• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.429-441
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the interrelations among snack preference, purchasing behavior and intake of fifth and sixth grade students in elementary schools in Gyeongnam province. Frequency of snack intake was the highest in those who reported 'once a day' (45.6%) snack habit. Longer-time television viewers also showed higher frequency of snack intake than shorter-time viewers. Thirty-three percent of students purchased snacks by themselves and the frequency of snack purchasing had a significant positive relationship with TV watching time (p < 0.01). The main reason, place and time of eating snacks were 'hunger' (79.2%), their home environment (50.9%) and 'after school hours' (89.7%). The favorite snack was 'ice cream' and, this snack habit was significantly different by gender of the child (p < 0.01) and TV watching time (p < 0.01). 'Milk and dairy products' scored highest (3.47) in snack intake frequency among longer-time TV viewers (> 2hr) compared to shorter-time TV viewers and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The snack preference score was correlated positively (r = 0.454) with the intake frequency for snack and its explanation power ($R^2$) was 20.5%. With regard to snack purchase behaviors, the scores of 'checking the expiration date' and 'comparing the price with similar products' were high (in what group?). Female students (p < 0.001) and shorter-time TV viewers (< 2hr) (p < 0.01) had a more reasonable purchasing behavior. The total score of preference was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in shorter-timeTV viewers (< 2hr). In the correlation between snack purchasing behaviors and intake frequency, attractiveness (r = 0.208, p < 0.001) and preference (r = 0.330, p < 0.001) showed significant positive correlations. The result of regression analysis, preference only was selected ($R^2$= 0.108).

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.178-188
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of interpersonal relationships with snack preference and the intake frequency of snacks with a primary focus on obesity index and snack preparations in upper grade (5~6th) elementary school students. A total of 719 students in Gyeongsangnam-do province were recruited and a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. Data were analyzed using the SPSS V18.0. The results were as follows : A total score of interpersonal relationships was 94.5 (full marks 125), and the scores of 7 factors consisting interpersonal relationships were over 3.50(full marks 5.00). Overweight group had the lowest score in interpersonal relationships (p<0.01) and purchase group by oneself had a low score than the other groups in snacks preparation (p<0.001). Most favorite snacks were ice cream. Additionally, the snack purchase group showed higher scores than the cook group by family in 8 types of snack and a total score of preference (p<0.05~p<0.001). Milk and dairy products had the highest score in frequency of snack intake. And purchase group by oneself or family was a higher than cook group by family (p<0.01). Interpersonal relationships showed a positive effect on preference and intake frequency of milk and dairy products but their explanation powers ($R^2$) were very low. The findings of this study provide fundamental information impact factor in snack preference and frequency of snack intake.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.364-377
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• 2011

This study was conducted to provide basic information on toothbrushing habits, snack intake frequency, and current dental caries in elementary school students. A total of 188 students (105 boys and 83 girls) in Changwon city participated in this study. Dental examination was conducted by two dental hygienists in July, 2010. The results were as follows. Exactly 86.2% of students were shown to have dental caries, which includes a sealant and removed teeth due to decay. The average number of teeth with dental caries per student was 3.8. Exactly 60.6% of students were shown to maintain correct toothbrushing habits to prevent dental caries, but only 12.8% brushed their teeth immediately after a meal or snack. Exactly 82.4% percent of participants received toothbrushing education, 47.1% of them received it from an expert, 43.9% received from their parents, and 28.2% used tooth paste with fluorine. Regarding snack intake frequency, ice cream was the most consumed cariogenic food and white milk was the most consumed protective food. The >=7 teeth with dental caries group consumed higher frequency of carbonated beverages intake than the 'no dental caries' group (P<0.05), and the '5~6 teeth with dental caries' group consumed higher frequency of chocolate intake than 'no dental caries' group (P<0.05).

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.91-103
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• 1992

The objective of school lunch program is make a student to understand the basic knowledge on the diet through improved food patterns. Diet is an important factor in the development of dental caries. Generally, snack foods contain much sugar and cause dental caries to children. The diet education in the school lunch program should involve the control of snack food intake. In this study, the anlysis of influence of school lunch program on the cariogenic snack food intake of school children was carried out. The questionarie was given to 1,441 sixth-grade children of 5 school lunch group and 1,443 sixth-grade children of 5 non-school lunch group in Pusan on the intake of snack foods and toothbrushing after meals. Its were as follows : 1. No differences were observed snack food intake per day between school lunch group and non-school lunch group. 2. The snack food intake frequency at home in school lunch group was more frequent than that of non-school lunch group. However, in school, the result was reverse. 3. No difference was observed the frequency between school lunch group on the intake of cariogenic, foods, detergent foods, protective foods, cariogenic foods alone and cariogenic and detergent foods between meals. 4. The frequency of toothbrushing per day and the ratio of toothbrushing after meals in school lunch group was a little higher than that of non-school lunch group. 5. No difference was observed on the ratio of toothbrushing after snack food intake between school lunch group and non-school lunch group. 6. The influence of school lunch program on the cariogenic food intake in school children was little significant for its goodness. 7. The improvement of education on snack food take and toothbrushing after meals to shool children was recommended.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate eating behaviors of preschool children for development their snack. Eating habit, preference and nutritional state were investigated using a questionnaire answered by teachers of day-care centers, 548 preschool children(aged 4 to 6 years old) and their mothers. It was found that 93.6% of subjects thought children need to eat snacks not only at day-care center but also at home. For children, snacks clearly played an important role in dietary nutritional intake The frequency and rate of consuming Milk as snack were high$(1.51\;times\;per\;a\;day,\;459.8{\mu}l)$, 53.2% of calcium intake from Milk. The most favorite snack foods of children were fresh fruits, milk, yoghurt, juice. The correlation between frequency of eating food as snack and children's preference for food was low; because choosing food as children's snack was not by themselves but by their mothers and teachers, and variety of food(a taste, kinds) as snack was very weak. Subjects showed rather dissatisfactory view about commercial snack, and wanted new development of nutritionally balanced and natural-tasted snack for preschool children; they preferred dducks, biscuits and snacks as the form of newly-developed snack for preschool children.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.379-390
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• 2003

The daily food intake and its related factors of the elderly(aged over 60) living in Incheon were compared. Self administered questionnaires were collected from 418 elderly. Statistical data analysis was completed using a SPSS v. 10.0 program. The results are summarized as follows: About 70% of elderly took grains and starch foods relatively high. The daily intakes of them was significantly influenced by ages of elderly, self-perceived health status, degree of drinking, meal regularity and nutritional balance of meals. More than 80% of elderly responded to take the food group of meat, fish and eggs poorly. Among various factors, the residence type and snack intake frequency influenced the daily intake of those foods statistically. A half of elderly took the vegetables and fruits everyday more than average. The daily consumption of vegetables and fruits was significantly influenced by sex, ages, exercise, snack intake frequency and preference of spices. Most elderly consumed fewer servings of milk and dairy products. About 60% of them did not take milk and dairy products daily. The daily contribution of those foods was significantly influenced by residence and exercise. 45.5% of elderly took oils and sugars more than average everyday which was influenced significantly by residence, exercise, snack intake frequency and meal regularity. In conclusion, the important influencing factors on the daily food intakes of elderly might be related to ages, residence, family, smoking, drinking, exercise, snack intake frequency and meal regularity. Therefore, a situation-oriented and practically organized nutrition education and ingestion support programs which consider the elderlies' socioeconomic status may help to improve the daily food intake of elderly in Incheon area.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2019

본 연구는 중학생의 간식 섭취와 인성의 일반적인 특성을 살펴보고, 성별 및 학년별 인성특성이 차이가 있는지 분석하였으며, 간식 섭취 횟수가 인성특성에 미치는 영향력을 알아보았다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 광주지역에서 중학생을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사를 통하여 수집된 717개의 자료를 분석하였다. 자료는 SPSS 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t-검증, ANOVA, 사후검증, 중다회귀분석을 실행하였으며, 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 간식 섭취 횟수는 1일 1~2회 이상이 303명(42.3%)으로 제일 많았고, 아주 가끔 269명(37.6%), 1일 2~3회 이상 90명(12.6%), 전혀 먹지 않는다 54명(7.5%) 순으로 나타났으며 간식 섭취 이유는 습관적으로 182명(27.3%), 식사량이 부족해서 140명(21.0%), 식사를 걸러서 91명(13.6%), 스트레스 해소 55명(8.2%) 순으로 답하였다. 인성특성은 5점 리커트 척도로 답하도록 하였는데, 하위요인 중 친근성이 3.64로 제일 높았고, 개방성/지성 3.42, 외향성 3.36, 성실성 3.15, 감정안정성 3.09 순으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 성별에 따른 인성특성은 감정안정성만이 여학생이 남학생보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(p<.05), 학년별 인성특성은 외향성(p<.001), 친근성(p<.05), 개방성/지성(p<.05)의 경우 중학교 3학년 학생들이 중학교 1학년과 2학년 학생들보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 셋째, 간식 섭취 횟수가 인성특성에 영향을 미치는 지 알아본 결과, 인성특성 하위요인 중 외향성에는 과일섭취 횟수(β=.134)가 친근성에는 빵(β=-.099), 과일(β=.142), 빙과(β=.092), 떡(β=.090) 섭취 횟수가, 성실성에는 과일(β=.107), 떡(β=.120) 섭취 횟수가, 감정안정성에는 빵(β=.105), 음료류(β=-.113), 과일(β=.113), 분식(β=-.126) 섭취 횟수가, 개방성/지성에는 과일(β=.106), 우유(β=.110) 섭취 횟수가 통계적으로 유의미하게 영향을 미쳤다. 인성특성의 모든 하위요인에 과일 섭취 횟수가 긍정적으로 영향을 미쳤으며, 떡은 친근성과 성실성에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며 음료류는 감정안정성에 부정적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 이에 단음료 대신 물을 충분히 마시고 우리 식재료를 활용한 식생활을 즐기는 것을 제안한 국민 공통 식생활지침을 지키는 것이 필요한 것을 재확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 중학생의 건강증진을 위한 간식 섭취와 인성개발의 방안을 모색하는데 기여할 수 있다고 생각한다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between snack food intakes and dental caries in 661 Korean elementary school children. After each meal, 59.6% of the surveyed children ate snack foods, in particular, they ate snack heavily after lunch. The snack food items causing dental caries contained high levels of sugar and were convenience foods, which the children had preference toward. In addition, the intake frequency of snack foods substituted for meals was greater than 54%. Based on the results, the eating behaviors of children are in need of correction, and nutrition education on snack foods inducing dental caries is required.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2015

This study was performed for the purpose of establishing proper dietary behaviors and improving sodium intake status by investigating nutrition knowledge, dietary behaviors, and food intake frequency related to sodium in 398 university students living in Gyeonggi-do and Incheon. Female students showed a higher rate of eating out more than five times a week as well as daily snack intake than male students. Female students showed a higher score for sodium-related nutrition knowledge than male students, whereas male students showed higher sodium intake than female students. Subjects who showed a higher frequency of eating out and snack intake also showed a higher salt intake ratio and sodium-related nutrition knowledge. Subjects with higher scores related to sodium-related nutrition knowledge showed a higher low salt intake ratio and incidence of low sodium food intake. From this research, depending on the level of nutrition knowledge related to sodium university students showed differences in dietary behavior related to sodium intake. This result would be helpful to develop lower sodium training materials specific to low sodium food selection tips, reading nutrition labels, and so on.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the risk of overweight and obesity in adolescents consuming snacks frequently from 2007~2009, Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The subjects (12~14 years: n=523; 15~18 years: n=614) were presented with food frequency questionnaires, and they were classified according to their gender and frequency of snack consumption. In the age group of 12~14 years, boys and girls (boys OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.52~2.39, girls OR: 12.45, 95% CI: 2.26~68.51) who consumed yogurt frequently had a higher risk of overweight and obesity at the highest quartile frequency compared with the lowest quartile after adjustments for multiple confounding factors, including age, physical activity, frequency of eating out and snack consumption, and energy intake. In the age group of 15~18 years, girls (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.34~2.99) consuming fried foods had a higher risk of overweight and obesity at the highest quartile frequency compared with the lowest quartile after adjustments for multiple confounding factors, including age, physical activity, frequency of eating out and snack consumption, and energy intake. Thus, we conclude that frequent consumption of yogurt and fried foods increases the risk of overweight and obesity in adolescents. These findings suggest that the risk of overweight and obesity is associated with the frequency of snack consumption.