• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1815-1819
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• 2009

Based on the soft and rigid extents, tissues are mainly divided into two groups in mammals, soft tissues including heart, lung, kidney and brain, and hard tissues including tendon, cartilage, teeth and bone. Among various tissues, bone, a dynamic rigid organ, is continuously remodeled by the opposing functional activity between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone destruction by osteoclasts. Bone protects the soft tissues and provides mineral reservoirs, which can supply the mineral needs of other soft tissues to normally maintain cellular function. While calcification in bone is an important action to fundamentally support the body and protect the soft tissues, calcification in soft tissues, including the heart, aorta, kidney, lung and spleen, results in severe organ damages, eventually causing sudden death. A growing body of evidence indicates that the osteoporotic patient who are aging, post-menopausal, diabetes and chronic kidney disease simultaneously represent a high clinical incidence of soft tissue calcification, illustrating a link between soft tissue calcification and bone decalcification (osteoporosis). This study will review what is currently known about the connection between bone decalcification and soft tissue calcification.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1147-1160
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• 2018

Soft-tissue calcification refers to a broad category of lesions. Calcifications are frequently identified by radiologists in daily practice. Using a simple algorithm based on the distribution pattern of the lesions and detailed clinical information, these calcified lesions can be systematically evaluated. The distribution pattern of the calcific deposits enables initial division into calcinosis circumscripta and calcinosis universalis. Using laboratory test results (serum calcium and phosphate levels) and clinical history, calcinosis circumscripta can be further categorized into four subtypes: dystrophic, iatrogenic, metastatic, and idiopathic calcification. This pictorial essay presents a systematic approach to the imaging features of soft-tissue calcifications and related diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.38-42
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• 2021

Soft tissue calcifications after burn injuries are commonly found in the periarticular region. They can easily be found because they cause severe pain and distress to the patient. However, a long period is required to identify extra-articular soft tissue calcification after burn injuries because they have no specific symptoms. Herein, we present the case of a patient with dystrophic extra-articular soft tissue calcification after a burn injury. A 70-year-old woman developed a non-healing ulcer in the right lower leg area two months before presentation to the hospital. She had third-degree flame burns on the anteromedial tibial area of the right leg approximately 40 years prior, and there had been no particular problem. Examination revealed chronic ulcers, and a review of radiograph findings revealed irregular calcification. The wound was treated with wide excision with a skin graft, and it healed without complications. During follow-up one month later, no recurrence of the calcification or ulceration of the lesion was found.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.39
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• pp.31.1-31.5
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• 2017

Background: Dystrophic calcification can occur in any soft tissue with the absence of a systemic mineral imbalance and is often associated with trauma, infection, or inflammation. It is easily found in the site of the heart and skeletal muscles and rarely appears in the head and neck area. Case report: We present a rare case of multiple calcified masses in the left masseter muscle of a 26-year-old female with a history of trauma in the area. In computed tomography, multiple radiopaque masses were observed inside the left masseter muscle and blood test results were normal. The calcified masses were diagnosed as dystrophic calcification and removed by surgery without any complications. Conclusion: Different types of calcifications may occur in the cheek area, and they need to be distinguished from dystrophic calcification. Thorough clinical examination and history taking is required together with blood testing and radiographic examinations.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 1995

The radiographic findings of soft tissue calcification in the oral and maxillofacial area was analysed using panoramic, skull P-A and intraoral radiographs in 250 patients. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. Salivary stone had the highest rate of occurrence at 46％(116 cases), followed by lymph node calcification(97 cases), phleholith(21 cases), multiple miliary osteoma(15 cases), antrolith(l case), vessel calcification(l case) and cysticercosis(1 case). 2. The prevalence of salivary stone was slightly higher in females, on the right side and in the middle-aged group and was especially higher in the submandibular gland(83％). The majority of them were round-shaped, homogeneously radiopaque and associated with sialodochitis. 3. The prevalence of lymph node calcification was higher in the female and old-aged group. Irregular shape and radiopaque bodies were seen in the cervical area, bilaterally. 4. The prevalence of phlebolith was slightly higher in the male, and the third decade group. The radiopaque bodies were 4-8 mm in diameter and had laminated appearance. 5. The prevalence of multiple miliary osteoma was higher in old-aged females. The numerous doughnut-shaped radiopaque bodies, sized 2-4 mm in diameter, were seen bilaterally in the cheek and were usually associated with the edentulous ridge.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.275-279
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• 2017

Soft tissue calcification is a pathological condition in which calcium and phosphate salts are deposited in the soft tissue organic matrix. This study presents an unusual calcification noted in the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube. A 67-year-old woman presented for dental treatment, specifically for implant placement, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed. The CBCT scan was reviewed by a board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologist and revealed incidental findings of 2 distinct calcifications in the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube. To the authors' knowledge, no previous study has reported the diagnosis of Eustachian tube calcification using CBCT. This report describes an uncommon variant of Eustachian tube calcification, which has a significant didactic value because such cases are seldom illustrated either in textbooks or in the literature. This case once again underscores the importance of having CBCT scans evaluated by a board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologist.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.415-420
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• 2010

Purpose: Heterotopic calcification is a pathological event in which deposits of calcium salts build up, usually in the joint area or soft tissues. It can occur under many conditions and in some rare cases may develop in burn scars. In particular, ulcerations in burn scars accompanied by heterotopic calcification are difficult to treat through conservative treatment. This study reports methods for accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment of ulceration in burn scars accompanied by heterotopic calcification. Methods: Fourteen patients who visited our hospital from March 2008 to January 2010 were subjected to this study. Their sex, age, modes of burn, degree, TBSA (%), ulcerated area, the time of occurrence of the ulcerations in the burn scars were investigated. In addition, radiological examination and biopsy was performed to diagnose heterotopic calcification. Results: Among the 14 cases, 6 were male and 8 were female. The average age of the patients was 48.2 (27 - 69 yrs). As for the mode of burn, 11 were flame burns and 3 were scalding burns. The average time of occurrence of the ulcerations in the burn scars was 4.5 months. The ulcerated areas were situated in the legs in 12 cases, arms in 1 case, and torso in 1 case. The diagnosis was confirmed through X-ray and biopsy, and skin graft was performed after wide excision. Conclusion: Diagnosis of the ulceration in burn scars accompanied by heterotopic calcification is possible through radiological and pathologic studies. Surgical treatment is the most reliable method of treatment, and we chose to perform skin graft after wide excision. Also, we learned that the complete removal of the calcified tissue and the inflammatory fibrotic tissues is crucial in preventing recurrence. Also, in contrast to Marjolin's ulcer, heterotopic calcification had a small size, little or no granulation tissue, and lacked fungating type ulceration. Therefore, favorable prognosis could be achieved through adequate treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.318-320
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• 2011

Calcifying fibrous pseudotumors are rare soft-tissue lesions pathologically characterized by hyalinized collagen, psam-momatous or dystrophic calcification, and lympho-plasmacyte infiltration. They are clinically benign with an extremely low rate of recurrence and complete surgical resection is known to be the treatment of choice. We performed the resection of a calcifying fibrous pseudotumors in the anterior mediastinum without complications.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2011

It is controversial whether low calcium intake, commonly associated with osteoporosis, results in calcium accumulation in soft tissues. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of low calcium (Ca) and oxalate (ox) intake on soft-tissue Ca deposits and bone metabolism in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. Eight week old female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and divided into four groups. The rats were fed experimental diets containing low (0.1%, w/w) or normal (0.5%, w/w) Ca with or without sodium oxalate (1%, w/w); Sham/NCa, Ovx/NCa, Ovx/LCa, Ovx/NCa-ox, Ovx/LCa-ox for 6 weeks. All ovx rats showed a remarkable increase in body and tissue weight, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, and decreases in weight, ash, and Ca contents, as well as bone breaking force compared to those in sham rats. Serum Ca concentration was not significantly affected by dietary Ca levels or ox intake. Kidney Ca, ox acid content, and microscopic Ca deposition increased remarkably in the Ovx/LCa-ox group compared to those in the other groups. Ca content in the spleen and aorta also increased significantly, but the weight contents, Ca, bone breaking force, and Ca and oxalic acid in feces decreased significantly in the Ovx/LCa-ox group. Serum parathyroid hormone levels were not significantly different among the groups. These results indicate that low Ca intake decreased bone mineral content and increased Ca deposits in soft tissues, which was aggravated by ox intake in ovx rats. Thus, high ox intake may result in a kidney disorder in patients with osteoporosis who eat a low Ca diet.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 2003

Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma is a rare benign soft tissue tumor that usually involves distal extremities in children and adolescents, especially the hands and feet. We report a case of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma arising in a 14-year-old boy who complained of right thumb mass. Surgical excision was performed. The resected specimen showed a $2.0{\times}1.5cm$ grayish white, fibrotic tissue. Histologic examination showed proliferation of fibroblastic cells with infiltrative growth pattern. Foci of calcification and chondroid differentiation were present.