• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권51호
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• pp.332.1-332.8
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• 2018

Background: The trend of aging society is occurring globally, and with it, one of the health problems that is emerging is frailty. Efforts are being made to account for the increasing prevalence of frailty, and various modifiable factors are being considered in regards to frailty. Because social contact has shown beneficial effects in terms of health in previous studies, it is increasingly being considered in relation to frailty. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of different types of social contact with frailty status. Methods: A total of 1,200 Korean elders aged 70-84 years old were included in the study. Using Fried's Cardiovascular Health Study index to categorize the frailty status, the relationship between frailty status and frequency of contact (i.e., with family members, friends, or neighbors) was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression accounting for confounders. Results: Adjusting for all covariates, frequency of contact with friends was the most statistically significant. Less frequent contact was associated with a significantly higher odds of pre-frailty: monthly (odds ratio [OR], 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-3.20), and rarely (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.17-2.99), with daily contact group as reference. Also, those contacting friends monthly (OR, 5.04; 95% CI, 2.29-11.08) or rarely (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.58-6.61) were more likely to be frail compared to the daily group. Conclusion: Frequency of social contact, especially with friends, is strongly associated with frailty.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.725-739
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• 2022

This study conducted with 268 female elderly who visited welfare center and senior citizen center in Changwon city to identify the dietary status according to social frailty stage using nutrition quotient for elderly (NQ-E). As a result of the survey, 75.0% of the elderly had no nutrition education. The elderly in social frailty stage was 43.7%, pre-frail was 35.1%, and robust was 21.2%. The scores of NQ-E (61.65), balance (47.78), moderation (86.18), and dietary behavior (55.23) were within the medium-high grade, while diversity (48.37) was within the medium-low grade. Among the balance factor item, there was a significant difference only in the frequency of fruit intake according to social frailty stage (p<0.05). Among the diversity factor item, there were significant differences in vegetable intake (p<0.05) and the rate of eating alone (p<0.001) according to social frailty stage. Among the dietary behavior factor item, there were significant differences in whether to strive for a healthy diet (p<0.05), exercise time and depression (p<0.001), and subjective recognition rate of health (p<0.01) according to social frailty stage. Based on these results, education focusing on various food intake is needed, and continuous support from the government and local governments is needed to connect the social support network of the elderly and support programs to prevent them from going to social frailty stage.

• 한국노년학
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.891-903
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• 2018

본 연구는 허약의 고위험군인 후기노인의 건강관련 삶의 질 향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 허약, 사회적 지지 및 건강관련 삶의 질 간의 관계를 조사하였다. 서술적 조사연구인 본 연구를 위하여 2016년 03월 01일부터 03월 31일까지 K군에 소재하는 노인복지시설에서 75세 이상 노인을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하는 일대일 면담을 통해 총 211명의 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN과 Amos 18.0 프로그램으로 t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient 및 경로분석을 사용하여 분석하였다. 80세를 기준으로 한 연령집단 간 차이검정결과, 80세 이상인 경우 유의하게 허약수준이 더 높고(t=-2.51, p=.013), 건강관련 삶의 질이 낮았으나(t=3.29, p=.001), 사회적 지지는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(t=1.28, p=.201). 허약, 사회적지지, 건강관련 삶의 질 간의 상관관계 분석결과, 허약수준이 높을수록 사회적 지지(r=-.21, p=.003)와 건강관련 삶의 질이 유의하게 낮았고(r=-.65, p<.001), 건강관련 삶의 질은 사회적 지지가 높을수록 유의하게 높았다(r=.18, p=.010). 사회적 지지와 건강관련 삶의 질 사이에서 허약의 매개효과를 조사한 결과, 사회적 지지는 허약에(${\beta}=-.21$, p=.016) 허약은 건강관련 삶의 질에 유의한 직접효과를 미치나(${\beta}=-.06$, p=.004), 사회적 지지는 건강관련 삶의 질에 유의한 직접효과를 미치지 않고(${\beta}=.00$, p=.562) 허약을 매개하여 유의한 간접효과를 미쳐(${\beta}=.01$, p=.012) 사회적 지지와 건강관련 삶의 질 사이에서 허약의 완전매개효과가 있었다. 사회적 지지는 허약을 예방하고 허약수준의 개선은 건강관련 삶의 질을 증진시킨다. 그러므로 후기노인의 건강관련 삶의 질 제고를 위해 연령별 사회적 지지 방안을 포함하는 다면적인 허약 예방 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.429-439
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify core keyword of frailty research in the past 35 years to understand the structure of knowledge of frailty. Methods: 10,367 frailty articles published between 1981 and April 2016 were retrieved from Web of Science. Keywords from these articles were extracted using Bibexcel and social network analysis was conducted with the occurrence network using NetMiner program. Results: The top five keywords with a high frequency of occurrence include 'disability', 'nursing home', 'sarcopenia', 'exercise', and 'dementia'. Keywords were classified by subheadings of MeSH and the majority of them were included under the healthcare and physical dimensions. The degree centralities of the keywords were arranged in the order of 'long term care' (0.55), 'gait' (0.42), 'physical activity' (0.42), 'quality of life' (0.42), and 'physical performance' (0.38). The betweenness centralities of the keywords were listed in the order of depression' (0.32), 'quality of life' (0.28), 'home care' (0.28), 'geriatric assessment' (0.28), and 'fall' (0.27). The cluster analysis shows that the frailty research field is divided into seven clusters: aging, sarcopenia, inflammation, mortality, frailty index, older people, and physical activity. Conclusion: After reviewing previous research in the 35 years, it has been found that only physical frailty and frailty related to medicine have been emphasized. Further research in psychological, cognitive, social, and environmental frailty is needed to understand frailty in a multifaceted and integrative manner.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review and identify the meaning and components of the concept, Frailty. Method: We conducted literature review of studies that concluded the word of 'frail' or 'frailty between 1980 and 2008, and used MEDLINE, CINAHL database to select the articles. Results: Frailty is defined as a concept with multidomains, which are physical, cognitive, psychological, social. Critical characteristics of Frailty include multidominal deficiency, combined accumulation, diminished ability to keep up the independence of daily living, states beyond one's reserve capacity, dynamic relativity, proximity to adverse health outcome, aggregated symptoms. Frailty is caused by decreased physical activity, loss of sensory function, Chronic symptoms or signs, relationship with Caregiver, social isolation. Moreover, Frail elderly is at risk of falls and institutionalization. Conclusion: Frailty is very useful concept, because it has the potential to identify the elderly population at risk of adverse health outcomes. Based on this results, the appropriate tool for screening Korean Frail elderly and Nursing intervention for them needs to be developed.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.380-387
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating and moderating effects of fall-related efficacy and social support on the relationship between frailty and health-related quality of life among rural community-dwelling elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenient sampling method, and data of 438 elderly residents living in a rural community was used. The structured questionnaire included items from the Euro Quality of life-5 Dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/ depression), fall-related efficacy and social support. Results: Analysis of the mediating effect of fall-related efficacy and social support showed that there was significant mediating influence of fall-related efficacy on the relationship between frailty and health-related quality of life. There were no moderating effects of fall-related efficacy and social support. Conclusion: The findings suggest that fall-related efficacy may play a role in reducing the effect of frailty on health-related quality of life and underscore the need to consider ways of enhancing fall-related efficacy in interventions for rural community-dwelling frail elderly.

• 한국노년학
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.963-979
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• 2018

본 연구는 생애에 걸쳐 축적된 노인의 이질성을 기반으로 노년기 허약유형을 발견하고 허약 유형별 영향요인을 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 지역사회에 거주하고 있는 70세 이상 노인으로 한정하였으며, 전국 70세 이상 노인의 성별과 연령, 그리고 지역(시 도)을 기준으로 비례할당을 통해 표본을 추출하여 최종적으로 403명의 자료가 분석에 사용되었다. 노년기 허약수준과 유형 파악은 15개 문항으로 구성된 Tilberg의 허약지표(Tilberg frailty indicators)를 활용하였다. 잠재계층분석(latent class analysis)을 통해 노인의 허약유형을 도출하였으며, 허약유형의 결정요인을 밝히기 위해 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 우리나라 노인의 허약유형은 다차원허약형(27.0%), 심리적 허약형(26.8%), 일상도움필요형(46.2%) 등의 세 가지 유형으로 나타났다. 세 유형 모두 일상생활문제를 처리하는데 어려움이 있으나 도움을 충분히 받고 있지 못한다는 공통점이 발견되었다. 그 밖에 다차원허약형은 다른 유형에 비해 신체 및 심리적 허약 위험이 높고, 부분적으로 사회적 허약수준이 높았다. 심리적 허약형은 우울이나 슬픔, 불안과 초조 등과 같은 심리적 허약 가능성이 높은 유형이며, 일상도움필요형은 신체적 및 심리적으로 건강한 편이나 일상생활 문제처리의 어려움이 있으나 주변으로부터의 도움이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 일상도움필요형을 기준집단으로 허약유형별 차이를 가져오는 요인을 분석한 결과, 다차원허약형은 일상도움필요형에 비해 교육수준이 낮고, 경제활동을 하지 않으며, 영양관리상태가 상당히 열악한 것으로 나타났다. 일상도움필요형에 비해 심리적 허약형은 남성 노인일 가능성이 높고, 교육수준이 낮으며, 중소도시보다는 대도시에 거주할 가능성이 높으며, 흡연율은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 기반으로 우리나라 노인의 허약유형과 궤적에 대한 논의와 허약으로의 진행을 예방할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.837-851
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• 2018

본 연구는 노쇠 수준이 건강상태 및 건강행태에 미치는 연관성을 파악하고, 노쇠가 의료 이용에 미치는 영향을 탐색하고자 수행되었다. 연구를 위해 일개 지역사회(대전광역시)에 거주하는 65~84세의 노인 516명을 대상으로 노쇠, 건강상태 및 행태, 의료서비스 이용에 대해 일대일 면접 설문조사를 시행하였고, 노쇠 수준은 K-frail 도구를 활용하여 측정한 후 노쇠, 전노쇠, 비노쇠 그룹으로 분류하였다. 노쇠 수준과 건강상태 및 행태, 의료서비스 이용 경험과의 관련성을 확인하기 위해 카이제곱검정을 시행하였고, 노쇠 수준이 응급과 입원 서비스 이용 여부에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해서는 로지스틱 회귀분석을, 외래서비스 이용 경험 중 외래방문 횟수에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해서는 음이항 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 비노쇠군에 비해 노쇠군에 속한 노인들에서 주관적 건강상태를 부정적으로 평가하는 비율이 높았고, 만성질환을 2개 또는 3개 이상 진단받은 비율이 높았으며, 낙상위험성, 일상생활 수행 어려움의 비율이 높았다. 또한, 노쇠는 인구사회학적 특성, 주관적 건강상태, 만성질환의 수를 통제한 후에도 응급 서비스 및 외래서비스 이용의 증가와 통계적으로 유의한 관련성을 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 지역사회에서 노쇠를 조기에 발견하여 적극적으로 대처하기 위한 체계와 전략 마련이 중요함을 시사하며, 향후 노쇠에 대한 종적 자료 구축을 통해 노쇠와 건강상태 및 행태, 의료 이용 사이의 인과관계 규명을 위한 심층적인 연구의 필요성을 제안한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.562-574
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• 2017

Purpose: This study attempts to explore the subjective experience of frailty among elderly individuals in Korea. Methods: From June to August in 2014, 11 elderly persons who had experienced frailty in a community were interviewed. For data analysis, the method suggested by Colaizzi was applied as a phenomenological method. Results: According to the analysis, the study participants' frailty process was structured in seven categories: (a) 'natural phenomenon with ageing,' (b) 'life force comes to an end,' (c) 'the light in my heart turns off,' (d) 'unavoidable situation,' (e) 'continuous and connected vicious cycle,' (f) 'the limit of recovery energy already passes,' and (g) 'life is supported by someone's help.' Conclusion: The frailty experience in the participants is a natural process of aging, which cause vicious cycle acting with each other among physical, psychological, and social health. It is said that the cycle of frailty was started from weight loss and insufficient sleep, and boostered by pain. The participants from repetition of the vicious cycle become exhausted and pass the threshold of their recovery energy at some points. If they meet with sudden accidents such as falling, traffic accident and so on, they become to live a dependent life supported by someone's help in a moment. To prevent frailty and worsening conditions in Korean elderly individuals, it is recommended to provide a interventional programs using this study's results.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1007-1018
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine whether the tailored home-delivered meal (HDM) services included nutrition counseling impacts alleviating self-rated frailty among low-income older adults in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Pre- and post-test were implemented on May 27 and on November 25 in 2019 during 3 weeks, respectively, before and after the 6 months intervention program. Participants completed a questionnaire measuring frailty, malnutrition, food security, depression, and underlying diseases. Initially, 136 older adults were selected as participants for this study, they were recipients of a free meal program from 2 senior welfare centers in Seoul, the final sample size of those who completed the intervention program was 117 (female 70.9%, male 29.1%). Statistical analyses were conducted with IBM SPSS package program, paired t-test and χ² test to validate the test. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in the score of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) before and after receiving the tailored HDM services (pre-test 9.46, post-test 2.8, P < 0.01). The differences in the score of TFI by 3 risk groups at the pre-test decreased as a result of receiving these services. CONCLUSIONS: The tailored HDM services alleviated the self-rated frailty of low-income older adults with limited mobility in a community setting. Based on the positive outcomes this study could be applied to developing social services for aging in place.