• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.17-24
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• 2000

Hardening agent has been the traditional material for surface soil stabilization of soft ground. This study aims at determining optimal mixture ratio of hardening agent in accordance with the required design specifications. Hardening agent is properly mixtured with Fly ash, Gypsum, Slag and Cement for the ettringite hydrates which is effective for early stabilization of unconsolidated soil. The treated soil is the clay which are widely found here and there in Korea. In this study, preliminary tests were performed to get optimal mixture ratio of stabilizer ingredient, and marine clay in Jin-Hae was used to get physical and chemical properties. Laboratory tests of 50 stabilized soil were peformed to get optimal mixture ratio for 16 stabilizer material of 6 type, and stabilizer mixing was determined.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.55-67
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• 2011

The shear load distribution and deformation of offshore friction piles are investigated using experimental tests and a numerical analysis. Special attention is given to the soil-pile interaction of axially loaded pile. A framework for determining the f-w curve is proposed based on both theoretical analysis and experimental load test data base. A numerical analysis that takes into account the proposed f-w curves was performed for major parameters on pile-soil interaction such as the pile diameter, the pile length, and the soil condition. Based on the analysis, it is shown that the proposed f-w method is capable of predicting the behavior of a friction pile in deep soft clay. Through comparisons with case histories and finite element results, it is found that the proposed f-w curves are more appropriate and realistic m representing the pile-soil interaction of axially loaded piles in deep soft clay than that of existing f-w method.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.37 no.E
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• pp.40-46
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• 1995

To identify the soft marine clay of the Daebul reclaimed area, the south western part of Korea, and determine their engineering properties, a series of the laboratory and field tests are conducted. The main findings are summarized from laboratory and field investigations. It is also formulated the basic geotechnical characteristic data for the porject area. The established correlations for the engineering properties are reviewed and their applicabilities are studied.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.793-806
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• 2016

The pozzolanic characteristics of a sludge incinerated into ash were determined in this study. Lime is commonly used as a stabilizer for the treatment of soils, whereas sewage sludge ash (SSA) is often applied with lime to improve soft subgrade soil. In this study, a cohesive soil categorized as A-4 (low-plasticity clay) by AASHTO classifications was mixed with SSA/lime with a 3:1 ratio. Nano-$SiO_2$ was also added to the soil. To identify changes in the workability, strength, permeability, and shear strength of the soft subgrade soil, basic soil tests were conducted, and the microstructure of the treated soil was analyzed. The results indicate that SSA/lime mixtures improve the properties of soft subgrade soil and transform the soil from "poor subgrade soil" to "good to excellent subgrade soil" with a CBR > 8. Additionally, the addition of 2% nano-$SiO_2$ increases the unconfined compressive strength of soft subgrade soil treated with SSA/lime mixture by approximately 17 kPa. However, the swelling of the treated soil increased by approximately 0.1% after the addition of nano-$SiO_2$ and lime. Thus, soil swelling should be considered before lime and nano-$SiO_2$ are applied to soft subgrade soil.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

The main objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficiency of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in enhancing the unconfined compressive strength of soft soil alone and soft soil mixed with recycled tiles. The recycled tiles have been used to treat soft soil in a previous research by Al-Bared et al. (2019) and the results showed significant improvement, but the improved strength value was for samples treated with low cement content (2%). Hence, OPC is added alone in this research in various proportions and together with the optimum value of recycled tiles in order to investigate the improvement in the strength. The results of the compaction tests of the soft soil treated with recycled tiles and 2, 4, and 6% OPC revealed an increment in the maximum dry density and a decrement in the optimum moisture content. The optimum value of OPC was found to be 6%, at which the strength was the highest for both samples treated with OPC alone and samples treated with OPC and 20% recycled tiles. Under similar curing time, the strength of samples treated with recycled tiles and OPC was higher than the treated soil with the same percentage of OPC alone. The stress-strain curves showed ductile plastic behaviour for the untreated soft clay and brittle behaviour for almost all treated samples with OPC alone and OPC with recycled tiles. The microstructural tests indicated the formation of new cementitious products that were responsible for the improvement of the strength, such as calcium aluminium silicate hydrate. This research promotes recycled tiles as a green stabiliser for soil stabilisation capable of reducing the amount of OPC required for ground improvement. The replacement of OPC with recycled tiles resulted in higher strength compared to the control mix and this achievement may results in reducing both OPC in soil stabilisation and the disposal of recycled tiles into landfills.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.75-86
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• 1992

The elevation of reclamation work in the coastal area for the industrial complex is determined through the investigation and review of marine conditions, drainage plan and fill materials. The embankment to be constructed with crushed stone on the soft soil should be safe against the wave force, immediate and long term consolidation settlement, overturning and sliding due to self-weight and other forces. Because of lack of fill material from the borrow pit, the soft marine clay to be dredged shall be used as the reclamation material. And Paper Drain Board is used as the improvement method for the deep soft clay strata.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.707-726
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• 2015

This paper investigates the time dependent behaviour of Haarajoki test embankment on soft structured clay deposit. Half of the embankment is constructed on an area improved with prefabricated vertical drains, while the other half is constructed on the natural deposit without any ground improvement. To analyse the PVD-improved subsoil, axisymmetric vertical drains were converted into equivalent plane strain conditions using three different approaches. The construction and consolidation of the embankment are analysed with the finite element method using a recently developed anisotropic model for time-dependent behaviour of soft clays. The constitutive model, namely ACM-S accounts for combined effects of plastic anisotropy, interparticle bonding and degradation of bonds and creep. For comparison, the problem is also analysed with isotropic Soft Soil Creep and Modified Cam Clay models. The results of the numerical analyses are compared with the field measurements. The results show that neglecting effects of anisotropy, destructuration and creep may lead to inaccurate predictions of soft clay response. Additionally, the numerical results show that the matching methods accurately predict the consolidation behaviour of the embankment on PVD improved soft clays and provide a useful tool for engineering practice.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 1994

One of problems being faced during construction of soil structures along the coastal regions is the stabilization of soft clay foundation, In this study, centrifugal model bests were conducted to investigate behavior effect of soft foundation reinforced by cement -soil piles for the stabilization of softs clay foundation during the embankment construction. This paper presents results of settlement and heaving behavior of reinforced and unreinforced foundation with time under the swaged loading for different best conditions. The test results have shown that the reductions of vertical settlement of the foundation and heaving of the ground surface adjacent to the embankment are greatly influenced by strength of improved pile, and moisture content, and especially the ratio of replacement area.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 1998

The use of EPS application to construction field was introduced in this country very recently. Nevertheless, approximately a total of 210,000m3 of EPS application was conducted in less than four years. Main app.lication areas for the EPS method are : (1)backfill behind a bridge abutment constructed on soft clay soil, (2)embankment constructed on soft clay soil, and (3)backfill of gravity wall. Among these, about 70oA of EPS are used for (1) and (2) deb cribed above. In this study, an invesitgation was held for the application of the EPS method to backfill of a bridge abutment which was constructed on soft clay soil. Several instruments were installed around the construction site to invesitgate the behavior of the system. Then a Finite Element Analysis was conducted for comparison.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.553-560
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• 2002

The improvement effect of soft ground is estimated by unconfined strength mainly. The unconfined strength of solidification agent treated soil is likely to vary with ununiformed mixing ratio and water content change of in-situ ground place by place. So, it is unreasonable to apply a solidification agent mixing ratio obtained from laboratory test results on all over the soft ground. In this study, it was analysed how the unconfined strength would be effected by the water content of soft ground. For this study, a series of unconfined compressive tests are peformed on various water content soil samples. The test results showed that the strength was fallen to 30∼80% by two times increase of water content approximately, This means that strength of solidification agent treated soil is influenced greatly by water content of raw soft ground and mixing ratio of solidification agent. It was suggested that the method how to decide the mixing ratio with soft ground water content.