• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2015

Enlargement of street tree planting area is the proper and effective solution to reduce carbon dioxide. This solution bases on the ability of carbon storage and uptake by tree metabolism. However, the circumstance of road side has fatal disadvantages in tree metabolism such as growth and maturity because cutting and filling of roadsides cause unnatural soil composition. In this point, early rootage of street tree is the main factor of reducing carbon dioxide. This study aimed to find a appropriate transplantation planting method for sound and rapid rootage of street tree. For the study, Korean Mountain Ash(Sorbus alnifolia) were used for experimental groups. The groups were categorized by three groups such as trees produced on container with mulching treatment, trees produced in outdoor with mulching treatment, trees produced on container with weeding treatment. Each group consisted 10 trees with same size and transplanted in experimental site. Five months after transplanting, each group was estimated the biomass and carbon storage through a direct harvesting method. According to results of the study, the carbon storage of trees produced on container with mulching treatment is 42% more than trees produced in outdoor with mulching treatment. And the carbon storage of trees produced on container with mulching treatment is 19.5% more than trees produced on container with weeding treatment. These results may imply that transplantation of container produced tree with mulching treatment is the most rapid rootage among other groups. The weeding treatment is more effective than mulching treatment for rapid rootage of street trees.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 1999

Cholesterol oxidase(EC.1.1.3.6)는 cholesterol을 산화 또는 이성화시키는 효소로, 혈중 cholesterol이 측정 등의 임상진단용 시약에 이용되고 있으며, 여려종류의 미생물에서 분리, 연구되어 왔다. 현재에는 농업 및 식품 등에도 응용이 기대되고 있는 매우 유용한 효소이다. 본 실힘은 토양에서 분리한 방선균으로부터 cho1esterol oxidase생산능이 우수한 균주를 선발하여 속의 동정, 효소의 생산조건 및 효소학적 특성을 조사하였다 . 본 분리균주는 배양학적, 형태학적 생리학적 특성 및 현미경 검정을 통하여 Streptomyces sp으로 동정하였다. 본 효소의 생산조건을 조사한 결괴 탄소원으로 1% soluble starch, 질소원으로 2% corn steep liquor가 효소생산에 우수하였으며, 이들 탄소원, 질소원이의 0.1% $NaNO_3$, 0.1% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.05% $MgSO_4$가 함유된 배지를 생산 최적 배지로 사용하였다. 본 효소의 특성을 검토한 결과, 최적온도와 최적pH는 각각 $37^{\circ}C$, pH 6.5~7.5이었으며. 효소와 안정성은 온도 $30-40^{\circ}C$에사 80% 이상 활성이 유지되었으며, pH 6.0~9.0의 범위까지 안정한 것으로 나타났다. 본 효소의 등전점은 multichambered electrofocusing unit를 사용하여 측정한 결과 pH 6.0-6.5인 것으로 추정되었다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2004

A bacterial strain WJ-98 found to produce active extracellular keratinase was isolated from the soil of a poultry factory. It was identified as Paracoccus sp. based on its 16S rRNA sequence analysis, morphological and physiological characteristics. The optimal culture conditions for the production of keratinase by Paracoccus sp. WJ-98 were investigated. The optimal medium composition for keratinase production was determined to be 1.0% keratin, 0.05% urea and NaCl, 0.03% K$_2$HPO$_4$, 0.04% KH$_2$PO$_4$, and 0.01% MgCl$_2$$.$6H$_2$O. Optimal initial pH and temperature for the production of keratinase were 7.5 and 37$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The maximum keratinase production of 90 U/mL was reached after 84 h of cultivation under the optimal culturing conditions. The keratinase from Paracoccus sp. WJ-98 was partially purified from a culture broth by using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, followed by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-75. Optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme reaction were pH 6.8 and 50$^{\circ}C$, respectively and the enzymes were stable in the pH range from 6.0 to 8.0 and below 50$^{\circ}C$. The enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by EDTA, Zn$\^$2+/ and Hg$\^$2+/. Inquiry into the characteristics of keratinase production from these bacteria may yield useful agricultural feed processing applications.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2005

In this study, a microorganism-produced protease was used to improve the quality of fabrics. First, the protease-producing bacteria were isolated from soils, and one of them was selected and identified as Bacillus sp. SJ-121. The optimal medium composition for its growth and protease production was determined to be as follows: glucose 1g/L, soybean meal 0.5g/L, soy peptone 0.5, $K_2HPO_4\;0.2,\;MgSO_4\cdot7H_2O\; 0.002,\;NaCl\;0.002,\;and\;Na_2CO_3g/L$. Also, the optimal temperature for the production of the protease by Bacillus sp. SJ-121 was about $40^{\circ}C$ at pH 7. The wool and silk were treated with the protease from Bacillus sp. SJ-121. Following the protease treatment, changes in the surface of a single yarn of the fabrics were observed by both an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Changes in the K/S value of the wool and silk were measured by spectrophotometric analysis, in order to determine the amount of dye uptake in the fabrics. We also performed a tensile strength examination in order to determine the degree and nature of mechanical changes in single yarns of the wool and silk fabrics. By increasing the protease treatment time to 48 h, the dyeing characteristics of the fabrics were enhanced, and the surfaces of the single yarns of the fabrics became smoother, due to the removal of soil and scale in them. However, no mechanical changes were detected in the fabrics. Therefore, we suggest that proper treatment of the protease produced by Bacillus sp. can improve the quality of silk and wool.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2011

The composition of species for each community of Quercus by vegetation and soil survey, the community classification by TWINSPAN, the structural characteristics of communities were used and analyzed during the period of 2000~2004 for Quercus mongolica forest. And the resulting suggestions for a subsequent planting model for forest are as follows. The Quercus mongolica community had the highest importance value for Quercus mongolica followed sequentially by Acer pseudosieboldianum, Acer mono, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, and Fraxinus sieboldiana. As a result of suggesting a planting modeling for the Quercus mongolica communities in the areas with the warmth index of both $60.90{\sim}79.79^{\circ}C$ and $53.96{\sim}64.82^{\circ}C$, Quercus mongolica was absolutely dominant in case of the subtree layer for the accompaniment species of distribution in the planting modeling by tree layer in the two areas depending on the warmth index, while there were distinct differences shown in case of the lower tree layer. While Acer pseudosieboldianum, Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Sorbus alnifolia, Acer mono, etc. were appeared in the subtree layer for the areas with the warmth index of $60.90{\sim}79.79^{\circ}C$. Cornus controversa, Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus sieboldiana, etc. were many appeared in the subtree layer for the areas with the warmth index of $53.96{\sim}64.82^{\circ}C$. And, when we made ecological Quercus mongolica community, subtree layer planting is different by warmth index.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 1995

Pasture composed of about 30% botanical composition of white clover (Trijolium repem L.) is desirable in its productivity and quality. To get information on maintaining its productivity in the pasture, the experiment was canied out to determine the effect of infrequent, frequent defoliation or their alternation on change of its harvest yield and growth. Individual plants of Regal, Louisiana S-1, Grasslands Huia and Aberystwyth S184 were grown in 22cm plastic pot containing a 2 : 1 : 1 soil : sand : Peat moss mixture for 27 days after transplanting 50day seedlings raised on 3cm pots, and then all their fully expanded leaves are removed. Defoliation treatments were forced every 1 (CC, frequent), 4 week (RR, infrequent) or their alternations (CR, RC) after 8 weeks from the removal. To analyze the treatment effects, plants were sampled on 0 (the removal day), 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after the removal and seperated to leaves, petioles, stolons and roots. Each harvest yield of infrequent defoliation (RR) was higher than that of frequent defoliation (CC). Their alternations (RC, CR), however, forced fluctuation of the yield according to defoliation interval. Fraction weights from their altemations showed intermediate ones of infrequent and Frequent defoliation whose weights did the similar result to their harvest yields. Fraction and total dry weights per plant, shoot/root ratio were changed by relative span of defoliation interval, which resulted from the weights of leaves and petioles, removed parts. Root and total dry weight per plant of Regal were greater than the other cultivm in infrequent defoliation interval regardless of continuous or alternations. Productivity of white clover in pasture, therefore, can be controlled by alternation of infrequent and frequent defoliation or reverse.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.232-237
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• 1994

Glutaryl 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid(GL-7-ADCA)로부터 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid(7-ADCA)를 생성하는 GL-7-ADCA acylase생산균을 자연계에서 폭넓게 검색하여 한균주를 선정하고 분리균의 형태 및 생리적 성질들을 조사하여 Alcaligenes sp.로 동정하였다. 분리균의 효소생산을 위한 배양조건을 검토한 결과 탄소원으로는 glucose, 질소원으로는 yeast extract, monosodium L-glutamate가 우수하였다. 효소의 작용최적 pH는 8.0이며, pH7.0~pH11.0 번위에서 비교적 안정하였다. 5l jar fermentor에서 배양경과를 조사한 결과 효소이 활성은 $37^{\circ}C$, 교반속도 300rpm, 통기량 1vvm 조건에서 20시간~30시간 배양시 가장 높았다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제22권
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• pp.99-108
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• 2008

본 연구는 고구려 벽화고분인 진파리 1, 4호분 벽화의 표면에서 관찰되는 백색과 흑갈색 오염물제거 방안수립을 위해 진행되었으며, 현장 적용실험을 실시하였다. 사전조사에서 금속현미경과 SEM/EDX를 이용하여 백색과 흑갈색 오염물질 시료의 관찰과 성분분석이 실시되었다. 시료에 대한 연구 결과 백색 오염물질은 $CaSO_4$ 혹은 $CaCO_3$로 흑갈색 오염물질은 황산칼슘화합물 혹은 $CaCO_3$와 토양침적물로 추정되며, 백색과 흑갈색 오염물질 제거를 위해 음이온교환수지와 Ammonium bicarbonate를 처리제로 선정하였다. 두 가지 모두 각각의 처리 대상에 대해 양호한 효과를 나타냈으며, 일부 피각형태로 고착화된 오염물질에 대해서는 물리적인 처리법의 병행이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2010

서울시가 추진해온 대규모 공원 조성 사업의 일환으로 강북지역의 생활권 공원조성을 위하여 드림랜드 부지를 거대한 녹지의 숲과 공원이 어우러진 공간으로 계획하였다. 공간 구성기법으로 채움보다는 비움의 미학을 통하여 불확실한 도시의 변화에 대응하기 위한 잠재성을 부여하였고, 경관구성을 위하여 전통적인 서울의 산악경관 요소를 도입하고 차경하여 조망축을 형성하였는데, 유려하게 펼쳐진 한폭의 산수화 같은 한 그루의 나무, 하늘과 바람, 그리고 물과 흙의 심상이 표현되고 있다. 이것은 도시화의 계획에 배제되어 왔던 자연을 중요한 고려의 대상으로 삼음으로서, 서구도시의 건축적 랜드마크와는 차별화된 우리의 산과 구릉지 모습으로 도시경관의 지배적 랜드마크를 만드는 것이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 전통의 경관개념과 한국적 공간의 유형에서 추출한 시설배치 기법과 요소를 설계에 적용하여 기존의 도시가로와 마당과 같은 공원의 공간이 전통적 위계를 가지도록 하였으며, 도시의 확장된 오픈 필드(open field)를 통하여 공간경험의 다양성과 잠재성을 추구하여 북서울꿈의숲을 설계하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the seasonal variations in the composition and emission patterns of VOC ventilated as landfill gas (LFG) from an urban municipal landfill site during the winter (2002) and summer (2003) period. The results of our study, when examined using the major aromatic VOC components as BTEX, indicated the existence of diverse characteristics in the LFG emissions of VOC. It was found that the relative extent of benzene emission showed most significant increase in the summer season, while most species underwent notable reductions. Despite the presence of certain patterns in the seasonal emissions of BTEX, the gross picture of their emission between summer and winter was not different distinctively so that the wintertime emissions exceed their summer counterparts by about three times. The observations of moderate enhancement in wintertime LFG emissions of BTEX appeared to reflect such environmental changes in the winter season as favorable conditions for LFG ventilation with reduced surface emissions due to frozen soil layers.