• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.565-575
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• 2019

Objectives: In this study, both subjective and objective levels of oral health were used to identify the relationship between oral health inequalities. Methods: Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey data from 2013 to 2015 were combined to create an analysis plan. Oral health questions categorized as subjective oral health conditions and oral health-related diseases used dental tissue disease status as data measured by the Community Periodical Index(CPI) and decayed, missing, filled teeth(DMFT) experience. Other data on oral health behaviors such as toothache experience, the frequency of toothbrush use, chewing problems, oral examination status, and unmet dental care needs were classified and analyzed according to the socioeconomic level. Data were analyzed using frequency and cross analyses, and the statistical significance level was set at 0.05. Results: It was found that higher the economic and educational level, better was the subjective oral health, lower the CPI, lower the experience of toothache, higher the frequency of toothbrush use, lower the number of people having chewing problems, and higher the frequency of oral checkups. Conclusions: Oral health inequality exists among social classes. It is suggested that continuous research and efforts be carried out to promote oral health while considering socioeconomic and educational levels. Further, active government efforts will be needed to address polarization by social class.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2017

이 연구의 목적은 고용형태별 소득계층과 사회경제적 계층인식에 따른 건강상태 영향 요인을 알아보고자 하는데 있다. 한국노동연구원에서 실시한 한국노동패널 자료 중 18차 자료를 활용하여 만 20세 이상의 성인 5,158명을 최종 분석대상으로 하였다. 연구결과 정규직과 비정규직 모두 소득계층과 사회경제적 계층인식 간 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며, '중하'만이 계층 간 일치하였다. 이러한 결과는 우리사회의 정규직과 비정규직에 상관없이 실제 소득계층에 비해 상대적으로 낮게 인식하고 있기 때문으로 분석된다. 회귀분석결과 정규직은 사회경제적 계층인식이 낮을수록, 비정규직은 소득계층이 낮을수록, 사회경제적 계층인식이 낮을수록, 특히 비정규직의 경우 연금이 가입되지 않은 경우 건강상태가 나쁜 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 비정규직 근로자들의 연금보험 납부금액의 적정성은 물론 소득이 상실되는 시점에 현실을 반영한 적절한 연금액이 지급 될 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 또한 다양한 교육과 홍보를 위한 정부, 경영계, 노동계간의 협력 등 다양한 방법을 모색하여야 한다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify unmet healthcare needs among man and woman one-person households and to explore related factors by gender. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The final sample consisted of 820 one-person households. The statistical analysis, conducted in SPSS version 20.1, included complex sampling analysis; descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and logistic regression. Results: The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of women in one-person households were significantly different from those of men in one-person households. Women in single-person households were mainly in their 70s or older and married, and they tended to have a low education level, low income, and no formal occupation. Unmet healthcare needs were experienced by 17.3% of women in one-person households and 13.5% of men in one-person households, which was not a statistically significant difference (χ²=2.17, p=.139). Factors related to unmet healthcare needs were subjective health status and unmet dental care needs in single-person-household men. By contrast, having experienced impairment within the past year, stress, and unmet dental care needs were factors related to unmet healthcare needs in single-person-household women. Conclusion: As one-person households become increasingly common, more attention needs to be paid to them and our understanding of them needs to be improved. Women in one-person households, in particular, are especially vulnerable, as they experience more unmet healthcare needs.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2023

Objectives: This study used the 2018 Korea Health Panel Survey data to analyze factors affecting employment status and income relating to unmet dental and medical care needs. Additionally it investigated measures to reduce oral health inequality among various socioeconomic classes. Methods: Descriptive statistics for the subjects' unmet dental and medical care needs were calculated through chi-square test analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify factors affecting the unmet dental and medical care needs. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated for each level. These data were analyzed using STATA 17.0 SE (64-bit) version, and the statistical significance level was set to p<0.05. Results: As a result of unmet dental and medical care needs according to general characteristics, the lower the education level (p<0.001), the higher the age (p<0.001) and the lower the household equalization income (p<0.024) and the smoker status (p<0.003) were, respectively. Factors that have a statistically significant impact on unmet dental and medical care needs were divorce, separation and bereavement (p<0.001) in individuals than in married persons, and being smokers than non-smokers (p<0.009). The frequency of unmet dental and medical care needs were found to be lower in the cases of a high school graduate than an elementary school graduate (p<0.018), and of higher household equalization income (p<0.001) than the lowest household equalization income, respectively. Conclusions: It was found that various factors such as age, education level, household equalization income, employment status, type of working hours type, and smoking status affect unmet dental and medical care needs.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.288-302
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• 2019

Background: The one-person households (OPH) are rapidly increasing and vulnerable to socioeconomic and health problems. Because it is predicted to be inequitable to health care utilization, we would like to find out about the equity of health care utilization of the OPH by comparison with the multi-person households (MPH). Methods: This study followed the theoretical framework of Wagstaff and van Doorslaer (2000), O'Donnell and his colleagues (2008), where the horizontal inequity index is the difference between the concentration indices of actual health care utilization and health care needs. This study employed the 9th Korea Health Panel survey, and a total of 10,807 cases were analyzed. Health care needs were measured by age, sex, subjective health status, chronic disease count, Charlson's Comorbidity Index, limitation of activities, and disability. Results: Compared with the MPH, there were pro-poor inequities in hospitalization, emergency utilization, hospitalization out-of-pocket payments, and pro-rich inequities in outpatient out-of-pocket payments for the OPH. The decomposition of the concentration index revealed that chronic disease count made the largest contribution to socioeconomic inequality in outpatient utilization. Age, health insurance, economic activities, and subjective health status also proved more important contributors to inequality. The variables contributing to the hospitalization and emergency utilization inequity were age, education, Charlson's Comorbidity Index, marital status, and income. Conclusion: Because the OPH was more vulnerable to health problems than the MPH and there were pro-poor inequities in medical utilization, hospitalization, and emergency costs, it is necessary to develop a policy that can correct and improve the portion of high contribution to medical utilization of the OPH.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.459-467
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to suggest the strategies for improvement of home-delivered meal services for the elderly, to identify reasons for recipients to get started with the services and to evaluate the attitude, acceptability and adaptation of recipients to the services from the perspective of life context. Methods: The data was collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews with eighteen low-income elderly recipients of home-delivered meals and analyzed using a qualitative research method. Results: The results were deduced as four themes which comprised of long-term vulnerable socioeconomic contexts resulted in entry to the services, conflicting acceptability to the services, passive adaptation to taking the services, and positive practices to cope with supplement free meals or other services. The service participation was initiated because of a combination of prolonged, vulnerable socioeconomic contexts, including poverty and unexpected life events such as diseases, disability, living alone, aging and unemployment. With regard to taking the services, conflicting acceptability was observed: positive aspects including saving living cost and good quality of meals, and negative aspects including lack of a tailored service and feeling of stigma. Although the recipients needed an individualized service, they did not express their needs and demands for the services and they accepted the unavailability as an accustomed, prolonged vulnerable socioeconomic context. With regard to lack of tailored services, either self-solution such as modification of eating patterns or community-based network and services were used. Conclusions: We suggest that a system to concretely identify recipients' attitude, acceptability and adaptation for home-delivered meal services should be developed in the establishment of a tailored nutrition support system for the low-income elderly.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to identify factors related to job satisfaction according to socioeconomic status and job related factors among community health practitioners. Method: A total of 91 community health practitioners participated in the survey. The survey was performed in November, 2008. The survey instruments included socioeconomic factors, work related factors and job satisfaction. The statistical analysis included frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and multiple regression. Results: The mean age was $44.03{\pm}5.21$ years, 35.1% graduated from baccalaureate program. Job satisfactions related to wage level and job description had relatively lower score than other items. Job satisfaction was significantly different by education level, marital status, and motivation for choosing to be a community health practitioner. Conclusion: Characteristics of community health practitioners are changing and the Korean government needs to up-date job descriptions and welfare policies according to the higher quality of public health practitioners.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7401-7407
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• 2015

Cervical cancer continues to be a serious public health problem in the developing world, including China. Because of its large population with geographical and socioeconomic inequities, China has a high burden of cervical cancer and important disparities among different regions. In this review, we first present an overview of the cervical cancer incidence and mortality over time, and focus on diversity and disparity in access to care for various subpopulations across geographical regions and socioeconomic strata in China. Then, we describe population-based cervical cancer screening in China, and in particular implementation of the National Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Rural Areas (NACCSPRA) and the challenges that this program faces. These include low screening coverage, shortage of qualified health care personnel and limited funds. To improve prevention of cervical cancer and obtain better cancer outcomes, the Chinese government needs to urgently consider the following key factors: reducing disparities in health care access, collecting accurate and broadly representative data in cancer registries, expanding target population size and increasing allocation of government funding for training of personnel, improving health education for women, enhancing quality control of screening services and improving a system to increase follow up for women with positive results.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.171-175
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• 2020

대기오염의 사회경제적 효과에 대한 연구에는 측정된 대기오염 물질, 기상 자료, 그리고 사회경제적 데이터의 병합이 필요하다. 이들 자료들의 시간적·공간적 범위와 단위가 상이하기 때문에 분석에 필요한 데이터 가공에 많은 시간과 노력이 요구된다. 본 데이터의 구축은 사회과학 분야에서 널리 사용되는 대표적인 대기오염 및 기상 변수를 시군구 단위로 제공하는 것을 목표로 한다. 2020년 8월 기준 배포 버전 데이터의 시간적 범위는 2001년부터 2018년이며, 공간적 범위는 250개 시군구로서 패널 형태의 자료를 제공한다. 본 데이터의 기상 변수들은 대기오염 관련 분석뿐만 아니라 다양한 사회과학의 연구에서 사용할 수 있는 주요 변수들을 포함하고 있다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.104-122
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• 2010

Long-term care insurance has been introduced in Korea a year ago, and we are in a stage requiring to set principles regarding the generosity of coverage and how to gradually extend the coverage. This study empirically analyzes how the long-term care insurance in Korea is operated. Special attention is given to who is the main beneficiary of the long-term care insurance introduction, and what is the factors influencing the elderly's decision to apply for or use long-term care services. Use of a detailed information of individuals' public health insurance and long-term care insurance from administration data made it possible to control for health status, socioeconomic status including family type, housing tenure, income level. Logit models were employed to analyze the effects of various socioeconomic factors on the likelihood of applying and using long-term care services. Also, this study employed a survey questioning whether to ever willing to take other option as a alternative to residential care or home-care and the level of cash benefit for which they are willing to replace the formal care with informal care. The result indicated that although the poorest elderly population groups are in the greatest need for the long-term care service, they are in difficulty using the service due to economic burden. This implies the copayment amount needs to be adjusted in order for the poor elderly group to be able to get the benefit of the long-term care service.