• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.255-261
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• 2000

To investigate what kinds effect arsenic exert on the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow cells to the neutrophilic granulocytes lineage cells, we treated sodium arsenite to murine bone marrow cells without or with the stimulation of G-CSF. When we added the various concentrations oj sodium arsenite to bone marrow cells without the stimulation of G-CSF for I, 3, 5 or 7 days, sodium arsenite did not make an any effect up to 2.5 $\mu\textrm{M}$$\mu\textrm{M}$$\mu\textrm{M}$$\mu\textrm{M}$$\mu\textrm{M}$$m\ell$ of G-CSF was induced by the co treatment of 12.5 $\mu\textrm{M}$

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.647-659
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• 2000

o assess the food intake and the sodium and potassium intakes and urinary excretion of preschool children in Pusan and to evaluate the relationship among variables dietary behaviors food and nutrient intake and 24hr urinary sodium and potassium excretion were measured with 97 subjects. The mean sodium and potassium intakes were 1890. 1mg(82,2meq) and 1479.7mg(37.8meq) respectively. The mean potassium intake(p<0.05) and density(p<0.01) were significantly low at the group who had food intake pattern absen of fruit and daily groups. The mean urinary sodium and potassium excretion were 735.3mg(32.0meq) and 418.7mg(10.7meq) respectively. The mean sodium intake(p<0.01) and urinary excretion were 735.3mg(32.0meq) and 418.7mg(10.7meq) respectively. The mean sodium intake(p<0.01) and urinary excretion (p<0.001, p<0.001) energy intake(p<0.01) sodium intake and density (p<0.001, p<0.05) the food number and intake frequency of vegetable group consumed (p<0.01, p<0.01) dietary frequency score(p<0.05) and negative correlations with the food number and frequency of dairy group consumed (p<0.05 p<0.05) The urinary potassium excretion showed positive correlations with height and weight(p<0.05, p<0.01) urine volume and urinary creatinie excretion(p<0.01 p<0.001) potassium intake(p<0.05) food number and intake frequency of dairy group consumed (p<0.05, p<0.001). Based on the results urinary sodium excretion was related to age sodium intake and food intake of vegetable and dairy group and urinary potassium excretion was related to potassium intake and food intake of dairy group. So nutritional education is needed in order to decrease sodium intake especially from food intake of vegetable group when preschool children have less food intake of diary group,.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2006

Aqueous solution of sodium glycinate was checked as a suitable $CO_2$ absorbent from the flu gas in the thermal power plant. For this purpose, solubility, vapor pressure, latent heat of vaporization and thermal conductivity were determined for pure and aqueous solution of sodium glycinate. The solubility of sodium glycinate in the solvent, 25 g of $H_2O$, was increased with increasing the temperature and their relation was represented as a first order equation of y = 0.3471x + 20.993. The vapor pressure for 10 wt％ to 60 wt％ of aqueous sodium glycinate solution were determined and the latent heat of vaporization of each aqueous solution was calculated from measured vapor pressure using Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Besides, thermal conductivity of sodium glycinate powder was also determined and it was $1.0933kcal/m{\cdot}hr{\cdot}^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 1996

Changes of the growth of microorganisms, pH, and TBA values were examined for chickens treated with 5% potassium sorbate, 5% sodium acid pyrophosphate, and mixture of 2.5% potassium sorbate and 2.5% sodium acid pyrophosphate solution during 15 days at 4$^{\circ}C$. Treatment of the mixture solution inhibited synergistically the growth of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria and suppressed effectively enteric bacilli. Potassium sorbate treatment was the most effective on inhibition of the growth of yeast and mold. The extension of lag phase for psychrotrophic bacteria and enteric bacilli was observed by the treatment of the mixture solution of potassium sorbate plus sodium acid pyrophosphate and the potassium sorbate solution. PHs of chickens were increased during the storage, which might induce the decline of antimicrobial effect. Sodium acid pyrophosphate was expected to give antioxidant effect as well as antimicrobial effect for high fat foods because the lowest increase of TBA value for chickens treated nth sodium acid pyrophosphate was measured.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.168-175
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• 2017

This study surveyed the status of recognition, effort, and satisfaction of customers on a low-sodium diet in industry foodservice. For recognition related to sodium intake, 34.6% answered 'sure' for awareness of WHO's recommended daily sodium intake. Recognition of healthiness of low-sodium diet scored an average of $3.77{\pm}0.8$. The most frequent dietary effort related to low-sodium diet was 'I leave the broth of soup/stew (23.7%)', and the most common reason for not making an effort related to low-sodium diet was 'I often eat out (25.2%)'. Recognition of saltiness of foodservice meals was $2.84{\pm}0.69$, and the saltiest food was 'kimchi (30.4%)', followed by 'side dish (17.9%)', 'soup/stew (16.8%)', and 'sauce (8.3%)'. Satisfaction of low-sodium foodservice meal was $3.04{\pm}0.71$. Reasons for recognition of saltiness of foodservice meal were mostly 'appropriate' or 'prefer less salty (86%)'. In the analysis of satisfaction of low-sodium foodservice meal according to occupation, satisfaction of 'level of saltiness ($F=5.046^{**}$)' scored an average of $3.18{\pm}0.72$, with the highest satisfaction from 'professionals'. Satisfaction of 'dietary behaviors related to sodium ($F=3.534^{**}$)' scored an average of $3.95{\pm}0.59$, with the highest satisfaction from 'government employees (p<0.01)'. These study results show that despite recognition of the healthiness of a low-sodium diet, efforts toward practicing the diet were less than adequate. Further, 25% felt that foodservice meal was a blend, whereas satisfaction of low-sodium diet was only 19%. Therefore, continuous education and advertisements are necessary in order to raise awareness as well as developing more concrete methods during preparation of meals, such as using a salt meter.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.225-232
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to expand sodium reduction practices by analyzing the awareness, practice, and obstruction of sodium reduction by middle school dietitians. Questionnaires were administered to 146 dietitians in the Busan area. The average score for the dietitians' awareness of low-sodium diets was 4.21/5.00, and dietitians in their 30s and over 40 reported significantly (p<0.05) higher awareness than those in their 20s The average practice scores for low-sodium diets was 3.74/5.00, 3.80/5.00 for cooking, 3.77/5.00 for food choice, and 3.60/5.00 for action. The average scores of obstruction for low-sodium diets was 3.58/5.00, 3.93/5.00 for low-sodium products, 3.88/5.00 for students, 3.71/5.00 for dietitians, 3.12/5.00 for facilities, 2.86/5.00 for cooks. Dietitians over 40 and those with graduate school degrees had significantly (p<0.05) higher scores for low-sodium products. Regarding practice and obstruction for low-sodium diets, dietitians with high awareness scores had significantly (p<0.01) higher scores for practice and lower scores for obstruction of low-sodium diets. These findings suggest that it is critical to develop diverse low-sodium products and recipes, and that dietitians should educate students about the necessity and the practice of reduced sodium diets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to estimate the sodium and potassium intakes and their metabolisms of preschool children, and to evaluate the relationship between the blood pressure and the related variables. The subjects consisted of ninety-five preschool children aged two to six years (male 57, female 38). Twenty-four hour urines of subjects were collected for the measurements of their volume, sodium, potassium, creatinine and urea nitrogen. At the same time, the questionnaire was designed to assess the sodium and potassium intakes. The' results obtained were as follows; 1) The urinary excretion of sodium in 24 hours was 54.6$\pm$22.4mEq(orI255.8mg)and dietary sodium intake was 2147.0$\pm$518.4mg. The dietary sodium intake significantly increased with increasing age(p=O.0151). However, daily sodium intake per unit body surface area did not show significant difference by age. 2)The urinary excretion of potassium in 24 hours was 14.2$\pm$7.6 mEq (or 555.2mg) and the potassium intake was 1133.8mg. 3) The urinary excretions of creatinine and urea nitrogen were 240.2$\pm$126.2mg and 2946.7$\pm$1693.9mg, respectively. 4) The principal food SOUTce of sodium intake was the seasoning group, which con\ulcornertributed 49.9% to total sodium intake. 5) The main food source of potassium intake was milk and milk products; from which 28.6% of total potassium intake was obtained. 6) The blood pressure showed highly positive correlations with height, weight and body surface area (p$\leq$O.OOl) . In addition, the blood pressure was found to be correlat\ulcornered with urinary sodium excetion and dietary sodium intake (p$\leq$O.Ol).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.338-344
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• 2010

A double rotation C-scanning system and a software program Under-Sodium MultiVIEW have been developed for the under-sodium viewing of a reactor core and in-vessel structures of a sodium-cooled fast reactor KALIMER-600. Double rotation C-scanning system has been designed and manufactured by the reproduction of double rotation plug of a reactor head in KALIMER-600. Hardware system which consists of a double rotating scanner, ultrasonic waveguide sensors, a high power ultrasonic pulser-receiver, a scanner driving module and a multi channel A/D board have been constructed. The functions of scanner control, image mapping and signal processing of Under-Sodium MultiVIEW program have been implemented by using a LabVIEW graphical programming language. The performance of Under-Sodium MultiVIEW program was verified by a double rotation C-scanning test in water.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.115-126
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• 1983

The results that the effect of 6 detergents on the structural changes and biochemical composition of bacterial membrane of Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus are as follows ; 1. Population growth of the bacteria was increased in case of the treatment with palmitoyl carnitine and sodium deoxy cholate but was increased in case of the treatment with palmitoyl carnitine and sodium deoxy cholate but was decreased by sodium dodecyl sulfate and palmitoyl choline, in E.coli and was decreased by palmitoyl carnitine and palmitoyl choline at the low concentration, in B. cereus. 2. The electron micrograph showed that cell wall lysis or cell collapse were observed in the treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate and palmitoyl choline, and also cell wall was condensed by triton X-100 and sodium deoxy cholate, in E.coli. And in B. cereus, endospore formation of the bacteria was stimulated by palmitoyl choline, and cell lysis or structural changes of the membrane were observed in the treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium cholate, and triton X-100, respectively. 3. As to the effect of detergent on the biochemical composition of biomembrane, the content of carnitine, in E.coli, and B.cereus, the content of structural protein and phospholipid were decreased by treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate and structural protein was denatured by palmitoyl choline. 4. The profile of membrane protein revealed that the bacterial membrane were composed of various proteins. By dint of this result, some of membrane proteins were solubilized or changed to small molecules by the treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate and palmitoyl choline, in E.coli and membrane protein of the biomembrane by treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium deoxy cholate, palmitoyl choline, and palmitoyl carnitine were confirmed to be different profile as compared with those of the control, in B. cereus. Therefore, it is suggested that sodium dfodecyl sulfate and palmitoyl choline soulbilized biomembranes or inhibited membrane transport and that palmitoyl carnitine and sodium deoxy cholate were used as an energy source or stimulating the membrane transport, in E.coli. And, it is suggested that all of detergents were inhibited biomembrane synthesis, expet saponin, in B.cereus.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.395-399
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to analyze characteristics of high sodium intaker and factors affecting sodium intake using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). For this study we used two statistical methods, the cluster analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Cluster analysis was used to classify groups of sodium intake. For the analysis of the factors affecting sodium intake, we applied the ANOVA. The average daily intake for Korean is about 3,783 mg sodium per day; this amount is high than recommendation of the WTO. The demographic characteristics of people with higher sodium intake were found to be men more so women, and younger men with a higher education. Height, weight and size of a person's waistline were also characteristics of those with higher sodium intake. Also worker, smoker, those without a hypertension diagnosis, as well as those with a higher the drinking rate and higher eating out frequency tended to have a higher intake of sodium. The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) had established a plan to reduce sodium intake to 3,500 mg per day to 2020. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to educate people about high sodium intake, particularly those at higher risk, according to the results of this study. Through these efforts, the social costs of high sodium intake could be reduced, improving national health.