• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2005

This study was conducted to suggest revegetation character for environment factor of slope. Field test carried out for the man-made slope with three types(0.5cm no net, 3.0cm no net, 3.0cm net) revegetation methods in Hwaseong. Test revegetation plants were Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria M. The result of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The soil hardness, the soil acidity, and the soil humidity of three types(0.5cm no net, 3.0cm no net, 3.0cm net) revegetation methods were at a suitable value for plants growth. 2. All plant growth index(seedling number, ground coverage, plant height, plant weight, etc) of south slope were better than north slope. But plant growth index of net plots were similar to no net plots. 3. For washout investigation, washout quantity of north slope was plentifully measured from south slope, and 1 amount of rainfall will be big was visible appears plentifully.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.871-877
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to compare growth of Pllioblastus pygmaed and soil characteristics as affected by difference of soil thickness and mixture ratio in shallow-extensive green roof module system, and to identify the level of soil thickness and mixture as suitable growing condition to achieve the desired plants in green roof. Different soil thickness levels were achieved under 15cm and 25cm of shallow-extensive green roof module system that was made by woody materials for $500{\times}500{\times}300mm$. Soil mixture ratio were three types for perlit: peatmoss: leafmold=6:2:2(v/v/v, $P_6P_2L_2$), perlit: peatmoss: leafmold=5:3:2(v/v/v, $P_5P_3L_2$) and perlit: peatmoss: leafmold=4:4:2(v/v/v, $P_4P_4L_2$). On June 2006, Pllioblastus pygmaed were planted directly in a green roof module system in rows. All treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replication. The results are summarized below. In term of soil characteristics, Soil acidity and electric conductivity was measured in pH 6.0~6.6 and 0.12dS/m~0.19dS/m, respectively. Organic matter and exchangeable cations desorption fell in the order: $P_4P_4L_2$ > $P_5P_3L_2$ > $P_6P_2L_2$. $P_6P_2L_2$ had higher levels of the total solid phase and liquid phase, and $P_4P_4L_2$ had gas phase for three phases of soil in the 15cm and 25cm soil thickness. Although Pllioblastus pygmaed was possibled soil thickness 15cm, there was a trend towards increased soil thickness with increased leaf length, number of leaves and chlorophyll contents in 25cm. The growth response of Pllioblastus pygmaed had fine and sustain condition in order to $P_6P_2L_2$ = $P_5P_3L_2$ > $P_4P_4L_2$. However, The results of this study suggested that plants grown under $P_4P_4L_2$ appear a higher density ground covering than plants grown under $P_6P_2L_2$. Collectively, our data emphasize that soil thickness for growth of Pllioblastus pygmaed were greater than soil mixture ratio in shallow-extensive green roof module system.

• Mycobiology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2006

Forty-one fungal species belonging to 15 fungal genera isolated from Egyptian soil and sugar cane waste samples were tested for their capacity of producing acidity and gluconic acid. For the tests, the fungi were grown on glucose substrate and culture filtrates were examined using paper chromatography analysis. Most of the tested fungi have a relative wide potentiality for total acid production in their filtrates. Nearly 51% of them showed their ability of producing gluconic acid. Aspergillus niger was distinguishable from other species by its capacity to produce substantial amounts of gluconic acid when it was cultivated on a selective medium. The optimized cultural conditions for gluconic acid yields were using submerged culture at $30^{\circ}C$ at initial pH 6.0 for 7 days of incubation. Among the various concentrations of substrate used, glucose (14%, w/v) was found to be the most suitable carbon source for maximal gluconic acid during fermentation. Maximum values of fungal biomass (10.02 g/l) and gluconic acid (58.46 g/l) were obtained when the fungus was grown with 1% peptone as sole nitrogen source. Influence of the concentration of some inorganic salts as well as the rate of aeration on the gluconic acid and biomass production is also described.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.519-524
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• 2013

pH buffer capacities (pHBC, $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}\;pH^{-1}$) of 6 residual Entisols derived from granite, granite-gneiss, limestone, sandstone, shale, and basalt in Korea were studied. Soil acidity may become a problem if the soil pH is reduced to critical levels when nutrient cycles are unbalanced (especially N, C and S). The relation between the pHBC and the physico-chemical properties of the 6 soils was also studied. In the A horizons of all the soils except Euiseong series developed from sandstone, the contents of clay, organic matter and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were higher than those of C horizon, but bulk density and pH were lower than C horizon. Clay content of Euiseong series decreased with soil depth, which might be caused by the elluviation. The soils developed from granite, granite-gneiss and sandstone have a higher $SiO_2$ content than those developed from basalt and limestone. The contents of $Fe_2O_3$ and MgO were high in the soils from developed from basalt, limestone and shale comparing with the soils from granite, granite-gneiss and sandstone. The soils from basalt and limestone showed higher values of ignition loss than those from the other parent rocks. The pHBC of the soils was ranged from 1.8 to 3.2 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}\;pH^{-1}$ showing as follows : basalt, limestone > shale, granite-gneiss > granite sandstone.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.30-32
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• 1998

경기도 북부 및 강원도 산악지대에 많이 분포되어 있는 복주머니란의 자생지 생육 환경을 파악하여 재배화를 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 본 실험을 실시하였다. 복주머니의 자생지의 연평균기온은 $14^{\circ}C$이며, 기온이 가장 낮은 시기는 1월로써 $-7^{\circ}C$었으며, 8월에는 $28^{\circ}C$였다. 자생지의 연평균 저온은 $10.9^{\circ}C$이였으며, 1월에 최저 $-4^{\circ}C$를 나타내었다. 양지에서의 광도는 3월과 5월 사이에 48,000 lux~51,433 lux였으며, 7월에 11,500 lux로 가장 낮았다. 한편 음지에서는 7월과 8월에 광도가 급격히 떨어져 470~865 lux범위로 매우 낮았고, SPAD값은 7월에 34.3으로서 년중 가장 높았다. 자생지 토양 산도는 pH 5.6~5.8 범위이며, 토양수분은 16.4 %~36.2%이었고, 6월에 36.2%로 가장 높았다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.293-296
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• 1990

규회석분말, 염화칼륨, 황산칼륨이 요소의 암모니아화 및 질산화에 주는 영향을 밝히고자 흙 500g씩을 플라스틱 포트에 담아 비닐하우스내($30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$)에서 17일간 밭상태로 보존하며 얻은 시험 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 황산칼리는 염화칼리보다 규회석분말의 토양산성중화를 용이하게 하였으며 이 효과가 요소질소의 암모니아화 및 질산화를 촉진하였다. 2. pH 6.0이하에서는 $(NH_4+NO_3)-N$에 대한 $NO_3-N$의 비율이 20%이다. 3. 토양의 pH 5.2~6.0은 암모니아의 질산화를 억제하는 임계범위가 되거나, 질산화를 억제하는 농도까지 암모니아를 집적시키기 쉬운 범위인 것 같다. 4. 암모니아의 질산화는 저수분의 풍건토양에서도 일어나는 것 같다.

• 임산에너지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2003

목재의 탄화과정 산물인 목탄과 목초액의 농업적 이용의 일환으로 고추 생육 및 토양미생물에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 목탄과 목초액을 토양에 처리할 경우 토양을 중성으로 개량하는데 효과적이고 토양의 이화학적성질이 유용 미생물이 생육하기에 적합한 환경조건으로 변화되어 토양내 유용미생물의 밀도 증가로 나타났다. 고추의 생육에 있어서도 탄화물 처리로 고추모의 길이, 직경생장 및 고추 결과 수가 증가되었다. 특히 결과 수에서는 목탄 1kg, 목초액 1000배액 및 세균처리에 의하여 대조구보다 약 50% 정도의 증수 효과를 나타냈다. 고추모의 길이 및 줄기직경 증가는 노지에서 여러 가지 환경 변화 요인에 대한 저항성을 갖게 하여 최종 수확량의 증대로 나타날 것으로 사료된다. 고추 탄저병균에 대한 길항성 실험에서는 목초액 농도 2배, 10배에서는 곰팡이가 사멸되었고, 100배, 1000배 희석농도에서는 대조구보다 성장 속도가 둔화되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.86-101
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• 2004

This study was conducted to present the ecological management of Goduk Riverside Restoration Area in Hangang, Seoul by analyzing the change of the vegetation structure. The survey site was classified into three groups. These were the vegetation restoration area, the dry plant area, and the swampy plant area. There were 141 taxa including naturalized plants and 13 species recorded in 2001 and 258 taxa including naturalized plants and 42 species were recorded in 2003 by monitoring. Monitoring results showed that the alien plants such as Humulus japonicus expanded continuously except in the vegetation restoration area. It was found that the growing status of planted shrub plants were poor, and the naturalized plants status was thriving, and the soil environment was bad in the vegetation restoration area. The alien plants such as Humulus japonicus and Aster pilosus dominated continuously in the dry plant area. The swampy native herb plants number was decreased, but the Humulus japonicus community was expanded caused by the soil drying in the swampy plant area. Soil analysis showed that the soil acidity, the available phosphates and the concentration of calcium were highly effected by cultivation. We propose ecological management as follows based on the results of the change of vegetation and soil characteristics. The vegetation restoration area should be managed by visitor's characteristics. Replanting vegetations should be based on soil characteristics. The removal of naturalized plants and established monitoring with plots is also needed. In the dry plant area and the swampy plant area, naturalized plants need to be removed in order to facilitate bio-diversity and monitoring.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.555-566
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• 1999

The rainwater samples were collected from the 1100 Site of Mt. Halla and Cheju city during the period of March in 1997 to August in 1998, and the major soluble ions were analyzed. The confidence of analytical data was confirmed by using the comparison methods such as ino-balance, electric conductivity and acid fraction, all of which correlation coefficients were above 0.94. The ionic strengths lower than $10^{-4}$ M, the basis for the pure rainwater, were found in 47% and 38% at 1100 Site and Cheju city, respectively. The precipitations in Cheju city were more influenced by the oceanic effect than those in 1100 Site. The acidity contribution was mainly by $SO_4^{2-}$ and $NO_3^-$ in both areas, and the organic acids have contributed to the acidity with only 5~7%. The neutralization factors by $NH_3$ were about 46% at both 1100 site and Cheju city, whereas those by $CaCO_3$ were 11% and 15% at 1100 site and Cheju city respectively, and the free acidity were both about 35% in average. From the MSA analysis, it was found that the air in Cheju island has been influenced by the pollution from the other areas. The sources of the rainwater components in 1100 Site and Cheju city were also studied with a factor analyzing way, and the most probable factors were found to be anthropotgenic, oceanic, and soil-sourced. The results of multiple regression analysis have shown that $SO_4^{2-}$ was dissolved mostly in the form of $H_2SO_4, CaSO_4 and (NH_4)_2SO_4$, and $NO_3^-$ was in the form of $HNO_3, Ca(NO_3)_2 and NH_4NO_3$.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2006

담금용기로서의 항아리의 간장발효특성을 규명하기 위해 원료 흙인 옹기토, 황토와 분쇄토의 배합비를 달리하여 옹기의 기공율을 조절한 항아리를 제작한 후 각각의 항아리에서 간장을 4개월간 숙성시키는 과정 동안 나타나는 이화학적인 변화, 미생물 생육 및 관능검사를 옹기의 기공율이 간장발효에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 기공율 조절을 위해 황토와 분쇄토를 동량 혼합한 흙(RP soil)을 각각 0, 40와 60%를 옹기토와 배합하여 세가지 종류의 항아리를 제작하였다. 숙성조건은 $30^{\circ}C$ 숙성실에서 4개원 동안 진행하였다. 기공율에 따른 변화를 보인 것은 수분손실, 염함량변화, pH 및 총산도, 단백질 분해효소 활성 변화, 미생물변화, 핵산, 색도변화 및 관능검사 결과였고 기공율이 가장 낮은 0% RP soil 항아리에서 숙성시킨 간장이 보다 긍정적인 결과를 보였으며 그 다음으로 각각 40와 60% RP soil을 함유한 항아리 순 이였다. 반면에 총질소 함량의 변화는 처리구간별에 따른 차이를 볼 수가 없었으며 총유리아미노산 함량은 숙성 4개월째 0% RP soil 항아리에서 4,848 mg/100 g로서 40% RP soil 처리구 5,434 mg/100 g, 60% RP soil 처리구 5,477 mg/100 g에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 함량을 보였다. 하지만 0% RP soil 항아리는 수분 손실이 처리구들 중에서 가장 낮은 약 28%로서 다른 처리구에서 거의 40%의 수분손실을 보인 결과를 고려하면 수분손실에 따른 영향이 기공율보다 더 큰 영향을 준 것으로 사료되었다. 한편, 맛난 맛을 내는 glutamic acid의 비는 0% RP soil 항아리가 다른 처리구에 비해 상대적으로 조금 높은 함량을 보였다. 이와 같이 이화학적으로 보다 긍정적인 결과를 얻은 0% RP soil 항아리에서 발효시킨 간장은 관능검사 결과에 있어서도 색, 향기, 맛과 더불어 전체적인 평가에서 모두 가장 높은 평가를 받았다.