• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2015

흙-함수특성곡선에 대한 선행 연구결과들의 경우, 정량적으로 간극수 유출입량을 측정하여 모관흡수력에 따른 체적함수비를 산정하였다. 본 연구에서는, 압력판 추출시험기(VPPE)에 Time Domain Reflectimoetry(TDR) 측정 시스템을 도입하여 불포화토의 건조과정 및 습윤과정 진행에 따른 유전상수를 측정하여 체적함수비를 산정하고자 하였다. 압력판 추출 시험기는 압력셀, 압력조절장치, 뷰렛 시스템, TDR 프로브로 구성된다. 압력셀에 초기 간극비가 다른 두 시료를 조성한 후, 압력조절장치를 이용하여 압력셀 내부에 0.1kPa - 50kPa 범위의 공기압을 가하여 모관흡수력을 조절하였다. 그리고 뷰렛시스템을 이용하여 모관흡수력 변화에 따른 시료의 체적함수비 변화를 측정하였다. 또한, 압력셀 내부에 설치된 TDR 프로브를 이용하여 프로브 양단에서 발생되는 전자기파의 반사 신호로부터 유전상수를 산정하였다. 주문진 표준사의 체적함수비 변화에 따른 유전상수 측정에 대한 보정으로 도출한 체적함수비와 유전상수관계를 이용하여 시료의 체적함수비를 산정하였다. 실험 결과, 시료의 초기 간극비와 상관없이 TDR 프로브에 의해 산정된 체적함수비는 뷰렛 시스템을 통해 정량적으로 산정된 체적함수비와 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 건조과정 및 습윤과정 진행에 따라 동일한 모관흡수력에 대한 함수비의 차이가 존재하는 이력현상(Hysteresis)이 발생하였고, 건조과정 및 습윤과정의 반복에 따라 이력현상은 줄어들었다. 본 연구에서 적용된 전자기파의 시간영역반사법(TDR)을 통해 불포화토의 흙-함수특성곡선을 효과적으로 파악할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.85-92
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• 2003

Generally, ordinary portland cement(OPC) is widely used for grouting to reduce permeability of ground under the foundations of structures. But, it is hard to be injected into the microscopic voids, fissures and crevices in soil or rock formation for the OPC material. Therefore new method what is called MSG(Micro Silica Grouting) has been developed recently to improve the weak point of the OPC material. In this case study, in order to verify performance of the MSG's water cut-off, trial injections were performed in rear of CIP(Cast in Place Pile) on the site A(weathered soil) and B(alluvial soil) that are constructed for the subway No. 9 nowadays. To take the proper grouting method of the MSG in the trial injecting, the injections are carried out for grouting types(constant pressure or fixed Quantity) and grouting methods(1.5shot or 2.0shot) and to confirm the effects of water cut-off and the injection range of the MSG, the tests of permeability and indicator(phenolphthalein) response were performed before and after the injection. Through the tests results, we could affirm the effects of water cut-off of the MSG and the injection range for the weathered and alluvial soil layers near the Han River. Finally we could make sure the application of the MSG method in actual construction under the layers.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.145-157
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• 2023

This paper aims at investigating the face stability of large-diameter underwater shield tunnels considering seepage in soft-hard uneven strata. Using the kinematic approach of limit upper-bound analysis, the analytical solution of limit supporting pressure on the tunnel face considering seepage was obtained based on a logarithmic spiral collapsed body in uneven strata. The stability analysis method of the excavation face with different soft- and hard-stratum ratios was explored and validated. Moreover, the effects of water level and burial depth on tunnel face stability were discussed. The results show the effect of seepage on the excavation face stability can be accounted as the seepage force on the excavation face and the seepage force of pore water in instability body. When the thickness ratio of hard soil layer within the excavation face exceeds 1/6D, the interface of the soft and hard soil layer can be placed at tunnel axis during stability analysis. The reliability of the analytical solution of the limit supporting pressure is validated by numerical method and literature methods. The increase of water level causes the instability of upper soft soil layer firstly due to the higher seepage force. With the rise of burial depth, the horizontal displacement of the upper soft soil decreases and the limit supporting pressure changes little because of soil arching effect.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2010

The paper presents a comparison between a semi-implicit time integration linear finite element implementation and fully-implicit nonlinear Newton-Raphson finite element implementation of a triphasic small strain mixture formulation of an elastic partially saturated porous medium. The pore air phase pressure pa is assumed atmospheric, i.e., $p_a$ = 0, although the formulation and implementation are general to handle increase in pore air pressure as a result of loading, if needed. The solid skeleton phase is assumed linear isotropic elastic and partially saturated 'consolidation' in the presence of surface infiltration and traction is simulated. The verification of the implementation against an analytical solution for partially saturated pore water flow (no deformation) and comparison between the two implementations is presented and the important of the porosity-dependent nature of the partially saturated permeability is assessed on comparison with a commercial code for the partially saturated flow with deformation. As a result, the response of partially saturated permeability subjected to the porosity influences on the saturation of a soil, and the different behaviors of the partially saturated soil between staggered and monolithic coupled programs is worth of attention because the negative pore water pressure in the partially saturated soil depends on the difference.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the soil water characteristic curve and prediction of void ratio with net stress and matric suction using the linear elastic and volumetric deformation analysis method on unsaturated silty. The unsaturated soil tests were conducted using a modified oedometer cell and specimens were prepared at water content 2 times of liquid limit and required void ratio. The axis translation technique was used to create the desired matric suctions in the samples. It is shown that soil water characteristic curve and volumetric water content were affected significantly by preconsolidation pressure. As a matric suction increases, the reduction ratio of void ratio was shown to considerably small. Also, the predicted and measured void ratio for unsaturated soils using the linear elastic and volumetric deformation analysis showed good agreement as net stress and matric suction increases.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.295-302
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• 2000

Earthquakes not only produce additional load on the structures and underlying soil, but also change the strength characteristics of the soil. Therefore, in order to analyze soil structures for stability, the behaviour after earthquake must be considered. In this paper, a series of cyclic triaxial tests and monotonic triaxial tests were carried out to investigate the undrained shear strength and liquefaction strength characteristics of Nak-Dong River sand soils which were subjected to cyclic loading. The sample was consolidated in the first stage and then subjected to stress controlled cyclic loading with 0.1Hz. After the cyclic loading, the cyclic-induced excess pore water pressure was dissipated by opening the drainage valve and the sample was reconsolidated to the initial effective mean principal stress(p/sub c/'). After reconsolidation, the monotonic loading or cyclic loading were applied to the specimen. In the results, the undrained shear strength and liquefaction strength characteristics depended on the pore pressure ratio(Ur=U/p/sub c/'). The volume change following reconsolidation can be a function of cyclic-induced excess pore water pressure and the maximum double amplitude of axial strain.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2003

본 연구는 풍화 화강토의 일정 간극비에서 초기함수비의 변화에 따른 거동 특성을 통상의 삼축압축시험기를 이용한 비배수시험을 실시하여 비배수전단시 불포화 풍화 화강토의 간극압, 체적변형 및 응력-변형률 거동특성을 밝히고자한다. 연구에 사용된 시료는 조립질의 풍화 화강토이고 직경 50mm 높이 100mm로 복층다짐하여 삼축 시험용 공시체를 제작하였다. 준비된 공시체를 구속압력과 흡인력($u_a-u_w$)을 각각 달리한 비배수 3축압축시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 초기 함수비의 변화에 따라 내부마찰각($\phi'$)의 변화는 다소 있지만 흡인력의 변화에 따른 내부마찰각의 변화는 거의없고 유효점착력만이 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1047-1054
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is the understanding to changes in the characteristic of soil structure and classification, atterberg limits, undrained shear strength and consolidation of clayey soil dependent on pH of soil pore water. A series of tests including consistency tests, uniaxial compressive tests, vane tests and oedometer tests are performed on. The test results indicated that pH changes in the soil pH resulted in changes in the soil structure and classification, stress-strain behavior. Specially, when pH is conditioned to 7, liquid limit, undrained shear strength and preconsolidation pressure are the largest.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회 3차
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• pp.135-139
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• 2010

A construction technique to install the soil-bentonite (SB) cut-off wall for in-situ geoenvironmental containment by employing the trench cutting and re-mixing deep wall method is first presented in this paper. The laboratory test results on the hydraulic barrier performance of SB in relation to the chemical compatibility are then discussed. Hydraulic conductivity tests using flexible-wall permeameters as well as swell tests were conducted for SB specimens exposed to various types and concentrations of chemicals (calcium chloride, heavy fuel oil, ethanol, and/or seawater) in the permeant and/or in the pore water of original soil. For the SB specimens in which the pore water of original soil did not contain such chemicals and thus the sufficient bentonite hydration occurred, k values were not significantly increased even when permeated with the relatively aggressive chemical solutions such as 1.0 mol/L $CaCl_2$ or 50%-concentration ethanol solution. In contrast, the SB specimens containing $CaCl_2$ in the pore water had the higher k values. The excellent linear correlation between log k and swelling pressure implies that the swelling pressure can be a good indicator for the hydraulic barrier performance of the SB.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2009

강우침투에 의한 사면의 표층파괴는 국내에서도 잘 알려져 있고 이러한 불포화 사면에서의 수리학적/역학적 거동은 매우 복잡하다. 불포화사면에 대한 해석 수행 시, 함수특성곡선은 매우 중요한 지반정수로 활용되고 있는데 풍화사면의 경우 층으로 구성되어 있고 상재하중을 받고 있어 함수특성곡선의 적용시 적절한 상재하중의 효과에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 이러한 상황을 반영하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 풍화토를 대상으로 다양한 조건의 상재하중하에서 함수특성곡선을 획득하였으며 이를 통하여 불포화전단강도를 추정하였다. 또한 상재하중의 영향을 고려하여 불포화풍화사면에 대한 안정성을 평가하였다. 해석 결과 상재하중에 대한 효과는 매우 중요하며 적절한 해석에서의 적용은 사면안정성 예측은 항상 시킬 수 있다고 판단된다.