• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2001

Shoot tips of grape were cultured in uitro and tried to identify optimal culture conditions for regeneration, multiple shoot formation from meristemoid tissue and those subsequent elongation of multi-shoots. Healthy growing shoots were taken in early May, rinsed with running tap water, soaked in a neutral detergent and washed with soft brushing, and washed out with tap water, then sterilized with 10g Ca(ClO)$_2$/140 mL distilled water (Wilson's solution) for 5 min. Survival percentage of the cultures which were sterilized as above procedures was highly increased, compared with the other sterilized method. Propagation of multi-shoots from meristemoid showed a good response in 3/4 strength MS medium enriched with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 3.0 mg/L BA. Shoot elongation from multi-shooting clump well occurred in 3/4 strength MS medium supplemented with 80 mg/L adenine sulfate, 0.1 mg/L NAA and 1.0~2.0 mg/L BA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.826-837
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• 2021

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic inflammatory condition involving multiple organs, including the salivary or lacrimal glands, orbit, pancreas, bile duct, liver, kidney, retroperitoneum, aorta, lung, and lymph nodes. It is histologically characterized by tissue infiltration with lymphocytes and IgG4-secreting plasma cells, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. In the thoracic involvement of IgG4-RD, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and perilymphangitic interstitial thickening of the lung are the most common findings. Peribronchovascular and septal thickening and paravertebral band-like soft tissue are characteristic findings of IgG4-RD. Other findings include pulmonary nodules or masses, ground-glass opacity, alveolar interstitial thickening, pleural effusion or thickening, mass in the chest wall or mediastinum, and arteritis involving the aorta and coronary artery. Radiologic differential diagnosis of various malignancies, infections, and inflammatory conditions is needed. In this review, we describe the imaging findings of IgG4-RD and the radiologic differential diagnoses in the thorax.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.373-378
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• 2001

An idiopathic mediastinal fibrosis is a rare disease with an unknown etiology. It is a benign condition in which a fibrosis of the soft tissue and chronic inflammation occurs within the mediastinum. This leads to a constriction and obliteration of the adjacent mediastinal structures, particularly the great veins. This can result in a variety of clinical conditions depending on the anatomic location of the disease. Here, we report a case of an idiopathic mediastinal fibrosis with vocal cord palsy, which was confirmed by a biopsy with a thoracotomy. Postoperative medical treatment using prednisolone and tranilast was performed.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2021

A normal range of motion is essential for performing activities of daily living. The capsular pattern is the proportional motion restriction in range of motion during passive exercises due to tightness of the joint capsule. Although the capsular pattern is widely referred to in clinical practice, there is no scientific evidence to support the concept. In this review, the appropriateness of the capsular pattern for evaluation of joint pathology was assessed. In the Textbook of Orthopaedic Medicine written by Cyriax, the capsular pattern did not specify how much reduction in angular motion is considered motion restriction. As the definition proposed initially was unclear, different methods have been used in previous studies investigating capsular pattern. In addition, the capsular pattern described all the major joints of the human body, but only the hip joint, knee joint, and shoulder joint were studied in experimental studies. Sensitivity and specificity were reported in one study and were meaningful in specific pathologies (loss of extension to loss of flexion). There was no consensus on the reliability and validity. In summary, the capsular pattern suggested by Cyriax or Kaltenborn is not supported or applies only to certain conditions. Various components around a joint complement each other and provide stability to the joint. It is recommended that the therapist perform multiple assessments rather than rely on a single assessment when evaluating joints.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.108-111
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• 2023

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCLs) are a group CD30-positive mature T-cell lymphomas, an uncommon subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, characterized by diverse clinical and genetic features. Among the types of ALCL, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative ALCL, though typically involves the lymph nodes, can infrequently invade other tissues. When soft tissue involvement occurs, it may mimic the clinical presentation of infectious diseases, leading to potential misdiagnosis. Therefore, a histological examination is necessary to differentiate between ALK-negative ALCL and similar phenotypes associated with infectious conditions. This paper reports a case of ALCL, initially misdiagnosed as an infection.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2023

Macrodactyly of the toe is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the overgrowth of a digit/digits in the foot and is one of the most difficult conditions to treat. Since the condition alters functionality and appearance, the treatment goal is to restore function and cosmetically enhance the appearance. Various surgical techniques are used for toe macrodactyly, including amputation, debulking, and epiphysiodesis. Herein, we present a case of a six-year-old patient with a second toe macrodactyly who was successfully treated with a two-stage operation over a seven-year period. We initially performed an ostectomy of the middle phalanx with a fusion of the proximal and distal phalanges and then performed a soft tissue debulking procedure.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.62-78
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• 2023

As the majority of incidentally detected lesions in the anterior mediastinum is small nodules with soft tissue appearance, the differential diagnosis has typically included thymic neoplasm and prevascular lymph node, with benign cyst. Overestimation or misinterpretation of these lesions can lead to unnecessary surgery for ultimately benign conditions. Diagnosing mediastinal cysts using MRI serves as a problem-solving modality in distinguishing between surgical and nonsurgical anterior mediastinal lesions. The pitfalls of MRI evaluation for anterior mediastinal cystic lesions are as follows: first, we acknowledge the limitation of T2-weighted images for evaluating benign cystic lesions. Due to variable contents within benign cystic lesions, such as hemorrhage, T2 signal intensity may be variable. Second, owing to extensive necrosis and cystic changes, the T2 shine-through effect may be seen on diffusion-weighted images (DWI), and small solid portions might be missed on enhanced images. Therefore, both enhancement and DWI with apparent diffusion coefficient values should be considered. An algorithm will be suggested for the diagnostic evaluation of anterior mediastinal cystic lesions, and finally, a management strategy based on MRI features will be suggested.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 1996

There are many kinds of free flaps for management of extensive soft tissue defect of extremities in orthopaedic field. Free vascularized scapular flap is one of the most useful and relatively easy to application. This flap has been utilize clinically from early eighties by many microsurgical pioneers. Authors performed 102 cases of this flap from 1984 to 1995. We have to consider about the surgical anatomy of the flap, technique of the donor harvesting procedures, vascular varieties and anatomical abnormalities and success rate and the weak points of the procedure. This flap nourished by cutaneous branches from circumflex scapular vessels emerges from the lateral aspect of the subscapular artery 2.5-5cm from its lateral origin passing through the triangular space(bounded by subscapularis, teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps). The terminal cutaneous branch runs posteriorly around the lateral border of the scapular and divided into two major branches, those transeverse horizontally and obliquely to the fascial plane of overlying skin of the scapular body. We can utilize these arteries for scapular and parascapular flap. The vascular pedicle ranged from 5 to 10 cm long depends on the dissection, usually two venae comitantes accompanied circumflex scapular artery and its major branches. The diameter of the circumflex scapular artery is more than 1mm in adult, rare vascular variation. Surgical techniques : The scapular flap can be dissected conveniently with prone or lateral decubitus position, prone position is more easier in my experience. There are two kinds of surgical approaches, most of the surgeon prefer elevation of the flap from its outer border towards its base which known easier and quicker, but I prefer elevation of the flap from its outer border because of the lowering the possibilities of damage to vasculature in the flap itself which runs just underneath the subcutaneous tissue of the flap and provide more quicker elevation of the flap with blunt finger dissection after secure pedicle dissection and confirmed the course from the base of the pedicle. There are minimal donor site morbidity with direct skin closure if the flap size is not so larger than 10cm width. This flap has versatility in the design of the flap shape and size, if we need more longer and larger one, we can use parascapular flap or both. Even more, the flap can be used with latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap and serratus anterior flap which have common vascular pedicle from subscapular artery, some instance can combined with osteocutaneous flap if we include the lateral border of the scapular bone or parts of the ribs with serratus anterior. The most important shortcoming of the scapular free flap is non sensating, there are no reasonable sensory nerves to the flap to anastomose with recipient site nerve. Results : Among our 102 cases, overall success rate was 89%, most of the causes of the failure was recipient site vascular problems such as damaged recipient arterial conditions, and there were two cases of vascular anomalies in our series. Patients ages from 3 years old to 62 years old. Six cases of combined flap with latissimus dorsi, 4 cases of osteocutaneous flap for bone reconstruction, 62 parascapular flap was performed - we prefer parascapular flap to scapular. Statistical analysis of the size of the flap has less meaningful because of the flap has great versatility in size. In the length of the pedicle depends on the recipient site condition, we can adjust the pedicle length. The longest vascular pedicle was 14 cm in length from the axillary artery to the enter point cutaneous tissue. In conclusion, scapular free flap is one of the most useful modalities to manage the large intractable soft tissue defect. It has almost constant vascular pedicle with rare anatomical variation, easy to dissect great versatility in size and shape, low donor morbidity, thin and hairless skin.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.533-538
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• 2005

Due to its safety and softness, autologous fat transplantation has been commonly performed for soft tissue correction. However, the injected fat is absorbed resulting in the reduction of volume of the graft by 40-60% within a few months. Thus, there was an attempt to use adipocytes differentiated from preadipocytes in vitro for transplantation. Differentiated adipocytes were biocompatible and matured with gradual volume increase at transplantation site in clinical study(unpublished data). In addition, they did not induce immune rejection in response to nonself lymphocytes in a mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR)(unpublished data). The purpose of this study is to differentiate mouse preadipocytes following labeling into adipocytes to establish an animal model for allogenic transplantation. Preadipocytes isolated from inguinal and retroperitoneal fat pad of C57BL/6 mice were proliferated with growth medium by passage 3 and differentiated into adipocytes with different culture conditions after labeled with BrdU. At most suitable conditions, above 90% of preadipocytes were differentiated and BrdU labeling did not affect differentiation rate and function of differentiated adipocytes. These results demonstrate that BrdU-labeled adipocytes resulting from this in vitro differentiation protocol are useful for allogenic transplantation study.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.91-94
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• 2009

Werner syndrome (WRN), or adult progeria, is a very rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the appearance of accelerated aging, including cataracts, gray hair, skin atrophy, and atherosclerosis. This syndrome is caused by mutations in the WRN gene and had a high risk of a spectrum of rare neoplasms including: i) non-epithelial malignant or pre-malignant tumors/conditions, osteosarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas, malignant melanomas, myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome; ii) an epithelial neoplasm, thyroid carcinoma, and iii) meningiomas. Recently, authors experienced a case of Werner syndrome complicated by bone metastasis of rhabdomyosarcoma in a 20-year old Korean man. The patient revealed a painful mass on his right knee and progeroid features, short stature, scalp alopecia, abnormal dentition, craniofacial disproportion, hypothyroidsm, cataracts and osteoporosis. The onset of symptoms of Werner syndrome generally precedes any later symptoms of associated conditions, such as malignant tumor. Therefore, early recognition of Werner syndrome is important to assist identification of malignant tumors at an early stage in this patient group.