• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.304-307
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• 2008

In order to evaluate the effect of permanent softening behavior on springback prediction, 2D-draw bending simulations were compared with experiments for friction stir welded DP590 steel sheets. To account fur the nonlinear hardening behavior, the combined isotropic-kinematic hardening law was utilized with and without considering the permanent softening behavior during reverse loading. Also, the non-quadratic orthotropic yield function, Yld2000-2d, was used to describe the anisotropic initial-yielding behavior of the base sheet while anisotropic properties of the weld zone were ignored for simplicity.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.417-420
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• 2006

For a better understanding of the fracture behavior of concrete structures, knowledge of the post-cracking behavior of concrete material is essential. The tension softening diagram can describe the post-cracking behavior of concrete in tension. In this paper, Four points bending tests with a notch have been carried out to investigate tensile properties of the steel fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC). Poly-linear approximation method combined with FEM analysis is applied to the steel fiber reinforced concrete to determine the tension softening diagrams and also to certify the validity of the method. The simulated load-CMOD curves using the determined softening diagrams though the poly-linear approximation method completely agree with the measured ones.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.70-73
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• 2006

In the present study, the flow-softening behavior occurring during high temperature deformation of AZ31 Mg alloy was investigated. Flow softening of AZ31 Mg alloy was attributed to (1) thermal softening by deformation heating and (2) microstructural softening by dynamic recrystallization. Artificial neural networks method was used to derive the accurate amounts of thermal softening by deformation heating. A series of mechanical tests (High temperature compression and load relaxation tests) was conducted at various temperatures ($250^{\circ}C{\sim}500^{\circ}C$) and strain rates ($10^{-4}/s{\sim}100/s$) to formulate the recrystallization kinetics and grain size relation. The effect of DRX kinetics on microstructure evolution (fraction of recrystallization) was evaluated by the unified SRX/DRX (static recrystallization/dynamic recrystallization) approaches

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.861-864
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• 2008

This study was performanced to investigate the fractural and fatigue behavior of ultra-strength steel fiber reinforcement concrete. The tension softening diagram can describe the post-cracking behavior of concrete in tension. In this paper, Three points bending tests with a notch have been carried out to investigate tensile properties of the steel fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC) according to variation of the height. Poly-linear approximation method combined with FEM analysis is applied to the steel fiber reinforced concrete to determine the tension softening diagrams and also to certify the validity of the method. The simulated load-CMOD curves using the determined softening diagrams though the poly-linear approximation method completely agree with the measured ones.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.619-625
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• 1998

저온소성용 글라스/세라믹 복합체 제조시 사용되는 유리 프릿트의 연화점과 유리의 함량이 소결특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 고찰하였고, 이에 따라 고밀도의 저온소성용 글라스/세라믹 복합체를 제조하였다. 유리의 함량이 증가함에 따라 복합체의 소결밀도는 증가하였고, 이때 사용되는 유리의 연화점이 낮을 경우 유리의 함량이 적은 시현의 경우에도 변형이 일어남을 알수 있었다. 유리의 연화점이 높은 유리를 사용한 시편의 경우, 유리의 함량을 증가시켜도 시편의 변형은 일어나지 않았으며, 소결밀도는 계속적으로 증가하여 치밀화가 하고 있음을 알수 있었다. 이러한 유리함량과 유리의 연화점이 소결특성에 미치는 영향을 고찰함으로써 높은 밀도의 동시소성용 글라스/세라믹을 제조할 수 있는 유리의 연화점과 유리함량을 예측할 수 있었고, 이에따라 $790^{\circ}C$의 연화점을 갖는 유리를 유리 프릿트로 사용함으로써 $900^{\circ}C$의 소성온도에서 소결밀도 97%이상의 고밀도의 저온소성용 글라스/세라믹 복합체를 제조할 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.729-741
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• 1997

Cracked reinforced concrete in compression has been observed to exhibit lower strength and stiffness than uniaxially compressed concrete. The so-called compression softening effect responsible is thought to be related to the degree of transverse cracking and straining present. It significantly affects the strength, ductility and load-deformation response of a concrete element. A number of experimental investigations have been undertaken to determine the degree of softening that occurs, and the factors that affect it. At the same time, a number of diverse analytical models have been proposed by various this behavior. In this paper, the softened truss model thoery for low-rise structural shearwalls is employed using the principle of the stress and strain transformations. Using this theory the softening parameters for the concrete struts proposed by Hsu and Belarbi as well as by Vecchio and Collins are examined by 51 test shearwalls available in literature. It is found that the experimental shear strengths and ductilities of the walls under static loads are, in average, very close to the theoretical values; however, the experiment shear strengths and ductilities of the walls under dynamic loads with a low (0.2 Hz) frequency are generally less than the theoretical values.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.237-248
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• 2011

강섬유 보강 콘크리트의 인장연화특성은 구조적 거동에 매우 중요한 역할을 하며, 강섬유 보강 초고성능 콘크리트의 우수한 구조성능을 파악하기 위해서는 인장연화거동의 정밀모델링 및 이를 반영한 수치해석 기법이 필요하다. 따라서, 이 논문에서는 강섬유로 보강된 콘크리트의 부재의 인장연화거동 특성을 고려한 휨 거동을 예측하기 위한 수치해석 기법을 제시하였다. 강섬유 보강 콘크리트의 하중-균열개구변위 실험결과를 반영하여 가상균열모델에 근거한 균열방정식과 역해석 기법에 의해 인장연화모델링을 수행하였다. 또한, 인장연화거동을 반영한 재료모델링을 수행하였다. 제시기법에 의한 초고성능 콘크리트 보의 모멘트-곡률 수치해석 결과를 실험결과와 비교 분석하였으며, 수치해석 결과와 실험결과는 비교적 잘 일치하고 있다. 제안기법에 의해 강섬유 보강 초고강도 콘크리트 보의 휨강도를 정확하게 예측할 수 있다고 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2007

도심지 지하 터널은 주변 구조물의 존재 하에서 미고결성 저토피고 지반에 건설되는 경우가 많기 때문에 일반 산악 터널이나 대심도 암반층에 건설되는 지하공동과는 달리 터널 주변의 지반 변위, 지표면 침하와 기울기가 터널 설계의 주요인자가 된다. 본 논문은 도심지 NATM 터널의 변형거동에 대한 합리적 해석 방법의 확립을 위한 연구로서 변형률 연화 모델을 이용한 수치해석적인 방법을 통하여 굴착에 따른 지반 평가와 거동 예측을 수행하였다. 적용되어진 변형률 연화모델은 지반이 항복후 전단변형률의 증가에 따른 전단강성와 강도정수의 저하를 고려한 것이다. 현장 계측 결과는 시공중 설계물성치의 재설정에 이용되어졌다. 연화모델의 결과와 현장 계측값과의 비교에서 적용되어진 모델이 지표 침하, 기울기, 지중 침하 및 지중 수평변위의 변형 양상을 어느 정도 재현될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 논문에서 제안된 모델을 토대로 시공조건이 엄밀한 도심지 터널의 변형거동에 정량적인 평가 및 예측이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2021

In order to improve excessive spring-back behavior as a result of the roll forming process using ultra high strength steel (UHSS) sheet, local softening in region of a partial area expected to be deformed on an initial blank is considered in this study. With SPFC1470 UHSS sheet with initial blank thickness of 1.20mm, the local softening is performed with the following conditions: temperatures of 500℃, 550℃, 600℃ and 650℃, and holding time of 20s, 40s, 80s and 160s. Mechanical properties, such as yield stress and tensile strength, as well as elongation, are evaluated through uniaxial tensile tests, while the microstructural characteristics as a result of local softening are also investigated using the heat-treated specimens. As a result, it is shown that the spring-back behavior of the roll-formed prototype was reduced about by 78.9%, when the local softening at about 500℃ was performed for 160s considering the practical manufacturing condition.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.827-836
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• 2016

The rate of softening is an important factor to determine whether the failure occurs along localized shear band or in a more diffused manner. In this paper, strength loss and softening rate effect depending on sensitivity are investigated for weakly cemented clays, for both artificially cemented high plasticity San Francisco Bay Mud and low plasticity Yolo Loam. Destructuration and softening behavior for weakly cemented sensitive clays are demonstrated and discussed through multiple vane shear tests. Artificial sensitive clays are prepared in the laboratory for physical modeling or constitutive modeling using a small amount of cement (2 to 5%) with controlled initial water content and curing period. Through test results, shear band thickness is theoretically computed and the rate of softening is represented as a newly introduced parameter, ${\omega}_{80%}$. Consequently, it is found that the softening rate increases with sensitivity for weakly cemented sensitive clays. Increased softening rate represents faster strength loss to residual state and faster minimizing of shear band thickness. Uncemented clay has very low softening rate to 80% strength drop. Also, it is found that higher brittleness index ($I_b$) relatively shows faster softening rate. The result would be beneficial to study of physical modeling for sensitive clays in that artificially constructed high sensitivity (up to $S_t=23$) clay exhibits faster strain softening, which results in localized shear band failure once it is remolded.