• 대한보건연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2018

연구목적: 본 연구에서는 경제활동이 활발할 것으로 기대되는 성인 남성군의 흡연량이 객관적인 경제 상황 외에 주관적 경제 인식에 따라 달라지는지를 확인하였다. 연구방법: 통계분석에는 경제적 상황에 대한 전망 변수가 조사된 제 4차 한국복지패널조사(KoWEPS) 자료를 사용하였으며, 근로능력을 갖추고, 결혼 이력이 있는 30세-54세 기혼 남성에 대해 매개효과 확인을 위한 3단계 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과: 경제적 상황은 경제적 인식에 직접적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다(1단계). 경제적 전망에 대한 부정적 인식은 흡연량과 정적인 관계에 있었고(2단계), 가구의 가처분소득은 다만 경제적 전망을 통해서만 흡연량에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다(3단계). 이를 통해 경제적 상황은 청 장년층 흡연량에 대해 경제적 인식을 통한 매개 효과를 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 결론: 구매력이 충분한 청 장년층 남성 인구집단에서 열등한 경제적 지위는 이와 관련된 부정적 인식과, 우려 그리고 스트레스 등을 통해서 흡연에 영향을 준다. 따라서 이들 집단에 대해서는 가격적 정책의 효과가 상대적으로 낮게 나타날 가능성을 시사하며 비가격적 정책이 함께 실시되어야 할 필요성을 보여준다.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2019

This study was aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge of the health effects of cigarette smoking on health and wellbeing among adults. A cross-sectional form of descriptive survey research design was used for this study. Two hundred and seventy copies of the questionnaire collected were analyzed using descriptive statistic of frequency count, normative percentage and grand mean; as well as inferential statistics of chi-square (${\chi}^2$). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05. Appropriate degrees of freedom were worked out. The influence of gender on the knowledge of the negative effect of cigarette smoking among adults in sokoto. The results shows that 48% agreed on the negative effects of showing among male followed by 29.3% among female, those who undecided 8.8% male and 4.4% females while those who disagree are 6.2% for male and 2.5% for female. The research concluded that the knowledge of negative effect of cigarette smoking among adults in sokoto metropolis was very good across the different variable (marital status, gender, and year in higher institution) with single, male and first year in higher institution showing significantly good knowledge of the negative effect of cigarette smoking.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 1990

This study aims to find out the prevalence of smoking, and to analyze the effect of smoking for health status, and then to emphasize the necessity of stop smoking. The data used in this study are obtained from periodic health care programe at Health Care Center in a suburban hospital, and selected 435 males who have occupation. The independent varibles chosen for the analysis are general charactersitic variables and smoking habit. The dependent variables are designed to cover the health status of individual cases, and include blood pressure, blood cholesterol level with HDL-cholesterol and blood triglyceride level, recent symptoms and recently being managed diseases. The result of this study are summarized as follows. 1) Percentage of smoker by the age groups is highest in 4th decade, being 71.1%. The second and third ranks are 6th and 7th decades, being 53.5% and 44.4%, respectively. 2) In the view of socio-economic levels, smoking rate is higher in the groups who live at rural area and whoes occupation is labor or merchant. Smoking rate is significantly higher in the heavy drinking group. 3) Among the atherosclerotic risk factors, which include hypertension, HDL-cholesterol by total cholesterol ratio lower than 0.2 and triglyceride level higher than 200gm/dl, hypertension was not statistically associated with smoking, but others revealed statistically high association with smoking. 4) The groups who have the symptoms of severe fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, pulmonary symptoms, palpitation and chest tightness havepositive association with smoking. 5) The groups who have hypertension with cardiovascular diseases and gastrointestinal diseases showed highly significant association with non-smoking. 6) In relation of the smoking habit to the atherosclerotic risk factor index, smokers have more atherosclerotic risk factors, but that is not statistically significant. 7) In relation of the smoking habit to the recent symptom index, smokers have more symptoms than non-smokers with statistical significance. In conclusion, smokers have worse health status than non-smokers especially in the atherosclerotic risk factors such as hypertension or abnormal blood lipid status and have more symptoms such as severe fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, pulmonary symptoms, palpitation and chest tightness. And the campaingn against smoking should direct for the male in 4th decade because they have highest smoking rate.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2009

Objectives: Smoking is related to periodontal disease and periodontal therapy. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of professional tooth cleaning and plaque control instruction (PT & PCI) for smoking behavior. Methods: A total of 151 adults were investigated using the O'Leary Plaque Index (PI), $L\ddot{o}e$ & Silness gingival index (GI) and the number of sextants possessing periodontal pocket (SPP). And adults were given a through dental scaling and Watanabe method for dental plaque control. Follow up examination were conducted after 3 months and compared the pre and post- status. The collected data were analyzed with t-test, paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results: Regardless of smoking behavior, improving effects were identified after PT & PCI on PI, GI and SPP in the whole population. However, the effects of GI improvement were significant in the smoking group alone; those of PI improvement were most significant in the non-smoking group; and those of SPP improvement were more significant in non-smoking and pre-smoking groups than in the smoking group. The shorter period of smoking and the smaller amount of smoking, the greater effects of PT & PCI by smoking-related characteristics. Conclusion: Smoking cessation instruction should necessarily be included in oral health education in that smoking is an important factor to consider in prevention of periodontal diseases and periodontal therapies.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.365-370
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in smoking rates according to the major occupational categories in South Korea. Methods: The study subjects were a weighted sample of 24,495 men and 26,121 women aged 25-64 from the 2003 Social Statistics Survey, which was conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office. Occupation was classified according to the Korean Standard Occupation Classification. We computed the age-standardized smoking rates according to gender and occupations after adjusting for the education level, marital status, and self-rated health. Results: For men, the smoking rate in elementary occupations was two times higher than that of clerks (OR=1.98, 95% CI=1.74-2.26). In general, a more prestigious job(professionals) correlated with lower smoking rates, and less prestigious jobs correlated with higher smoking rates, except for legislators, senior officials and managers. For women, smoking among service workers was 4.1 times higher than among clerical workers (OR=4.11, 95% CI=2.87-5.88). For women, their occupations, except elementary workers, and the unemployed, the retired and the armed forces, failed to show significant differences in smoking compared with the clerical workers. After adjusting for education, occupational differences in the smoking rate for men were attenuated in most occupations, except for legislators, professionals, and technicians. Further adjustment for marital status and self-rated health had a minimal effect on the occupational differences in the smoking rate for men. For women workers with service or elementary occupations, the ORs of smoking were attenuated with adjustment of the educational levels. However, the ORs of smoking were increased in workers with service, sales or elementary occupations, as well as for legislators, and the unemployed, the retired and the armed forces, after additionally adjusting for marital status. Conclusions: More prestigious jobs generally correlated with lower smoking rates in both sexes. The anti-tobacco policy should consider smoking rate differentials by occupations.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.159-170
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• 1998

This study was done using a Quasi-experimental research design to determine the effects of social support on compliance with sick role behaviors in hypertensive patients and to know if the effect of the social support on compliance lasted for at least 6 months. The subjects consisted of 81 hypertensive patients who were registered in the Cardio-Vascular OPD at Chonnam National University Hospital. They were divided by random sampling into 42 people for the experimental group and 39 for the control group. Data were gathered from June 3, 1996 to June 10, 1997 through individual interviews using a structured questionnaire. The results of the study were summarized as follows : 1. Compliance with sick role behaviors in hypertensive clients was significantly increased in the experimental group who received social support from the nurse as compared to the control group who did not receive social support(t=15.99. p<.001). 2. The effect of social support on compliance with sick role behaviors in hypertensive clients lasted for 6 months(t=7.99, p<.001). 3. Four of six people stopped smoking in experimental group after the intervention of social support, but none of the five in control group were able to stop smoking. Fisher's Exact test showed a significant difference between the experimental and control group(x²=4.385. p< .05). Mantel Haenszel test showed that the effect of social support on stopping smoking in the experimental group lasted for six months because there were no significant differences between one month after the social support and six months after, in the number of subjects who stopped smoking(x²=1.154, P>.05). Finally, social support was effective on compliance with sick role behaviors and stopping smoking in the hypertensive clients, and the effect of social support on compliance lasted for 6 months.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.125-137
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• 2011

Objectives: This paper estimates willingness to quit smoking(WQS) cigarette price among Korean adults and examines the factors related to WQS price. Methods: Data on 799 participants in a random dial telephone survey with questions designed based on Contingent Valuation Method were analyzed by conducting t-test, ${\chi}^2$ test, and OLS. Results: The median and the mean of the distribution of WQS prices were 3,000 won and 3,862 won, respectively. Age, household income, the amount of smoking, and the length of smoking period were related to WQS prices. Conclusions: The results show that increase in cigarette price could be an effective policy tool to make smokers quit smoking when the increase in cigarette prices is substantial enough to be over WQS prices. This implies that with its effect on low-income smokers to consider quitting smoking or reducing the amount of smoking, increase in cigarette price can be income-progressive in the long run by reducing the amount of expenditure spent on cigarette purchase.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was to compare the stop-smoking rate and nicotine dependency for an adult smoker after implementing the smoking cessation program. Method: Fourty-six adult smokers participated. Self report questionnaire and telephone interview were conducted at the pretest, 6 months later, 1 year later, 2 years later, 3 years later. Result: 1. Stop-smoking rate of smoking cessation program participants was 43.5% 6 months later, 35.6% 1 year later, 24.4% 2 years later, 45.5% 3 years later. 2. The mean of nicotine dependency for continuing smokers was significantly decreased 6 months later(paired-t=4.719, p=.000). 3. The mean of nicotine dependency for continuing smokers was significantly decreased 1 year later(pired-t=4.296=.000). 4. The mean of nicotine dependency for continuing smokers was significantly decreased 2 years later(paired-t=2.778. p=.000). 5. The mean of nicotine dependency for continuing smokers was significantly decreased 3 years later(paired-t=2.795. p=.000). Conclusion: The smoking cessation program was effective to induce cessation in the adult smoker, and to decrease nicotine dependency in the continuing adult smoker.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.640-647
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of smoking cessation education using the transtheoretical model on the process of change, smoking temptation, decisional balance and stage change transition. Methods: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used for this study. The study population was 44 male college students in the experimental group and 66 students in the control group. Smoking cessation education was administered to the experimental group at one university. Descriptive analysis, t-test, and ANCOVA were used with the SPSS 19.0 program to analyze the data. Results: After providing a smoking cessation program, the experimental group showed significantly higher scores for self-efficacy for smoking cessation, process of change, and a lower score in decisional balance for pros of smoking and nicotine dependancy compared to the control group two weeks after the pre-test. However, no significant differences were found at four weeks after the pre-test. Conclusion: The findings indicate that this program could have a positive effect on process of change, decisional balance and stage transition for college student smokers.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2010

Objectives: To obtain a more intensive understanding smoking behaviors of young adolescent in the contexts of schools which they attend, this study examined the effects of individual and school level factors divided into psychological and social factors respectively. Methods: Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to test the effects of school smoking rates on 1 year smoking experience of individual pupils in a sample of 3,449 students from 100 middle schools in Korea. Results: The results of multilevel analysis revealed the importance of social factors in three environments. Especially the social factors in school level, which were sense of school membership and school smoking rate, explained the variances between groups dropping the school effect from 0.194 to 0.046. Conclusion: This study suggests that adolescents' smoking behaviors are related to the multi dimensional and multi level factors. To reduce young adults' smoking rate, school level intervention should not be ignored.