• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.224-238
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• 2023

To develop customized food products for gastric cancer patients, it is crucial to understand their dietary characteristics and changes in their perception of smell and taste due to their condition. This study conducted in-depth interviews and administered olfactory and gustatory tests on 20 patients with gastric cancer. A control group of 20 healthy, gender and age matched individuals, was included for comparison. Patients reported difficulties in sustaining their appetite, particularly during chemotherapy. This could be attributed to gastrointestinal discomfort and an altered perception of smell and taste. The olfactory test revealed that cancer patients were significantly less sensitive than the control group. Also, a smaller number of participants in the cancer group were reported to have a normal taste function, which enabled them to perceive umami, one of the five basic taste compared to those in the control group. These findings demonstrated that gastric cancer patients experience post-surgical digestive issues, chemotherapy-induced changes in smell and taste, and appetite loss. To improve the quality of life of these patients and the efficacy of the treatment, it is necessary to consider not only their nutritional requirements but also other factors such as appetite loss and discomfort when developing meals specifically for them.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the sensory and physicochemical properties of beef consomme made with different boiling times (1, 2, 3 and 4hrs). The sensory properties were evaluated with respect to both the acceptability (color, smell, mouth feel, taste, overall acceptability) and intensity characteristics (color, smell, clarify, taste). From the results, the 3hr treatment was most favored for color, smell, mouth feel, taste and overall acceptability, from the sensory evaluation tests. According to a quantitative descriptive analysis of the sensory evaluation for the product, the color, smell and taste gave higher scores with increases in the boiling time. As for the physicochemical characteristics, the pH was increased with increasing boiling time. The reducing sugars, turbidity and viscosity increased with increasing boiling time. The colorimetric lightness values (L) decreased, and redness (a), yellowness(b) and color difference values (ΔE) increased with increasing boiling time. There were 18 free amino acids identified; the alanine, glutamic acid, arginine and leucine contents were high in the free amino acids of the consomme made with different boiling times. There were 3 free sugars identified, glucose, fructose and sucrose. The free sugar contents increased with increasing boiling time. There were changes in the mineral contents of the consomme made with different boiling time; with high K, Na and P contents. The mineral contents increased with increasing, boiling time. The results showed the consomme made by boiling for 3hrs was superior in both its sensory and physicochemical qualities.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.387-396
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• 2004

It was investigated to study the sensory and physicochemical properties of chicken consomme made with different boiling time(1, 2, 3, and 4 hr). The sensory properties were evaluated with respect to both the acceptability (color, smell, mouthfeel, taste, overall acceptability) and intensity characteristics (color, smell, clarify, taste). From the results, the 3hr treatment was most favored for smell, mouthfeel, taste and overall acceptability, from the sensory evaluation tests. According to a quantitative descriptive analysis of the sensory evaluation for the treatments, the color and smell showed higher scores by increasing the boiling time. Whereas, in clarify and taste, the 3hr treatment showed the highest values. As for the physicochemical characteristics, the pH was increased with increasing boiling time. The reducing sugars, turbidity and viscosity increased with increasing boiling time. The colorimetric lightness values L decreased, and redness a, yellowness b and color difference values ΔE increased with increasing boiling time. There were 18 free amino acids indentified ； the glutamic acid, alanine, arginine and lysine were high in the free amino acid of the chicken consomme made with different boiling times. There were 3 free sugar indentified, glucose, fructose and sucrose. The free amino acid and free sugars contents increased with increasing boiling time. There were changes in the mineral contents of the chicken consomme made with different boiling time ; with high K, Na, P, Mg, Ca and Fe contents. The mineral contents increased with increasing boiling time. Especially, the 3hr treatments was more highly increased than rest of the treatments in all characteristics. The results showed the chicken consomme made by boiling far 3hr was the most preferably in the sensory and physicochemical quality.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.405-410
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• 1989

탁주의 맛을 표현하는 용어를 설문조사 방식으로 수집하여 맛, 냄새, 색깔, 입속의 감촉 등 관능적 특성에 따라 분류하고 이를 바탕으로 하여 가열살균에 의한 탁주의 관능적 품질변화를 통계적 방법으로 평가하였다. 탁주의 주요 품질요소로는 색깔에서 백색, 회색, 황색 냄새로는 시큼한 냄새, 쉰냄새, 맛으로는 신맛, 떫은맛, 쓴맛, 단맛, 입속의 감촉으로는 텁텁하다, 걸죽하다, 청량감 등으로 밝혀졌다. 82, $93^{\circ}C$ 및 $135^{\circ}C$에서 각 9초간 실시된 열처리에 의하여 회색, 쉰냄새, 화독냄새, 떪은맛, 쓴맛, 걸쭉함이 증가하였으며 신맛, 단맛, 황색, 텁텁함 및 청량감이 감소하였다. 이러한 변화는 기호도의 전반적인 저하로 나타났다. 열처리 온도에 따라 이들 변화는 다소 차이를 나타내었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2009

양파와 배를 첨가하여 제조한 김치의 이화학적 특성과 기호도를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 양파와 배 무첨가군과 첨가군 모두 김치가 숙성됨에 따라 pH는 감소하고 산도는 증가하였으며, 다량의 양파와 배의 첨가군은 무첨가군에 비해 김치의 초기 숙성이 빨리 진행되었다. 당도는 모든 실험군에서 발효가 진행됨에 따라 값이 감소하였으며, 양파 또는 배 첨가군은 무첨가군에 비해 더 높은 값을 나타내었다. 염도는 발효에 의해 변화하지 않고 일정한 값을 유지하였으며, 양파, 또는 배 첨가에 의한 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 중심합성 계획법에 의해 일정 비율의 양파와 배를 첨가한 김치의 관능적 측정 결과 냄새, 맛, 전반적인 기호도는 유의차가 인정되었지만, 외관과 텍스쳐는 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 김치의 반응표면 분석 결과 냄새는 안장형을 맛과 전반적인 기호도는 최고형을 나타내었다. 냄새의 최적 조건은 양파 $4.55{\sim}5%$, 배 $0{\sim}3.0%$의 범위 였으며, 맛의 최대점은 양파 2.61%, 배 2.38%였으며, 전반적인 기호도의 최대점은 양파 2.78%, 배 2.57%이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1998

This study was designed to determine the most suitable manufacturing conditions of stewed pumpkin juice(SPJ) in terms of nutrition and taste. Well ripened pumpkin was heated for 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 hours in a pressure cooker and then extracted and packed in retort pouches. These were kept at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 28$^{\circ}C$ for 30 days, respectively and changes of the physicochemical components of SPJ were investigated. The free amino acid compositions of pumpkin and SPJ occupied asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, arginine and serine in increasing order of abundance. Except SPJ heated for 3 hours, SPJ stored at 28$^{\circ}C$ had the most abundant free amino acids, followed by SPJ stored at 4$^{\circ}C$, and SPJ not stored. The fatty acid composition of pumpkin occupied behenic acid, erucic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, heneicosanoic aicd, in order of abundance. When SPJ was heated over 3 hours, palmitic acid and linolenic acid decreased greatly. SPJ stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 28$^{\circ}C$ increased contents of saturated fatty acids such as behenic acid, palmitic acid than SPJ not stored. As SPJ was heated for a long time, carotenoid was mostly destroyed and the Hunter "L", "a" and "b" values of SPJ decreased. Among the mineral constituents of SPJ, Na and Ca were dominantly occupied. It was found that the range of the total visible cell count was 3~4CFU/ml from the SPJ which was heated for 3 hours and it increased by 1$\times$109CFU/ml when the SPJ was stored at 28$^{\circ}C$. It seems that the contamination by microorganism have occurred at packing process. In sensory evaluation, the SPJ which was heated for 5 hours had the highest scores in overall preference, sweet smell and sweetness.ce, sweet smell and sweetness.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.390-398
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to select a cake ingredient acting as an emulsifier to retard the retrogradation of rice cake commercially available. For the purpose, Backsulgi, a traditional Korean rice cake, was prepared by adding various ingredients having high contents of lecithin such as raw soybean powder, parched soybean powder, soybean oil, egg yolk powder, and then the changes in the sensory and textural characteristics of the cakes were determined while storing them at the temperatures of 4$\^{C}$ and 20$\^{C}$ for 0, 1, 2 and 3 days. Based on the sensory evaluation, Backsulgi samples added with raw soybean flour were significantly different in roasted nutty smell, roasted nutty taste, softness, moistness, cohesiveness and overall quality compared with the control in the longer storage time at 20$\^{C}$.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.190-200
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of intake of whangseoke-jeot with chitosan on the hematological changes. Twelve male students were divided into two groups and have been dieted for 3 days with whangseoke-jeot supplemented with/without 10% of chitosan(50,000 dalton) into seasoning. In order to decrease fishy smell and increase palatable taste effectively, minced ginger, garlic and onion as well as oil and roasted powder of perilla were included into the seasonings. Blood pressure was monitored everyday and serum was prepared following blood collection before and after 3 day diet. Chitosan was shown to decrease systolic pressure and total serum protein. On the other hand, albumin was decreased in the control group. It is noteworthy that seasoned whangseoke-jeot including perilla oil and powder seemed to decrease creatinine and total cholesterol and increase HDL. In conclusion, chitosan and perilla oil and powder might be proposed as good additives into whangseoke-jeot to relieve its highly salty effects on diet.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2013

Cancer is the first leading cause of death in Korea and the second leading cause of death in the USA. There is extensive research into prevention of cancer and the support of oncology patients with diet or dietary supplements. In vitro and in vivo animal studies have indicated that antioxidants, including beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid, can yield anti-cancer effects in addition to providing protection against oxidative damage. Although many observational studies have shown that consuming fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of some cancers, the results of several large-scale human intervention trials testing the benefits of a single or combined higher-dose of individual micronutrients have been inconsistent. Cancer can cause profound metabolic and physiological changes which may affect patients' nutrient requirements. Although the optimal route of nutrient delivery is through diet, cancer patients often suffer symptoms that disrupt their food intake, including anorexia, premature satiety, altered taste and smell, and changes in bowel mobility. In particular, micronutrient deficits can slow postoperative healing, contribute to depression symptoms, and decrease immune competence. Cancer patients are generally motivated to take dietary supplements to improve responses to treatment and quality of life. The Physician's Health Study II (PHS II) randomized controlled trial reported recently that daily multivitamin supplementation significantly, albeit modestly, reduced the risk of total cancer. Although evidence of multivitamin use benefits is limited in cancer patients, taking dietary supplements with constituents in the range of the recommended daily allowance according to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) recommendation is generally considered to be safe.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.292-299
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• 2016

Background: We previously reported that two-phase partition chromatography between ginseng water extract and soybean oil efficiently eliminated pesticide residues. However, an undesirable odor and an unpalatable taste unique to soybean oil were two major disadvantages of the method. This study was carried out to find an alternative vegetable oil that is cost effective, labor effective, and efficient without leaving an undesirable taste and smell. Methods: We employed six vegetable oils that were available at a grocery store. A 1-mL sample of the corresponding oil containing a total of 32 pesticides, representing four categories, was mixed with 10% aqueous ginseng extract (20 mL) and equivalent vegetable oil (7 mL) in Falcon tubes. The final concentration of the pesticides in the mixture (28 mL) was adjusted to approximately 2 ppm. In addition, pesticides for spiking were clustered depending on the analytical equipment (GC/HPLC), detection mode (electron capture detector/nitrogen-phosphorus detector), or retention time used. Samples were harvested and subjected to quantitative analysis of the pesticides. Results: Soybean oil demonstrated the highest efficiency in partitioning pesticide residues in the ginseng extract to the oil phase. However, canola oil gave the best result in an organoleptic test due to the lack of undesirable odor and unpalatable taste. Furthermore, the qualitative and quantitative changes of ginsenosides evaluated by TLC and HPLC, respectively, revealed no notable change before or after canola oil treatment. Conclusion: We suggest that canola oil is an excellent vehicle with respect to its organoleptic property, cost-effectiveness and efficiency of eliminating pesticide residues in ginseng extract.