• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1065-1073
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• 2006

영흥 화력발전소 1호기 보일러에서 발생된 미연분은 석탄 회의 재활용 및 보일러 효율 측면에서 문제를 일으키고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 미연분 및 사용 석탄의 특성과 현장의 연소조건 분석을 수행하고 보일러 운전조건을 변경하므로서 보일러에서 발생되는 미연분을 저감하고자 하였다. 미연분의 물리, 화학적 분석 결과 대부분 중공(中空)형태의 Cenosphere와 뭉쳐진(Agglomerated) 형태의 Soot로 이루어져 있었다. 영흥 화력발전소에서 사용중인 6개 탄종에 대하여 Tar 및 Soot의 발생 가능량을 CPD(Chemical Percolation Devolatilization) 모델을 이용하여 조사한 결과, Sanseo, Ensham, Elk Valley 탄의 경우 그 발생 가능량이 비교적 적었으며 Peabody, Arthur, Shenhua 탄은 높았다. 영흥 화력발전소 1호기 보일러의 각 미분탄 공급관에서의 미분탄 공급량을 측정하였는데 코너 별로 공급되는 몇몇 버너에서 미분탄이 편중되어 공급되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이에 따라 soot가 주성분인 미연분의 산화율을 증가시키기 위하여 과잉공기량을 증가시키고 산화제와의 혼합정도를 높이기 위하여 SOFA(Separated Over Fire Air)의 yaw 각도를 적절히 조절함으로서 미연분의 발생량을 현저히 감소시킬 수 있었다.

• 국방과기술
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• 7호통권281호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2002

지난 반세기 동안 주한미군은 한반도 안보에 결정적 역할을 수행해 왔따. 그러나 변화하는 안보환경은 국민의 주한미군에 대한 인식에 영향을 미치고 나아가 주한미군의 주둔과 관련 문제들에 영향을 미치고 있따. 한국측에서는 주한미군의 지위를 법적으로 규정하고 있는 '한미행정협정(SOFA)' 의 주한미군 범죄, 환경, 한국인 근로자 노무 규정 등과 관련하여 다양한 불만의 목소리가 나오고 있다. 또한 주한미군측 역시 나름대로 한국 주둔에 따르는 불편함을 호소하고 있는데, 그 대표적인 것이 '주택문제'이다. 이러한 문제들은 단시일 내에 해결되기 어려운 특성을 지니고 있으나 주한미군의 안정적 주둔을 위해서는 반드시 해소되어야 될 과제로 여겨진다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2008년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.44-47
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• 2008

This paper evaluated the fire characteristics by using furniture calorimeter. Fire property assessment using the furniture calorimeter showed that the heat release rate is maximum 1,600 kW, maximum CO is 0.261%, maximum CO2 is 2.597%, while for the sofa for one person, the maximum heat release rate is approx. 531.5 kW, max. CO is 0.102%, and max. CO2 is 1.011%.

• 과학과기술
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• 제34권4호통권383호
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• pp.38-40
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• 2001

녹색연합은 (상임대표 박영신 -한국사회학연구소 부소장) 91년 창립된 '배달환경연구소"와 '푸른 한반도 되찾기 시민모임'이 모체가 되어 94년에 통합, 96년 '녹색연합'으로 이름을 바꿔 오늘에 이른 환경지킴이이다. 녹색연합은 97년 '대만핵폐기물 북한반입 반대운동'을 펼쳐 세계적인 뉴스가 되었으며 최근에는 미군의 한강 독극물사건을 폭로하여 SOFA 개정의 열기를 불러일으켰다. 녹색연합은 인간과 자연이 생태계 안에서 더불어 살아가는 21세기를 환경의 세기로 열어갈 것을 다짐하고 있다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a new scoring tool that is comprehensively applicable and predicts fatality within 24 h of intoxication. Methods: This was a cohort study conducted in two emergency medical centers from 2011 to 2012. We identified factors associated with severe/fatality. Through a discriminant analysis, we devised the aBIG (age, Base deficit, Infection, and Glasgow coma scale) score. To compare the ability of aBIG to predict intoxication severity with that of previous scoring systems such as APACHE II, MODS, SAPS IIe, and SOFA, we determined the receiver operating characteristic curves of each variable in predicting severe-to-fatal toxicity. Results: Compared with the mild/moderate toxicity group (n=211), the severe/fatal group (n=143) had higher incidences of metabolic acidosis, infection, serious mental change, QTc prolongation and hepato-renal failure. Age, base deficit, infection-WBC count, and Glasgow Coma Scale were independently associated with severe/fatal poisoning. These variables were combined into the poisoning "aBIG" score [$0.28{\times}$Age group+$0.38{\times}WBC$ count/$10^3+0.52{\times}$Base deficit+$0.64{\times}$(15-GCS)], which were each calculated to have an area under the curve of 0.904 (95% confidence interval: 0.868-0.933). The aBIG poisoning score had an equivalent level of severity predictability as APACHE II and a superior than MODS, SOFA, and SAPS IIe. Conclusion: We developed a simplified scoring system using the four variables of age, base deficit, infected leukocytosis, and GCS. The poisoning aBIG score was a simple method that could be performed rapidly on admission to evaluate severity of illness and predict fatal severity in patients with acute intoxications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2018

Background: Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) after cardiac surgery usually requires inotropes. In this setting, critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) may develop. We aimed to investigate the clinical features of CIRCI in the presence of LCOS and to assess the efficacy of steroid treatment. Methods: We reviewed 28 patients who underwent a rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) test due to the suspicion of CIRCI between February 2010 and September 2014. CIRCI was diagnosed by a change in serum cortisol of <$9{\mu}g/dL$ after the ACTH test or a random cortisol level of <$10{\mu}g/dL$. Results: Twenty of the 28 patients met the diagnostic criteria. The patients with CIRCI showed higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores than those without CIRCI ($16.1{\pm}2.3$ vs. $11.4{\pm}3.5$, p=0.001). Six of the patients with CIRCI (30%) received glucocorticoids. With an average elevation of the mean blood pressure by $22.2{\pm}8.7mm\;Hg$ after steroid therapy, the duration of inotropic support was shorter in the steroid group than in the non-steroid group ($14.1{\pm}2.3days$ versus $30{\pm}22.8days$, p=0.001). Three infections (15%) developed in the non-steroid group, but this was not a significant between-group difference. Conclusion: CIRCI should be suspected in patients with LCOS after cardiac surgery, especially in patients with a high SOFA score. Glucocorticoid replacement therapy may be considered to reduce the use of inotropes without posing an additional risk of infection.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1996

상층부의 온도, 경계면 높이 및 흐름형태를 연구하기 위하여 쓰레기통, 의자, 카페트, 소파, 매트리스 및 장농화재 실험을 실제 건물에서 수행하였다. 상부층의 온도와 경계면의 높이는 사각 쓰레기통의 경우 개구부의 흐름계수가 0.65∼0.8, 원형 쓰레기통 및 의자의 경우는 0.65∼0.9, 카페트, 소파, 매트리스 및 장농의 경우는 0.7∼O.9일 때 실험치와 비교적 잘 일치하였다. 경계면의 높이는 가구화재시 1[m] 근처에서 정상상태를 유지하였다. 다만, 최대온도를 나타내는 시간에는 경계면 높이가 바닥에서 0.25[m]∼0.75[m]까지도 내려왔다. 개구부의 흐름형태는 분산화재의 경우는 filling과 buoyant흐름이 나타났고, 집중화재의 경우는 filling에서 바로 flow로 가고 또 flow기간도 길게 나타났다. 경계면 높이가 내려오는 속도는 가구의 가연성 및 공기와의 접촉면적에 비례하여 경계면 높이가 1[m] 근처까지 내려오는데 소요되는 시간은 1분∼3분 이내로 나타났다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.104-107
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• 2015

Purpose: Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator and inhaled NO (iNO) is used in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to improve alveolocapillary gas exchange. The mechanism to improve oxygenation is likely to redistribute blood flow from unventilated areas to ventilated areas. Though improvement of oxygenation, iNO therapy has not been shown to improve mortality and considered as only rescue therapy in severe hypoxemia. We conducted the study to investigate an efficacy of iNO in trauma patients with severe hypoxemia. Methods: We reviewed the trauma patients who underwent iNO therapy retrospectively from 2010 to 2014. Degree of hypoxemia was represented as $PaO_2/FiO_2$ ratio (PFR) and the severity of patient was represented with sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. Patients were divided into the survivor group and non-survivor group according to the 28-day mortality. Results: A total of 20 patients were enrolled. The mortality of 28-day was 40%. There were no significant differences between survivor and non-survivor group in age, sex, severity of injury, PFR and SOFA score. There was significant difference in initiation time of iNO after injury (p=0.047). Maximum combinations of sensitivity and specificity for timing of iNO therapy were observed using cut-off of 3-day after injury with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 75%. Conclusion: Though iNO therapy does not influence the mortality, iNO therapy may decrease the mortality caused by respiratory failure in the early phase of trauma.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2015

Purpose: We investigated comparison of clinical characteristics and prognosis by initial endoscopic severity in caustic injury and then discussed predisposing factors which can be helpful in predicting the prognosis and determining the treatment. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of medical records from patients over the age of 15, who underwent initial endoscopy for caustic injury from April 2007 through November 2014. Patients were classified according to two groups based on the initial endoscopic finding by Zargar's classification: patients with grade 0, I, IIa at esophagus (low risk group) and patients with grade IIb, IIIa, IIIb at esophagus (high risk group). The two groups were then compared. Results: A total of 55 patients were included (low risk group [n=44] vs. high risk group [n=11]). Old age (p<0.001), large amount of ingestion (p<0.05), oropharyngeal symptoms (p<0.01), high SOFA score (p<0.001), high WBC count (p<0.05), low base excess (p<0.01), and HCO3 (p<0.05) were statistically significant factors in the high risk group. A poor prognosis was observed for hospital stay (p<0.001), ICU admission (p<0.001), mortality (p<0.01), and stricture (p<0.001) in the high risk group. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics including age, amount of ingestion, oropharyngeal symptoms, SOFA score, WBC count, base excess, and $HCO_3$ can be helpful in the decision to undergo initial endoscopy and risk assessment by initial endoscopic severity can be helpful in predicting prognosis and determining the treatment plan.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제79권3호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2016

Background: One to three percent of cases of acute tuberculosis (TB) require monitoring in the intensive care unit (ICU). The purpose of this study is to establish and determine the mortality rate and discuss the causes of high mortality in these cases, and to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings of TB patients admitted to the pulmonary ICU. Methods: The data of patients admitted to the ICU of Yedikule Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Education and Research Hospital due to active TB were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic characteristics, medical history, and clinical and laboratory findings were evaluated. Results: Thirty-five TB patients (27 males) with a median age of 47 years were included, of whom 20 died within 30 days (57%). The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores were significantly higher, and albumin and $PaO_2/FIO_2$ levels were significantly lower, and shock, multiple organ failure, the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and drug resistance were more common in the patients who died. The mortality risk was 7.58 times higher in the patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. The SOFA score alone was a significant risk factor affecting survival. Conclusion: The survival rate is low in cases of tuberculosis treated in an ICU. The predictors of mortality include the requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation and multiple organ failure. Another factor specific to TB patients is the presence of drug resistance, which should be taken seriously in countries where there is a high incidence of the disease. Finding new variables that can be established with new prospective studies may help to decrease the high mortality rate.