• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

This study aims to derive the operation method of a comprehensive ventilation system which is capable of providing passengers with safe exit paths from platforms in onboard fire situations. To accomplish this, the airflow distributions in subway platforms under 6 types of tunnel vent system were calculated in addition to having analyzed diffusion behaviors of smoke and heat exhaust in such states by performing 6 kinds of different ventilation scenarios in a 3-D Fire Dynamic Simulation (FDS) simulation model. In order to recommend the mechanical smoke exhaust operation mode, Subway Environmental Simulation(SES) is used to predict the airflow of the inlet and outlet tunnel for the subway station to clarify the safety evaluation fir the heat and smoke exhaust on subway fire events.

• 한국기계기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.739-744
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• 2018

In this study, effects of reducing white smoke at a heat exchange system for white smoke reduction were studied in the winter season. For this purpose, the heat transfer processes on the exhaust air were investigated by Solidworks. Five wave heat exchangers of air-to-air and air-to-water type were applied for the exhaust air heat recovery. The analytical condition of the exhaust air was fixed and the computational analysis was performed according to the change of SA(supply air) inlet velocities. In order to evaluate the performance of the heat exchange system for white smoke reduction, W(water)/SA recovered capacities and the temperature/absolute humidity reduction rate were calculated. As SA inlet velocity increased, the exit temperature and absolute humidity of the mixing zone were reduced by up to about $40^{\circ}C$ and 0.12kg/kg respectively. Also, W/SA recovered capacities increased linearly up to about 35%.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.269-272
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• 2006

The heat and smoke which generated by subway under fire is one of the most harmful factor in air tighten underground station. To prevent this, Trackway Exhaust System(TES) can be used. The heat released from the train running in the tunnel raises the temperature at the platform and the trackway, and thus proper ventilation system is required for comfortable underground environment. When the fire is occurred, TES is operated as smoke exhaust mode from normal ventilation mode. In the present study, the subway station which is one of the line number 9 in Seoul subway is modeled, and fired situation is simulated with several ventilation mode of ventilation system in trackway. For this simulation whole station is modeled. Non steady state 3D simulation which considered train under fire is entering to the station is performed. Temperature and smoke distribution in platform and trackway are compared. To represent heat by fire, heat flux was given to the fired carriage, also to describe smoke by fire, concentration of CO is represented. As the result of present study, temperature and smoke distribution is different as the method of ventilation in trackway and platform is changed. In over side of trackway, the fan must be operated as exhaust mode for efficient elimination of heat and smoke, and supply mode of fan operation in under side shows better distribution of heat and smoke. The ventilation system which is changed from ventilation mode to exhaust mode can be applied to control heat and smoke under fire.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.656-662
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• 2009

In this paper, the heat resistance reliability of an axial smoke exhaust fan was investigated. An axial smoke exhaust fan should be capable of operating at $250^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. The heat resistance reliability was evaluated by the heat resistance reliability test. A B10 life with a 90% confidence level was estimated to be about 48 minute. The failure occurred in the motor due to high temperature. The main failure mechanisms of the motor were melting of bond and insulating paper and burning of insulating materials in the coil. The heat resistance reliability was improved by changing the way to unite the core and the coil and by replacing the insulating paper and the insulating materials of the coil. A B10 life with a 90% confidence level of a modified axial smoke exhaust fan was estimated to be over 120 minute.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.389-400
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• 2003

본 연구는 지하철방재대책의 일환으로 터널구간에 설치된 환기기의 제연절환 운전모드 및 승강장 선로부 환기장치를 포함한 6종류의 제연운전모드를 대상으로 승강장에 정차된 열차화재 시나리오에 따라 3차원 실시간 화재 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 제연방식별 열 및 연기전파특성을 규명함으로서, 승강장에서 열차 화재 발생시, 승객이 안전하게 최적 대피가 가능한 환기기의 제연절환 조합운전의 도출을 목표로 한다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2008

최근에 양방향 도로터널에서 배연효율의 증가가 요구됨에 따라 대배기에 의한 횡류식 양방향터널 배연시스템 적용이 증가되었다. 본 연구에서는 FDS Ver4.0을 사용한 수치해석을 통해 배연량과 화재강도를 변화시켜 최적배연조건을 도출하였다. 결과로, 터널 내부로 외부기류가 유입되는 경우에는 배연량을 증가시켜야 하는 것으로 나타났으며 화재지점으로 2.5m/s의 속도로 외기가 불어올 때 연기가 250m 이내로 제어되는 대배기구의 배연용량은 $244.8m^3/s$의 값으로 제어되어야 한다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2018

A fire simulation was performed to analyze the temperature and smoke exhaust performance of roof vents of the arcade traditional market by comparing a basic model (Case A) and an improvement model (Case B~Case E). Temperature analysis by heat showed a low temperature distribution because Case E discharged smoke in both directions of length compared to other cases. However, the effect of heat by life safety standards was satisfied. The smoke exhaust analysis by smoke showed the highest performance because Case C was exhausted to 1 m on both sides of length.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2005

본 연구는 지하역사 승강장 가판대에서 화재발생 시 자연풍의 영향과 강제배연 시스템의 작동 여부에 따른 열과 연기의 유동특성을 알아보기 위하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 해석 조건으로는 1)자연풍이 없고 배연설비도 가동되지 않는 경우, 2) 자연풍은 불고 있으나 배연설비는 가동되지 않는 경우, 3) 자연풍은 없으나 배연설비가 가동되는 3가지 경우이다. 수치해석의 결과자연풍이 역사의 길이 방향으로 불고 있을 경우에는 길이방향으로 화재의 확산이 빠르게 진행되며 열과 연기가 승강장에 급속하게 확산되어 피난에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 배연설비가 가동될 경우 지하역사 승강장으로 열과 연기가 보다 빠르게 전파되었지만 호흡안전 높이까지 열 및 연기가 도달하는 데에는 배연설비를 작동하지 않는 경우에 비하여 훨씬 많은 시간이 소요되었다. 그리고 화재발생위치에서 자연풍이 불어오는 지하공간영역에서는 배연설비의 제연효과가 하류 측의 영역에 비하여 보다 크게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 배연설비의 작동은 연기와 열을 동시에 외부로 배출시키는 역할을 하여 승객의 시야 확보 및 피난 시간을 확보하여 주는 것으로 나타났다. 해석조건에서 가장 큰 차이를 보이는 조건2)와 조건3)에서 화재구역 내의 온도차는 약 2배 차이를 보였으며, 화재지점에서 200m 지점의 연기농도분포도 약 6배 정도의 차이를 보였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.70-83
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• 1997

We made a selection of engine operating conditions in the natural aspiration type diesel engine as load and speed. The effects on the power, smoke emission and cylinder pressure characteristics of these variations in operating conditions were observed experimentally. Also, the smoke emission was predicted by using the Arrhenius equation and empirical equation of the smoke emission was made. At the same time, the correlations, between the combustion and smoke emission characteristic were examined. From the above results, it is clear that to prevent power dropping and to decrease exhaust fume whin the conditions are changed, one should improve the intake system. To do this, the best way is to lower the air-fuel mixing ratio. We found that the parameters of the indicated mean effective pressure, maximum pressure and its location and combustion duration, etc. change the motion in accordance with the conditions described above. Also, we found that the variation of the pressure cycle comes from an amplified variation of the early part of process. From the analysis of comparing combustion and exhaust fume, the exhaust fume is produced at the latter time of combustion and decreased when the combustion ratio is higher. Also, we developed a special formula which can predict the exhaust fume value according to the engine load and speed.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2005

This study aim to derive the operation method of a comprehensive ventilation system which is capable of providing passengers with safe exit paths from platforms in onboard The situations. The airflow distributions in subway platforms under 13 types of tunnel vent system for a double track stop condition was calculated and having analyzed diffusion behaviors of smoke and heat exhaust in such states by performing 13 kinds of different ventilation scenarios by using a 3-D Fire Dynamic Simulation (FDS) simulation model to clarify the safety evaluation for the heat and smoke exhaust on subway fire events.