• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2019

PURPOSE. Although dental impression disinfection is determinant to reduce the cross-infection risk, some studies have shown that, in real practice, the disinfection procedures vary considerably. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness and the impact on the dimensional stability of addition silicone' impressions of water wash and the most clinically used disinfection solutions: 3% hydrogen peroxide, commercial disinfectant MD520 (Durr) and 1% and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. MATERIALS AND METHODS. For this investigation, dental impressions were taken on 16 volunteer dental students. The antimicrobial effectiveness of each procedure was evaluated by pour plate method. The dimensional stability was evaluated using a standardized stainless-steel model, according to ANSI/ADA nº19 specification. RESULTS. The study results showed that water wash does not alter the dimensional stability of addition silicone impressions but doesn't reduce the microbial load of the material (P>.05). On the other hand, addition silicone disinfection by immersion with 3% hydrogen peroxide, MD520 (Durr), or sodium hypochlorite at 1% and 5.25% does not alter the dimensional stability significantly but reduces > 99.9% of the microbial load of the impressions (P<.001). CONCLUSION. Addition silicone impressions should always be disinfected after water wash in order to reduce effectively the cross-infection risk. All disinfectants tested showed high antimicrobial efficiency without significant changes in three-dimensional shape of impressions. Hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite are of particular importance because are easily accessible in dental setting. The less explored hydrogen peroxide could be a valuable alternative for silicone impressions disinfection.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.395-399
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to analyze characteristics of high sodium intaker and factors affecting sodium intake using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). For this study we used two statistical methods, the cluster analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Cluster analysis was used to classify groups of sodium intake. For the analysis of the factors affecting sodium intake, we applied the ANOVA. The average daily intake for Korean is about 3,783 mg sodium per day; this amount is high than recommendation of the WTO. The demographic characteristics of people with higher sodium intake were found to be men more so women, and younger men with a higher education. Height, weight and size of a person's waistline were also characteristics of those with higher sodium intake. Also worker, smoker, those without a hypertension diagnosis, as well as those with a higher the drinking rate and higher eating out frequency tended to have a higher intake of sodium. The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) had established a plan to reduce sodium intake to 3,500 mg per day to 2020. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to educate people about high sodium intake, particularly those at higher risk, according to the results of this study. Through these efforts, the social costs of high sodium intake could be reduced, improving national health.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.812-825
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the importance and performance level of sodium reduction practices in school meal service by school nutrition teachers and dietitians, and compared them according to school level and placement of the school nutrition teacher. SUBJECTS/METHODS: An online survey was conducted with 608 nutrition teachers and dietitians in schools in the Republic of Korea from September 28 to November 12, 2021 (response rate: 57%). The questionnaire comprised 11 items related to sodium reduction practices (purchasing, food preparation and serving, and education). The importance and performance level of each item was rated on a 5-point scale. The mean differences were analyzed using t-tests or one-way analyses of variance and Duncan's post-hoc tests. An importance-performance analysis was performed on sodium reduction practices. RESULTS: Participating in sodium reduction education, sodium reduction education for cooks, and sodium reduction education for students were assessed to have high importance but low performance. Overall, the higher the school level, the lower was the importance level of sodium reduction practices. The performance in kindergartens and elementary schools was higher than that in middle and high schools. The importance in the purchasing category perceived by dietitians was lower as compared to nutrition teachers. In addition, the performance in the purchasing, food preparation and serving, and education categories perceived by dietitians was lower than those of nutrition teachers. CONCLUSION: Sodium reduction education for nutrition teachers and dietitians, cooks, and students should prioritize practicing sodium reduction in school meal service. Specific guidelines for managing sodium reduction at all stages-purchasing, food preparation, and serving-should also be developed. The results could be used as basic data to reduce the sodium content in school meals.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.351-362
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• 2020

This study investigated the possibility of reducing sodium and sugar intake in the Bulgogi bowl and yogurt, respectively, by utilizing food and non-food factors. Sodium and sugar replacers were the target food factors, and eating environment was the target non-food factor. The sodium content of Bulgogi bowls was reduced by 40%, and a flavor enhancer was applied to compensate for the reduced saltiness. Low calorie sweeteners, such as sucralose and stevia, were used to lower the sugar content of yogurt by 30%. Consumers were asked to evaluate the samples in one of the three eating environments: private booth evaluation, BOOTH; watching video clips during evaluation, VIDEO; conversation with friends during evaluation, FRIEND. The results showed that applying sodium or sugar replacers were effective in lowering sodium or sugar intake, respectively, without compromising the acceptance level of samples. Significant influences of the eating environment were observed on liking and perception of samples, but the influence patterns were not consistent between Bulgogi bowl and yogurt.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2003

Agricultural drainage salt generated during irrigation of crops in San Joaquin Valley, California, exceeds 600,000 tons annually and cumulates in the field in a rapid rate. As a result, the waste is taking out more farmlands for salt storage and disposal, imposing serious concerns to environment and local agricultural industry. In searching for a potential solution to reduce or eliminate the waste, this research explored feasibility of producing a value-added product, sodium sulfate, from the waste and utilizing the product in textile dyeing. The results indicated that sodium sulfate could be produced from the salt and could be purified by a recrystallization method in a temperature range within the highest and lowest daily temperatures in summer in the valley. The recovered sodium sulfate samples, with purities ranging from 67% to 99.91, were compared with commercially available sodium sulfate in the dyeing of levelling dyes. In nylon fabrics, the salt samples had little color difference in the dyeing with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 and C.I. Acid Blue 158. All salt samples' gray scale was 5 grade. In wool fabrics, the salt samples had little color difference in dyeing with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 and C.I. Arid Blue 158. All salt samples' gray scale was 5 grade. Generally, the dyeing of levelling dyes using recovered salts from farm drainage had little color difference than the dyeing of levelling dyes using commercial sodium sulfate.

• 대한지역사회영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한지역사회영양학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 및 사단법인 창립총회:한국인의 적정 소금섭취를 위한 식생활 전략
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• pp.405-409
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• 2002

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.174-187
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• 2022

본 연구는 가정 내의 식품구매와 조리를 주로 담당하는 주부를 대상으로 나트륨 줄이기 영양교육프로그램을 개발하고 전국적인 교육을 실시한 후 설문지로 교육전·후환경적·인지적·행동적 요인의 변화와 행동변화 단계 분포를 조사하여 교육효과를 분석하였다. 교육에 참여하여 분석된 대상자는 387명으로 평균연령 54세, 고졸이상 학력이 87.6%였다. 교육 후 나트륨 줄이기와 관련된 사회적 노력과 영양표시에 대한 인지 비율이 증가하고 소금, 간장, 치즈, 스낵 및 칩 등의 저나트륨 제품 구매경험이 높아졌다. 나트륨 섭취 줄이기의 긍정적 결과로 골다공증 예방에 대한 기대가 높아졌고, 부정적 장애요인의 평균점수가 낮아졌는데 특히 '가족이나 친구와 함께 식사할 때 사회적 관계의 제한으로 혼자 저나트륨식을 실천하기 어려움', '저나트륨식은 맛이 없음', '나트륨 줄이기 실천을 위한 기술, 정보, 방법을 모름', '국, 찌개 등의 국물음식 선호' (p <0.05)의 항목들이 유의미하게 개선되었다. 나트륨 섭취 줄이기와 관련된 인식 및 영양지식은 모든 항목에서 향상되었으나 나트륨 섭취 줄이기 실행과 관련된 자아효능감은 '가공식품과 인스턴트 식품보다는 신선식품을 구매하겠음' 항목만 유의미한 점수향상을 보였다 (p < 0.05). 또한 교육 후 나트륨 섭취 줄이기와 관련된 식행동도 '국, 찌개나 국수류의 국물을 다 먹는 편이다' (p < 0.05)와 '식품구매나 외식할 때 영양표시의 나트륨 함량을 확인하는 편이다' (p < 0.001)의 항목만 개선되어 한계가 있었다. 나트륨 줄이기 행동변화 단계는 행동전단계가 교육 전 43.2%에서 교육 후 21.5%로 감소하고, 행동단계는 교육 전 19.6%에서 교육 후 43.5%로 증가되었다. 특히 교육 전 행동전단계인 대상자들은 교육 후 모든 부분의 점수가 향상되어 가장 뚜렷한 효과가 나타났다. 결론적으로 나트륨 섭취 줄이기를 위한 식품구매와 조리에 집중하여 주부 대상으로 개발된 본 영양교육 프로그램은 단기간임에도 나트륨 섭취 줄이기에 대한 결과기대와 인식, 영양지식을 향상시키고 나트륨 섭취 줄이기 실행단계를 개선시켜 집단의 행동변화 유도에 효과적이었으며, 식행동개선을 위한 후속 연구의 기초자료를 제공한 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.198-203
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• 1999

Loxoprofen-Na (sodium 2-〔4-(2-oxocyclopentylmethyl)pheny)propionate dihydrate) is a potent analgesic drug. We developed loxoprofen-Na plasters to extend duration time of analgesic activity and to reduce side effect on gastrointestinal tract. Analgesic effect of Loxoprofen-Na plasters was investigated. Loxoprofen-Na plaster had good analgesic effect in rat paw pressure test, Tail-flick latency test and acetic acid-induced writhing test. Also, it had anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema. In pharmacokinetic study of Loxoprofen-Na, plasters dosage form showed that plasma drug concentration was prolonged up to 14 hours. So, we can conclude that loxoprofen-Na plasters, when applied on skin, will be a new type of drug for controlling the various local pain or inflammation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1525-1527
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• 2015

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of riboflavin sodium phosphate on prevention of radiotherapy related esophagitis (RRE). Methods: This retrospective study involved 55 patients with middle and advanced esophageal cancer who were divided into an experimental group of 28 and a control group of 27 patients. Those in the experimental group were treated with riboflavin sodium phosphate combined with conventional symptomatic treatment during radiotherapy; while patients in control group received the latter alone. The incidence and degree of RRE were compared after radiotherapy. Results: The incidences of RRE in experimental and control group were 53.5% and 81.4%, respectively (p<0.05); the incidence of stages III and IV RRE in the experimental group was 17.8%, while in the control group it was 44.4% (p<0.05). Conclusion: Riboflavin sodium phosphate could significantly prevent RRE and reduce the incidence of stage III and IV disease. These results were worthy of further confirmation by randomized controlled trials.

• 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.402-408
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• 2018

Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporters type 2 (SGLT2) are proposed as a novel approach for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. SGLT2 cotransporters are responsible for reabsorption of 90 % of the glucose filtered by the kidney. The glucuretic effect resulting from SGLT2 inhibition contributes to reduce hyperglycaemia and also assists weight loss and blood pressure reduction. In this study, we presented the case of a 59-year-old male who developed hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), possibly caused by a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, a novel class of antihyperglycemic agents. This case highlights that HHS can develop in patients with diabetes treated with SGLT2 inhibitors.