equation. However, it is also limitation of the model, since the estimated results are very sensitive to the five factors. There is a need to examine the application procedures. Three approaches to estimate potential soil loss were examined, In the first approach, all factors were prepared with raster data, soil loss were computed for each cell, and sum of all cell values was determined as soil loss for the watersheds. In the second approach, the mean values for each factor were defined as representing USLE factors, and then the five factors were multiplied to determine soil loss for the watersheds. The third approach was same as the second approach, except that the Vegetative and Mechanical measure was used instead of the Cover and management factor and Support practice factor. The approaches were applied in 38 watersheds, they displayed significant difference, moreover no trends were detected for the soil loss at watersheds with the approaches. Therefore, it was concluded that there is a need to be developed and provided a typical guideline or public systems so that soil loss estimations have consistency with the users.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.455-464
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to clarify correlations between soil environments and the growth of trees in forests and thereon analyze effects of seasonal changes in such environments on such growth. To determine seasonal factors of soil affecting the Tree Vitality of Pinus thunbergii, first of all, the study designated the Tree Vitality as a dependent variable and soil hardness, moisture, pH, K, Na, Mg and Ca as independent variables. Then the study performed Pearson's coefficient analysis. To clarify what soil factors influence the seasonal growth of Pinus thunbergii multiple regression analysis is carried out, and findings are as follow; the growth of Pinus thunbergii was basically influenced by pH, followed by soil hardness in spring, K, followed by moisture in summer, and by soil hardness in winter. However, no soil factors affected the vitality at the significance level of 5% for t.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify characteristics of domestic pine forest soils and to elucidate major soil influencing factors for natural regeneration. We analyzed the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil samples collected from 23 pine forests and confirmed the similar results with the forest soil characteristics. Soil pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, exchangeable Ca, silt content, and exchangeable Al were selected as the major soil factors among the exposed soils through 10 days of pine seedlings exposure and cultivation experiments and statistical analysis. Multiple regression analysis showed that soil pH had a positive effect on specific root length (SRL) of red pine seedlings and exchangeable Al was a significant factor affecting negative change in SRL. Taken together, the reduction of exchangeable Al by soil pH adjustment would be helpful for natural regeneration by restoring the forest and improving the fine root and root integrity of pine seedlings. Therefore, soil pH and exchangeable Al could be recommended as a major soil factor to be carefully considered in the monitoring and management of soil in pine forests that need to be renewed in the future.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2014

Chronological changes of soil organic carbon (SOC) must be prepared by IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. IPCC suggested default reference SOC stocks for mineral soils and relative stock factors for different management activities where country own factors were not prepared. 3.4 million data were downloaded from agricultural soil information system and analyzed to get chronological changes of SOC for some counties and for land use in Korea. SOC content of orchard soil was higher than the other soils but chronological SOC changes of all land use had no tendency in differences with high standard deviation. SOC contents of counties depended on their own management activities and chronological SOC changes of districts also had no tendency in differences. Thus, Korea should survey the official records and relative stock factors on management activities such as land use, tillage and input of organic matter to calculate SOC stocks correctly. Otherwise, Korea should establish a model for predicting SOC by analyzing selected representative fields and by calculating SOC differences from comparing management activities of lands with those of representative fields.