• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to classify men in their 20s by their sex role attitudes, and to study their appearance management behavior and inner characteristic variables such as socio-cultural attitudes on appearance and bodily image, which are expected to influence the appearance management behavior of each classified group. For this, a survey of 393 males in the 20s in Seoul and metropolitan areas was conducted. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and F-test were conducted on the data. First, as a result of analysis on sex role attitudes, four groups were categorized: Masculinity, Femininity, Androgyny and Undifferentiation. Second, the analysis of individual variables resulted in appearance management behavior being separated into five categories: Interests in fashion, Proper choice of clothing, Importance of bodily attractiveness, Pursuit for personality and Complementation of physical weaknesses. The socio-cultural attitude on 'appearance' was sub-categorized into Internalization, and Awareness, while 'body image' was divided into Cognitive behavioral and Affective aspects. Regarding differences in socio-cultural attitudes for appearance, body image and metro-sexual lifestyle attitudes, the androgyny group produced the highest scores. Based on these results, it can be concluded that people who take care of their physical appearance, cope effectively with social and circumstantial requirements for happiness and success, and respond flexibly and affirmatively.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.151-158
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of each type after categorizing the clothing lifestyle of 394 male office workers in their 30s and 50s. The data were analyzed with PASW 18.0 using frequency analysis, k-means cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and crosstabs analysis. According to findings, first of all, types of clothing lifestyle are divided into 4 groups: a type of fashion leader(22.3%), a type of price sensitive(12.2%), a type of fashion indifference(27.9%), a type of normcore fashion(37.6%). Secondly, the types of clothing lifestyle showed statistically significant difference age, marital status, job and monthly average household income of socio-economic variables. Thirdly, the types of clothing lifestyle showed statistically significant difference monthly average appearance care cost, suit count, monthly average clothing purchase cost, average purchase cost of one suit.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.483-496
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• 2020

This study examined the effects of eating alone, meal type, and dietary lifestyles on healthy eating capability of one-person households. We analyzed the mediation effects of weekly frequencies of each meal type taken by one-person households between eating habits such as eating alone and dietary lifestyles of one-person households and healthy eating capability. We also analyzed data from the 2019 Food Consumption Behavior Survey using a sample of 688 one-person households. Factor analysis, latent profile analysis, structural equation model analysis was conducted; direct and indirect effects of independent variables were tested using bootstrap method. The major results were as follows. Frequency of eating alone was about 10 times a week on average; one-person households had home-made meals about 12 times a week, for restaurant meals, 4 times, for delivered/take-out food, 0.39 times, and for other types, 0.44 times. Weekly frequencies of eating alone and meal types taken by one-person households were significantly different among the different socio-demographic groups. Dietary lifestyle was classified into four classes: traditional, health ignorant, food lifestyle ignorant, and balanced. Eating alone and dietary lifestyle had a significant effect on weekly frequency of each meal type. Frequencies of eating alone, balanced dietary lifestyle, and taking home-made meals had a positive direct effect on healthy eating capability, and frequency of taking delivered or take-out food and food consumption ignorant lifestyle had a negative direct effect. Eating alone, balanced and traditional dietary lifestyles had a positive indirect effect through the meal type; however, watching Mug-bang had a negative indirect effect.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.117-132
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• 1999

This study analyzed how not only socio-economic variables but also lifestyle variables affect the expenditure and the patterns of households. The result of multiple regression analysis resealed that economic variables(e.g, income, saving, property) and lifestyle variable(e.g, enjoyment and convenience seeking type) affected the consumption expenditure. Based on the result of cluster analysis, The consumption expenditure patterns of urban households were separated as 1)necessity dominant pattern, 2)transportation $.$ communication dominant patters, 3)other consumption dominant pattern, 4)education$.$culture and recreation dominant pattern. The result of logistic analysis revealed that debt, saying and living location variables were major factors to determine the consumption expenditure patterns of urban households. But did not Influence on the Consumption Expenditure Patterns.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1969-1974
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and associated factors regarding colorectal cancer screening among university students in Malaysia. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle practice and knowledge of colorectal screening. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 students ($21.3{\pm}1.4$ years old). The majority of the participants were Malay with a monthly family income of less than 5,000 Ringgit Malaysia (equal to 1,700 USD) (67.0% and 76.0%, respectively). Regarding their lifestyle practices, the majority were non-smokers and had never consumed alcohol (83.7%, and 88.0%, respectively). The majority of the participants had no knowledge of digital rectal examination, colonoscopy, barium enema and fecal occult blood screening (63.3%, 60.7%, 74.0% and 62.3%, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that their age and the discipline which the students were studying significantly influenced their level of knowledge about colorectal screening. The present study results indicate that education campaigns about colorectal cancer should be promoted.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1125-1130
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• 2012

Objective: The objective of present study is to investigate the determinants of smoking behaviour among adults in Malaysia. Method: Findings of the Third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-3) by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, were used. The sample consisted of 34,539 observations. A logistic regression model was thus applied to estimate the probability to participate in smoking. Results: Age, income, gender, marital status, ethnicity, employment status, residential area, education, lifestyle and health status were statistically significant in affecting the likelihood of smoking. Specifically, youngsters, low income earners, males, unmarried individuals, Malays, employed individuals, rural residents and primary educated individuals were more likely to smoke. Conclusion: In conclusion, socio-demographic, lifestyle and health factors have significant impacts on smoking participation in Malaysia. Based on these empirical findings, several policy implications are suggested.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.166-180
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• 2012

This review summarizes the epidemiology of cancer of the female reproductive system and associated lifestyle factors. It also assesses the available evidence for occupational factors associated with these cancers. Cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers are relatively common, and cause significant cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide, whereas vulvar, vaginal, fallopian tube cancers, and choriocarcinomas are very rare. As several lifestyle factors are known to play a major role in the etiology of these cancers, very few published studies have investigated possible relationships with occupational factors. Some occupational exposures have been associated with increased risks of these cancers, but apart from the available evidence on the relationships between asbestos fibers and ovarian cancer, and tetrachloroethylene and cervical cancer, the data is rather scarce. Given the multifactorial nature of cancers of the female reproductive system, it is of the utmost importance to conduct occupational studies that will gather detailed data on potential individual confounding factors, in particular reproductive history and other factors that influence the body's hormonal environment, together with information on socio-economic status and lifestyle factors, including physical activity from multiple sources. Studies on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in the female reproductive organs are also needed in order to elucidate the possible role of chemical exposures in the development of these cancers.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2022

This study was to analyze consumer confidence, satisfaction and repurchase intention after categorizing food-related lifestyle among 488 consumers who had experience purchasing convenience store lunch boxes. The data were analyzed with PASW 18.0 using frequency analysis, k-means cluster analysis, crosstabs analysis and one-way ANOVA. According to findings, first of all, types of food-related lifestyle are divided into 4 groups: a type of eating out(11.7%), a type of convenience seeking(18.3%), a type of food indifference(15%), a type of dietary interest(55%). Secondly, the types of food-related lifestyle showed statistically significant difference gender, age, marital status, education, monthly average household income, monthly average allowance, job, monthly average number of lunch box buying, lunch box purchase time zone and average one cost of lunch box buying of socio-economic variables. Thirdly, convenience seeking and dietary interest type showed the highest in consumer confidence and dietary interest type showed the highest level of satisfaction and repurchase intention.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.185-203
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• 1999

This paper is an exploratory study about perceived risks related to career women's fashion lifestyles in case of catalogue shopping. Three research questions are proposed: 1. The first is to examine the types of career women's fashion lifestyles. 2. The second is to find out the kinds of perceived risks when career women purchase fashion apparels through catalogues. 3. The third is to investigate the relationships between fashion lifestyles and perceived risks. The empirical results were as follows. First, career women's fashion lifestyles were distinctively divided into the fashion-oriented group, the casual preference group, and the brand-name preference group. Second, seven unique perceived risks such as socio-psychological perceived risks, product assortment perceived risks, quality/function perceived risks, customer services & conveniences perceive risks, economic perceived risks, and order waiting-time perceived risks were manifested when career women purchase fashion apparels using catalogues. Finally, significant differences in socio-psychological perceived risks, product assortment perceived risks, and quality/function perceived risks were shown among fashion lifestyle clusters. However, the others were not.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

We have witnessed several kinds of new discourses and practices in health and medicine since the 1970s, such as popular concerns with alternative or complementary medicine, inordinate attention to the promotion of 'healthy' living, rapid resurrection of traditional medicine and ecological management of health. Four structural and situational factors are discussed to underlie these new trends：(i) as 'crisis' in health care of the 1970s was translated into health care reform of the 1980s backed up by neo-liberal political philosophy, the state responsibility for nation's health is being transferred to the individual ；(ii) it resulted from the limits of biomedical paradigm in dealing with chronic diseases；(iii) medico-scientific knowledge of disease is transformed into the subjective discourses and technologies of health in postmodern society ； and (iv) it is deeply associated with the considerable increase in environmental risk perception of health and disease. There are some inherent countervailing forces in these new discourses and practices. First, while they derive from lifestyle-oriented behavioral change, medicalization of life and death is still consolidated in the new trends. Second, inasmuch as new tides are reliant upon science, they. are likely to be remote from techne that means not the practical application of theoretical knowing but a special form of practical knowing. Third, as new discourses and activities accomplished＇in the name of health＇increasingly occupy important strategies in forming the self-identity, they serve as moral apparatus which involves prescriptions about how we should live our lives and conduct our bodies, both individually and collectively. Therefore, two points are suggested to consider seriously whether these streams will succeed in improving the‘healthy’living of all the people. Instead of limiting tile perspective to medicine, healing and health care, a new matrix that interweave welfare, ecology and labor along with them is timely needed for enhancing the health for all. In addition, as the World Health Report fm strongly shows, inequality in health heavily depends upon socio-economic development of a society, and it is not the richest countries that have the best health status, but those that have the smallest income differences between rich and poor.