• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.57-90
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• 1998

This study attempts to explore the evolution paths of Korean SMEs'strategies and their technological teaming processes. Several different evolution paths are identified based on a dynamic strategic group analysis of 115 SMEs'strategy in the Korean electronic component industry for the period of 1990-1995. Further, inadept case analyses on technological learning processes in 5 firms are undertaken. Major findings of this study can be summarized as follows : 1) There are three dominant evolution paths in SMEs'strategy. First path indicates the evolution from a subcontractor or petty imitator group(a strategic group with the narrow product/market domain and the low level of accumulated resource/capabilities) into an innovator group(a strategic group with the narrow domain but high level of technological capability) by accumulating technological capabilities. Second, some firms move from a subcontractor group into a generalizer group(a strategic group with broad product/market domain but relatively low level of technological capability) by simply adding product lines. Third path involves firms which evolve from a subcontractor group into a production focus group(a strategic group with high level of production capability) by investing in production capabilities. 2) An in-depth case analysis shows those who succeeded in technological learning are managed by CEOs, who have technological expertise and strategic vision, and have made an effort to establish management practices to support innovation, such employee educational program, performance-based reward system, etc. The successful firms also aggressively pursue diverse external linkages with outside technology sources to learn product and process technologies. Fiendly, this study discusses several implications of the findings for the theoretical development and strategic management of small firms in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.353-363
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• 2000

In this study, discourse patterns of four peer small groups in learning science concepts were examined. Verbal interactions during small group discussions were audio- and video-taped, transcribed, and analyzed. Three coding frameworks for the levels of turns, interaction units, and episodes were developed. In the analyses of turns, no clear relationships between students' prior achievements and contributions to knowledge building processes were found. Partly participating modes and symmetrical interaction modes were dominant in the analyses of interaction units to suggest that some students did not participate actively in small group discussions and that students' verbal interactions were superficial. The analyses of episodes also indicated that agreeing and/or partial elaborating on group members' ideas were the most frequent patterns and dialectical exchanges were rare in small group discussion.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 2023

This study analyzed the types of knowledge building discourse and knowledge building processes in small group learning using augmented reality. Eight 8th grade students took classes using augmented reality in solubility, boiling and melting points. These classes were carried out twice and all the classes were videotaped and recorded. Every student participated in a semi-structured interview. In the types of knowledge building discourse, the proportion of knowledge sharing and knowledge construction was similar. Beneath the knowledge sharing, the proportion of introductory level discussion was higher than identifying key elements of augmented reality. Recalling existing knowledge rarely appeared. Under the knowledge construction, the proportion of advanced level discussion was the highest and the proportion of sharing and critiquing ideas at a different level and efforts to rise above current levels of explanation was similar. The introductory level discussion and identifying key elements of augmented reality were developed into efforts to rise above current levels of explanation and sharing and critiquing ideas at a different level. Visualized results of knowledge building processes showed all the students' graph drew an upward curve, though cumulative number of impact value was different by each student. As a result of the study, effective ways of improving small group learning using augmented reality are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Recently, the repair and recycling of damaged mechanical parts via metal additive manufacturing processes have been industrial points of interest. This is because the repair and recycling of damaged mechanical parts can reduce energy and resource consumption. The directed energy deposition(DED) process has various advantages such as the possibility of selective deposition, large building space, and a small heat-affected zone. Hence, it is a suitable process for repairing damaged mechanical parts. The shaft is a core component of various mechanical systems. Although there is a high demand for the repair of the shaft, it is difficult to repair with traditional welding processes because of the thermal deformation problem. The objective of this study is to propose a repair procedure for a damaged shaft using the DED process and discuss its applications. Three types of cases, including a small shaft with a damaged surface, a medium-size shaft with a worn bearing joint, and a large shaft with serious damage, were repaired using the proposed procedure. The microstructure and hardness were examined to discuss the characteristics of the repaired component. The efficiency of the repair of the damaged shaft is also discussed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.365-376
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• 2010

This paper summarizes the results of a Writing Group on the Extension of CFD codes to two-phase flow safety problems, which was created by the Group for Analysis and Management of Accidents of the Nuclear Energy Agency' Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (NEA-CSNI). Two-phase CFD used for safety investigations may predict small scale flow processes, which are not seen by system thermalhydraulic codes. However, the two-phase CFD models are not as mature as those in the single phase CFD and potential users need some guidance for proper application. In this paper, a classification of various modelling approaches is proposed. Then, a general multi-step methodology for using two-phase-CFD is explained, including a preliminary identification of flow processes, a model selection, and a verification and validation process. A list of 26 nuclear reactor safety issues that could benefit from investigations at the CFD scale is identified. Then, a few issues are analyzed in more detail, and a preliminary state-of-the-art is proposed and the remaining gaps in the existing approaches are identified. Finally, guidelines for users are proposed.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-102
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• 2007

Consumers evaluate stores by comparing stores that we, in their minds, similar and are competitive with one another; and in this way, the term "consideration set of stores" is defined as those store alternatives the consumer is aware of and evaluates positively. The purpose of this study is to aid in understanding the consideration set of stores in store choice processes in apparel product purchases. More specifically, this study aims to clarify the relation between consideration set of stores and importance of store image. As a result, the respondents of quantitative study were classified into seven groups by the number of stores and store types they considered: 1) "small-road shop sets group" ; 2) "small-market sets group" ; 3) "small- department store sets group" ; 4) "small-department store/outlet sets group" ; 5) "large-department store/market sets group" ; 6) "large-department store/road shop sets group" ; and 7) "large-department store sets group". Further, significant differences among the groups in the importance of store image were observed. For example, low prices were an important factor in both the small-market considering group and large-department store/market considering group when choosing a retail store, there were also differences in the considering groups in that for the small-department store considering group, store mileage-discount cards were important whereas ample space for relaxation around the stores were important retail store selection factors for the large-department store/road shop considering group. This study may provide a useful direction to retailers in finding out who the target customers and competitive stores are and allow retailers to make proper marketing strategies.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2012

Since the development of surface magnetic features should reflect the evolution of the solar magnetic field in the deep interior of the Sun, it is crucial to study properties of sunspots and sunspot groups to understand the physical processes working below the solar surface. Here, using the data set of sunspot groups observed at the ButterStar observatory for 3,364 days from 2002 October 16 to 2011 December 31, we investigate temporal change of sunspot groups depending on their Z$\ddot{u}$rich classification type. Our main findings are as follows: (1) There are more sunspot groups in the southern hemisphere in solar cycle 23, while more sunspot groups appear in the northern hemisphere in solar cycle 24. We also note that in the declining phase of solar cycle 23 the decreasing tendency is apparently steeper in the solar northern hemisphere than in the solar southern hemisphere. (2) Some of sunspot group types make a secondary peak in the distribution between the solar maximum and the solar minimum. More importantly, in this particular data set, sunspot groups which have appeared in the solar southern hemisphere make a secondary peak 1 year after a secondary peak occurs in the solar northern hemisphere. (3) The temporal variations of small and large sunspot group numbers are disparate. That is, the number of large sunspot group declines earlier and faster and that the number of small sunspot group begins to rise earlier and faster. (4) The total number of observed sunspot is found to behave more likewise as the small sunspot group does. Hence, according to our findings, behaviors and evolution of small magnetic flux tubes and large magnetic flux tubes seem to be different over solar cycles. Finally, we conclude by briefly pointing out its implication on the space weather forecast.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.189-202
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• 2002

Problem-centered learning reflects learning strategy based on constructivism. In this learning, students should find the solution in a small group discussion, and share their solutions with classmates in whole class discussion. So students participate in mathematics instruction actively and interact with other students about the strategies. We expect students would change their attitudes on mathematics and mathematical learning in these processes. In this study, we analyzed students' attitudes on mathematics and mathematical learning when they participated the problem-centered learning program. We found the change of students' attitudes to mathematics via problem-centered learning.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.375-386
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• 2019

This study explores how elementary school students construct food pyramid prediction models using scientific reasoning. Thirty small groups of sixth-grade students in the Kyoungki province (n=138) participated in this study; each small group constructed a food pyramid prediction model based on scientific reasoning, utilizing prior knowledge on topics such as biotic and abiotic factors, food chains, food webs, and food pyramid concepts. To understand the scientific reasoning applied by the students during the modeling process, three forms of qualitative data were collected and analyzed: each small group's discourse, their representation, and the researcher's field notes. Based on this data, the researcher categorized the students' model patterns into three categories and identified how the students used scientific reasoning in their model patterns. The study found that the model patterns consisted of the population number variation model, the biological and abiotic factors change model, and the equilibrium model. In the population number variation model, students used phenomenon-based reasoning and relation-based reasoning to predict variations in the number of producers and consumers. In the biotic and abiotic factors change model, students used relation-based reasoning to predict the effects on producers and consumers as well as on decomposers and abiotic factors. In the equilibrium model, students predicted that "the food pyramid would reach equilibrium," using relation-based reasoning and model-based reasoning. This study demonstrates that elementary school students can systematically elaborate on complicated ecology concepts using scientific reasoning and modeling processes.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.323-331
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• 2012

Purpose: Level of meta-cognition of students has been regarded as one of the crucial factors on web-based learning. This study aimed to describe interaction type in small group discussion of the nursing graduate students and to investigate learning consequences and interaction types in group discussion on meta-cognition level. Method: Twenty six graduate nursing students attending the class on-line at the K university in Seoul were included in the study. We measured their meta-cognition level and learning attitude. We also scored their individual and group reports as well as analyzed interaction type by reviewing the dialogue of the group discussion. Results: The participants showed low frequency of exploratory interaction and high frequency of integrative interaction in the cognitive interaction category. They showed frequent modification interaction in the meta-cognitive interaction category. Interestingly, the students with lower level of meta-cognition achieved significantly greater scores in the individual assignments. High functioning group consisting of the students with high meta-cognitive level produced greater group report. Conclusion: A new strategy is needed to encourage in-depth interaction in a group discussion of nursing students. Meta-cognitive level of the students should be considered to form a small group for discussion in order to improve group activities.