• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.375-380
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• 2006

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) have been emphasized due to their threats in human health. Waste incinerator emission has been emphasized as a source of EDC including polychlorinateddibenzofurans(PCDD/F) and other carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) has been used as an exposure biomarker for the PAHs. On the other hand, etheno-DNA adducts, e.g. 1, $N^6-ethenodeoxyadenosine({\varepsilon}dA)$, has been developed as an useful effective or response biomarker for carcinogenesis. Thus, I investigated association between urinary 1-OHP and ${\varepsilon}dA$ levels due to distance from an incinerator which was built more 10 years ago in the middle of a farm in P city. I designated the EDC-high and low exposed group due to distance from the incinerator, i.e. within 2.5km and $5.0{\sim}7.5km$ from the incinerator, respectively. The study subjects were age and sex-matched males and females (mean age, $61.3{\pm}9.6$ yrs; total 40 persons, male, 10; female, 10 for the each group). Urinary 1-OHP and ${\varepsilon}dA$ were analyzed with HPLC-FD and IP-HPLC-FD, respectively. As results, the distance from the incinerator was not associated with urinary 1-OHP nor ${\varepsilon}dA$ levels (p=0.43 and 0.82, respectively). On the other hand, urinary ${\varepsilon}dA$ levels were significantly higher in the hyperlipidemia group (N=10) than normal group (N=30). In conclusion, urinary 1-OHP nor ${\varepsilon}dA$ levels can not be suggested as an incinerator-related exposure nor effective biomarker. However, not only distance from the incinerator bot also systemic approaches including wind and soil contamination are required to assume exposure levels of incinerator-related EDC.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1987

수도재배환경중(水稻栽培環境中) carbofuran의 흡수(吸收), 이행(移行) 및 잔류양상(殘留樣相)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 소형수도재배구(小型水稻栽培區)를 이용(利用), carbofuran 입제(粒劑)를 2수준(水準)으로 살포(撒布)하고 시기별(時期別)로 수질(水質), 수도체(水稻體),토양(土壤) 및 수확물중(收穫物中) 잔류수준(殘留水準)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 수면살포(水面撒布)한 carbofuran 입제(粒劑)는 빠른 속도(速度)로 용출(溶出)되어 수질중(水質中) carbofuran 농도(濃度)는 처리(處理) 1일이내(日以內)에 최고치(最高値)에도 달하였다. 용출(溶出)된 carbofuran은 수도체(水稻體)로 흡수(吸收), 이행(移行)되어 처리(處理) 1∼3일(日) 후(後)에 최고치(最高値)에 도달하였으며 그 이후(以後) 완만한 감소(減少) 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 수질중(水質中) carbofuran의 반감기(半減期)는 4일(日)이었고 토양중(土壤中)에서의 반감기(半減期)는 처리수준(處理水準)에 따라 8∼12일(日)이었다. 수확물중(收穫物中) carbofuran 잔류량(殘留量)은 현미(玄米)의 경우 0.01∼0.02ppm이었으며 볏짚에서는 0.37∼0.07ppm의 범위(範圍)였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1993

논에 발생(發生)하는 주요(主要) 조류(藻類)의 번식(繁殖)에 미치는 시비(施肥) 및 염분농도(鹽分濃度)의 영향(影響)과 약제방제법(藥劑防除法)을 구명(究明)하기 위한 시험(試驗)을 1991년 수행하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 남조류(籃藻類)인 흔들말(Oscillatoria)의 발생량(發生量)은 질소비료(窒素肥料)의 증시(增施)에 따라 증가(增加)하였고 녹조류(綠藻類)인 그물말(Hydrodictyon)의 발생량(發生量)은 인산비료(燐酸肥料)의 증시(增施)에 따라 증가(增加)하였다. 2. 그물말은 질소비료(窒素肥料)에 극(極)히 민감(敏感)하여 질소비료(窒素肥料)의 증시(增施)에 따라 민감장해(敏感障害)를 일으켰다. 3. 유그레나도 다량(多量)의 질소비료(窒素肥料) 시용(施用)으로 번식장해(繁殖障害)를 보였으나 그물말에 비(比)하여 민감(敏感)하지는 않았다. 4. 흔들말, 클라도포라 및 깃돌말(Navicula)은 내염성(耐鹽性)을 보였다. 5. Piperophos/dirnethametryn은 정체성(靜滯性) 녹조류(綠藻類)인 그물말과 부유성(浮遊性) 단세포(單細胞) 녹조류(綠藻類) 및 유그레나의 방제(防除)에 효과(效果)가 높았고 propineb와 류산동(硫酸銅)도 그물말에 대(對)하여 높은 방제효과(防除效果)가 인정(認定)되었다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.165-173
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• 1986

토양추출물, 인삼삼출물과 용액이 Pseudomonas sp. P. fluorescens 및 Erwinia carotovora에 미치는 화학주성은 토양추출물처리, 삼출물 및 용액은 증류수 보다 이들 세균이동에 영향을 나타냈다. 고무관내 흙속으로 세균의 이동성은 P. fluorescens가 토양추출물처리 삼출물에서 주성을 나타냈으나, P. sp 와 E. caotovora는 주성이 없었다. 세균주성에 미치는 진균의 삼출액은 이동에 영향력을 나타내지 못하였다. 고무관내 흙을 진균으로 접종한 후에 세균의 주성은 Pseudomonas sp. 에서는 주성이 나타나지 않았으나, P. fluorescens와 E. carotovora는 F. solani, F. oxysporum 및 혼합균처리에서는 주성이 나타났다. Alternaria panax는 이들 세균에 대해 주성이 없었으나, E. carotovora는 A. panax에 대해 주성이 있었다. 토양유기물함량은 김포, 강화의 나병지와 건전지에는 낮았고, K함량은 김포의 건전지에 높았다. 세균분포는 괴산의 나병 및 건전지와 강화건전지에 진균은 금산 괴산의 나병 및 건전지에 많이 분포되었다. 방선균은 괴산건전지에 특히 많이 분포하였고 다음이 풍기나병지였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2016

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the soil fertility about plastic film house, upland, and orchard in Gyeongbuk Province, Korea. The surface chemical properties of soil samples were investigated every 4 year from 2000 year at upland, 2001 year at orchard, and 2002 year at plastic film house. During 12 year's monitoring, mean soil pH was increased by 0.7 and 0.8 pH unit from pH 5.7 in upland and orchard, respectively, 0.5 pH unit from pH 6.5 in plastic film house. About 50% of all the field samples occupied within the recommended pH range (pH 6-7). Although soil organic matter (SOM) was gradually increased by about $10g\;kg^{-1}$ for 12 years, 40% of orchard, 49% of plastic film house, and 77% of upland soil samples were still below the 3% SOM. The mean concentration of available phosphate for 12 years in upland, orchard, and plastic film house were 530, 600, and $760mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The relative frequencies exceeding the recommended available phosphate range ($300-550mg\;kg^{-1}$) were 43%, 53%, and 66% at upland, orchard, and plastic film house soils, respectively. $NH_4OAc$ exchangeable $K^+$ of upland, orchard, and plastic film house in the last soil test were 0.8, 0.9, and $1.6cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The relative frequencies above the recommended K level were 56% and 70% of orchard and plastic film house soil samples, respectively. The levels of crop nutrients except exchangeable Ca and Mg in upland soil were tended to increase gradually in the three fields. Exchangeable Mg, EC, available phosphate, organic matter and soil pH could be used as principle components to differentiate the chemical properties of three land fields. This analysis revealed that the soil fertility was affected by cropping method and field management, although additional research is needed to assess the importance of management on soil chemical properties and many fields indicate an opportunity for improvement in fertilizer management.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.607-612
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• 2013

토양 생태위해성평가는 식물류, 지렁이류, 선충류, 곤충류 등 일부 영양 단계에 국한된 토양독성자료를 활용하고 있다. 토양독성자료의 생물종 확대를 위해 토양 환경에서의 주요 생산자인 조류가 우선적으로 고려되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 토양 관련 조류독성 연구동향을 분석하기 위해 국제 학술 논문을 대상으로 토양 관련 시험종, 노출매체 등에 초점을 맞춰 연구 사례를 수집하였으며, 시험매체, 시험종, 시험물질, 시험방법 등의 특성 중심으로 분석하였다. 현재까지 토양 관련 조류독성 연구에 사용된 생물종은 8종(Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus bijugatus, Chlorococcum infusionum, Scenedesmus subspicatus, Nostoc linckia, Synechococcus elongatus, and Chlorococcum sp.)으로 제한적이고, 독성 종말점은 세포계수나 광합성 색소 측정에 국한되어 있다. 또한 노출매체는 액체배지, 토양추출액(soil extract), 토양공극수(porewater), 한천배지, 토양 등 총 5종으로, 액체배지와 토양추출액이 대부분을 차지하며, 토양에서 분리된 조류를 이용하거나 토양 추출액을 이용하는 연구가 대부분이라 토양 매체에서의 직접적인 연구는 미비하다. 따라서 토양 오염으로 인한 생태계 건강성 저하를 방지하기 위하여 필요한 생태위해성평가는 토양 매체에서의 전반적인 종 민감도 분포 파악이 선행되어야 하므로, 토양 관련 조류 시험종 및 종말점 개발이 필요하다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.38-45
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• 1998

Soil and water contamination caused by the abundant use of agricultural chemicals including herbicides and fertilizers draws public concerns since these chemicals may pollute the agricultural lands as well as the food products grown on these lands. As a method to reduce the use of agricultural chemicals mulching with thin plastic film has been commonly practised for many years. Although use of the plastic film for mulching is very effective in preventing the growth of weed, it is almost impossible to remove all of the plastic film from the agricultural land and the remaining film eventually contaminates the soils. Therefore, it is very imperative to develop a mulching material that decomposes completely to prevent soil pollution problems and to enhance the competitive edge of domestic agriculture. Mulch papers are believed to have many positive characteristics in preventing problems caused by the plastic mulch film since it decomposes completely after use. However, the basis weight of mulch papers needs to be reduced to improve its handling properties and to reduce the raw material costs of pulps. In this paper the possibilities of using domestic old corrugated containers in producing mulch papers were examined. Also use of unbleached softwood kraft pulps and dry strength additives were exploited along with two-layered sheet forming technology in decreasing the basis weight of the mulch paper. Results showed that reduction of 20g/$m^2$ of basis weight of mulch paper was possible by the appropriate raw material selection and application of strength resin. To use the mulch papers in paddy fields, however, further research to improve its durability should be pursued.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

In spite water direct seeding cultivation of rice has advantages in terms of laborsaving and cost-down, it demonstrates uneven seedling establishment and difficult weed management. To select an applicable mat for mulching system of water seeded rice, weed occurrence, growth and yield performances of rice, and soil temperature were evaluated in several kinds of biodegradable mulching material. Field studies were conducted at the experimental farm of National Crop Experiment Station in 1999 and 2000. Among the mats tested in 1999, Safer-mat had the greatest effect on inhibiting weed occurrence and Lawn-mat demonstrated the least efficacy of weed control (EWC) value. In Safer-mat treatment, Ludwigia prostrata was the dominant weed species but Echinochloa crus-galli was not observed. Different kinds of mulching material from the mats studied in 1999 were tested in 2000. Biodegradable polyester (PES) coated on the recycled paper for newspaper press (RP) treatments showed similar or higher EWC values than non-mulched broadcast seed rice with 2 times of herbicide application (BC-herbicide) and Safer-mat that was the most effective mat on preventing weed appearance in 1999. Immediately after mat mulching on the surface of paddy soil, five pregerminated rice seeds were manually sown in each 3cm-hole formerly punctured at 30${\times}$14 cm spacing in 2000. All the 3 kinds of mulching material tested in 2000 had better seedling stand than BC-herbicide treatment. Rice yield in PES coated with 10 thickness on RP (PES10 $\mu\textrm{m}$＋RP) was a little higher than in BC-herbicide treatment but the former produced less panicles in unit land area than the latter. PES10 $\mu\textrm{m}$＋RP demonstrated a great effect on raising soil surface temperature than non-mulching treatment throughout the period of seedling establishment.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2014

'부유' 단감과수원에 적합한 녹비작물을 선발하기 위하여 헤어리베치, 레드클로버, 호밀, 헤어리베치+호밀을 파종하여 토양화학성과 물리성 그리고 과실수량과 품질을 조사하였다. 천근성인 레드클로버는 생육이 저조하여 피복도가 약 66%로 처리구에서 가장 낮았고 호밀 또는 헤어리베치+호밀 혼파처리구의 토양환원량이 가장 높았다. 식물체에서 환원되는 질소, 인산, 칼리 함량이 헤어리베치+호밀처리구 혼파처리구에서 가장 높아 토양의 유기물과 pH, 인산, 칼리, 칼슘과 전기전도도가 증가하였다. 토양의 용적밀도와 고상이 호밀 또는 헤어리베치+호밀처리구에서 감소되어 기상의 증가로 인한 공극률이 증가되었다. 헤어리베치+호밀처리에서 과실의 착과수와 수량이 가장 높았으며, 과실의 당도와 착색이 증가되는 효과가 인정되어 녹비작물로서 단감과원에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.355-366
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• 2023

Biological corrosion, a crucial aspect of metal degradation, has received limited attention despite its significance. It involves the deterioration of metals due to corrosion processes influenced by living organisms, including bacteria. Soil represents a substantial threat to pipeline corrosion as it contains chemical and microbial factors that cause severe damage to water, oil, and gas transmission projects. To combat fouling and corrosion, corrosion inhibitors are commonly used; however, their production often involves expensive and hazardous chemicals. Consequently, researchers are exploring natural and eco-friendly alternatives, specifically nano-sized products, as potent corrosion inhibitors. This study aims to environmentally synthesize silver nanoparticles using an extract from Lagoecia cuminoides L and evaluate their effectiveness in preventing biological corrosion of buried pipes in soil. The optimal experimental conditions were determined as follows: a volume of 4 ml for the extract, a volume of 4 ml for silver nitrate (AgNO3), pH 9, a duration of 60 minutes, and a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. Analysis using transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 28 nm, while X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited suitable peak intensities. By employing the Scherer equation, the average particle size was estimated to be around 30 nm. Furthermore, antibacterial studies revealed the potent antibacterial activity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. This property effectively mitigates the biological corrosion caused by bacteria in steel pipes buried in soil.