• Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2018

Echocardiography is one of the most useful diagnostic techniques for differentiating heart disease as well as mitral valve lesion. Forty client-owned small breed dogs (weight, 2.3-13.2 kg) aged between 8-17 years with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) were included in the present study. The diagnosis of MMVD in dogs was made based on the clinical signs, chest radiography data, and echocardiographic findings. Echocardiographic examinations were conducted in accordance with recommended standards for dogs. M-mode, Doppler, and 2D echocardiography were performed in left and right lateral recumbency. 2D echocardiography was used to measure LA and Ao diameter from 2D short axis at the level of the aortic valve. In the comparison of conventional echocardiography indices in dogs with different stages of heart failure with MMVD, significant differences were observed in E/A ratio (p=0.005), EDV (p<0.001), EDVI (p<0.001), E-peak velocity (p= 0.001), ESV (p=0.028), ESVI (p=0.004), LA (p<0.001), LA/Ao Ratio (p<0.001), LVIDd (p<0.001), LVIDd/Ao Ratio (p<0.001), LVIDs (p=0.036), LVIDs/Ao Ratio (p=0.002), and MR Velocity (p=0.026). In addition, distinct correlations were found in EDV (r=0.712), LA/Ao ration (r=0.830), LVIDd (r=0.724), and LVIDd/Ao ratio (r=0.759). This study found that known conventional echocardiographic indices, including EDV, LA/Ao ratio, LVIDd dimension, and LVIDd/Ao ratio correlated with the severity of MMVD in point of significant differences and distinct correlations.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2022

The center of rotation of angulation-based leveling osteotomy (CBLO) has been introduced for the stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) in small-breed dogs. This technique can be applied to the tibia without damaging its tuberosity. Although different designs of CBLO plates are available, tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) plates have been still used for stabilization during CBLO. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have reported the effects of TPLO plates on the postoperative limb alignment after CBLO. Therefore, the present study (January 2020 to February 2021) aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes (postoperative tibial plateau angle [TPA] and tibial alignment) in patients receiving CBLO and TPLO plates during CBLO. Paired stifle joints (n = 16) were obtained from eight toy-breed cadaver dogs (mean weight, 4.4 kg) that underwent CBLO. The joints were randomly assigned to receive the CBLO (CBLO group) or TPLO plates (TPLO group). Pre-and postoperative radiographs were obtained, and the dissected tibiae were evaluated. The following postoperative parameters were compared to evaluate the surgical outcome: TPA, osteotomy location, mechanical medial proximal tibia angle, inter-segment gap, and tibial plateau translation. No significant differences were found in the postoperative alignment between the two groups. Therefore, TPLO plates may be considered as a viable alternative in toy-breed dogs undergoing CBLO.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2020

목적: 본 연구는 반려견의 건강과 인간에게 돌아오는 피해를 줄이기 위하여 인간에게 좋은 원적외선 방출 황토섬유로 반려견 방석을 제조하여 반려견에게 적용하여 선호도를 조사하였다. 방법: 바디유 원적외선방출 황토방석과 보통의 황색방석을 놓고 소형 반려견 12마리를 대상으로 선호성을 관찰하였다. 결과: 반려견들이 황토방석과 일반방석의 선호도에서는 83.3%가 황토방석에 주로 앉거나 수면을 취하였다. 물어뜯기 성격은 83.3%가 개선되었다. 황토방석을 이용 후에는 4 마리에서는 눈병, 1 마리에서는 습진 및 2 마리가 알레르기 등이 개선되었고, 나머지 개는 변화가 없었다. 활동 상태는 체험 후에는 50%가 조용해지었다. 성격 변화는 87.5%가 순해지었다. 결론: 황토방석이 반려견들의 취향과 성격에 많은 변화를 주고, 피부병이 완화되는 결과를 발견하였다. 새로운 황토방석을 반려견이 스스로 선택하는 선호성에 대한 탐색연구로서 이 분야의 기초연구 자료로서 가치가 있다고 판단한다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.53.1-53.12
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• 2020

Background: The TightRope System is a device developed to provide extracapsular stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in canine stifles. I was then also employed for the extra-articular treatment of shoulder instability and for the intra-articular treatment of hip luxation in dogs and cats. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of the Mini-TightRope (mTR) System for the intraarticular treatment of CCL rupture in small breed dogs. Methods: A cadaveric canine model was used to record the steps of the surgical procedure. Five client owned dogs weighing from 8 to 10 kg and from 2 to 12 years of age were enrolled in the prospective study in which the mTR device was implanted in the stifle joint to replace the ruptured CCL. The dogs were graded using the Bologna Healing Stifle Injury Index (BHSII) and radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) scores. Results: The outcomes obtained at the time of the surgery (T0) and for the following 12 months (T12) showed an improvement in the functional parameters (BHSII from a median of 74.3 [range, 58.1-82.4] at T0 to 95.6 [range, 94.1-99.3] at T12]). The OA did not change in 3 dogs and increased by only 1 point in 2 dogs. Conclusions: In this preliminary study, the mTR was a successful and repeatable intraarticular surgical procedure for all dogs. Additional studies related to the clinical application of the technique in medium-large dogs should be encouraged.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.268-275
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• 2023

In this paper, we designed 3D-printed orthopedic splint models for patient-specific external coaptation on fracture healing and analyzed the stability of the models through finite element method (FEM) analysis under compressive load conditions. Polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) based 3D splint models of the thicknesses 1, 3, 5 and 7 mm were designed, and Peak von Mises stress (PVMS) and maximum displacement (MD) of the models were analyzed by FEM under compressive loads of 50, 100, 150, and 200 N. The FEM results indicated that PVMS and MD values, regardless of material, had a negative correlation with the thickness of the models and a positive correlation with the compressive load. There was a risk of splint deformation under conditions more extreme than 100 N with 5 mm thickness. For successful clinical application of 3D-printed orthopedic splints in veterinary medicine, it is recommended that the splint should be produced not less than 5 mm thickness. Also, it is expected to be stable when the splint is applied to situations with a compressive load of 100 N or less. There is an advantage of overcoming the limitations of the existing bandage method through 3D-printing technology as well as verifying the stability through 3D modeling before application. Such 3D printing technology will be widely used in veterinary medicine and various fields as well as orthopedics.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2022

Appropriate suture technique is crucial for successful tracheal anastomosis. However, standards for an ideal suture method have not yet been established. A previous study suggested tracheal anastomosis using barbed sutures that do not require knots; however, their use in small animals has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to compare knotless barbed sutures with conventional smooth sutures in terms of maximum tensile strength and suturing time in canine tracheal models to demonstrate the feasibility of using barbed sutures in tracheal anastomosis in dogs. Tracheal segments harvested from nine beagle dog cadavers were randomly assigned to three suture groups: barbed suture (B), smooth suture in simple interrupted pattern (SI), and smooth suture in simple continuous pattern (SC). The maximum tensile force and suturing time were compared according to the suturing method, and the mode of failure was evaluated. The average suturing time was 3.29 min in the B group; 4.41 min, SC group; and 8.99 min, SI group (p < 0.001). The average maximum tensile force in the SC group was 134.97 N, which was stronger than the SI (110.57 N) and B groups (103.10 N) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The difference between the B and SI groups was not significant (p = 0.05). The B group demonstrated comparable mechanical strength and shorter suture time compared with the SI group. Therefore, tracheal anastomosis using barbed sutures could be an effective alternative to conventional smooth sutures in dogs.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2022

In veterinary medicine, a variety of disease are known to cause coagulation abnormalities. Identification of these coagulation abnormalities have been relied on traditional coagulation assays(platelet concentration, aPTT, PT, D-dimer, fibrinogen) which take only a small part of the coagulation pathways rather than global hemostatic capacity. Among of the hypercoagulable diseases, cardiovascular disease, such as mitral valvular disease, was not regarded as the cause of the hypercoagulability. The value of a thromboelastography (TEG) as an early predictor of coagulopathy, especially hypercoagulability, has been founded. It was associated with decreased R and K values, and increased MA and α angle. The objective of this study was to compare thromboelastography results and those of traditional coagulation tests between twenty adult dogs with mitral insufficiency (MVI group) and eleven adult healthy dogs (Healthy group). As a results, MA values in the patients with mitral insufficiency (68.8±7.8 mm) were significantly higher than the normal patients (60.4±4.8 mm) (P value<0.05). Although a little report has been reported in veterinary medicine, platelet activation seems to be related with hypercoagulability in MVI patients in human medicine. The result of this report can support this pathophysiology in veterinary medicine. In addition to traditional coagulation assay, global assessment of coagulopathy using TEG, especially ability to detect hypercoagulability, may be useful for customized treatment in MVI patients. To achieve this, further study is needed to define pathophysiology and effect of medication.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.14
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• 2024

Background: Sufficient surgical resection is necessary for effective tumor control, but is usually limited for vertebral tumors, especially in the cervical spine in small animal neurosurgery. Objective: To evaluate the primary stability and safety of customized three-dimensional (3D)-printed implants for cervical spine reconstruction after total vertebrectomy. Methods: Customized guides and implants were designed based on computed tomography (CT) imaging of five beagle cadavers and were 3D-printed. They were used to reconstruct C5 after total vertebrectomy. Postoperative CT images were obtained to evaluate the safety and accuracy of screw positioning. After harvesting 10 vertebral specimens (C3-C7) from intact (group A) and implanted spines (group B), implant stability was analyzed using a 4-point bending test comparing with groups A and C (reconstituted with plate and pins/polymethylmethacrylate after testing in Group A). Results: All customized implants were applied without gross neurovascular damage. In addition, 90% of the screws were in a safe area, with 7.5% in grade 1 (< 1.3 mm) and 2.5% in grade 2 (> 1.3 mm). The mean entry point and angular deviations were 0.81 ± 0.43 mm and 6.50 ± 5.11°, respectively. Groups B and C significantly decreased the range of motion (ROM) in C3-C7 compared with intact spines (p = 0.033, and 0.018). Both groups reduced overall ROM and neutral zone in C4-C6, but only group B showed significance (p = 0.005, and 0.027). Conclusion: Customized 3D-printed implants could safely and accurately replace a cervical vertebra in dog cadavers while providing primary stability.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.255-258
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• 2015

위확대염전 (gastric dilatation and volvulus; GDV)는 위급하고 생명을 위협하는 질병으로 보통 대형견에서 호발한다. 하지만 17살 Shih-tzu (4 kg, 중성화 암컷)가 급성 위확대염전으로 응급내원한 경우가 있었다. 내원했을 당시 지속적인 헛구역질, 무기력, 그리고 과도하게 확장된 복부가 관찰되었다. 신체검사상 환자는 저체온증 ($36.5^{\circ}C$), 심박수 항진 (240 bpm), 느려진 모세혈관 재충만 시간 (> 2초)였고 점막은 창백한 색이었다. 폐음은 정상적이었지만 3단계의 murmur를 청진상 확인하였다. 복부타진을 통해서 복부 양쪽으로 공명하는 부위의 존재가 확인되었다. 수축기혈압은 220에서 시작해서 40 mmHg까지 4시간동안 점진적으로 감소하였다. 혈액검사상, blood urea nitrogen (BUN; 29.1 mg/dl)과creatinine (1.6 mg/dl)의 값을 토대로 미약한 질소혈증 상태였다. 혈중 젖산 농도는 (8.13 mmol/l)로 심각하게 증가해있었다. 추가적인 방사선 검사를 통해서 위확대염전을 확인하였다. 위내 압력을 줄이기 위해, 위천공과 비위삽관을 통한 기체와 액체 제거를 실시하는 동안 보조적으로 산소, 열, 수액, 그리고 약물들을 처치하였다. 또한 dobutamine의 정맥내투여에도 불구하고 수축기혈압이 일정하게 유지되지 않았고, 이에 따라 혼수상태에 빠지고 말았다. 환자의 나이와 복지를 고려하여 안락사가 결정되어 생을 마감하였다. 이번 경우는 최종적으로 위확대염전으로 진단되었으며, 이는 Shih-tzu와 같은 소형견에서 보고되는 첫 위확대염전 case라는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.555-561
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 중 소형견에서 1개의 복강경 통로를 통한 내시경적 담낭 제거술을 실시함으로써, 개에서 최소 침습적 수술로 담낭 절제술을 실시할 수 있는 방법을 확립하기 위하여 실시하였다. 실험 동물로 총 3마리의 수컷 비글견 ($10.3{\pm}0.62$ kg)을 이용하였으며 배꼽 주위에 하나의 절개창을 만든 후 단일 통로 내시경 시스템을 장착하였다. 이 시스템을 통해 내시경과 Maryland 복강경용 겸자로 담낭을 견인, 제거하였다. 3마리 모두 성공적으로 담낭 절제술을 실시하였으며, 수술 후 감염과 같은 합병증은 발생하지 않았다. 또한 술전, 술후를 비교한 혈액, 혈청 검사상에서도 특이적인 소견은 관찰되지 않았다. 술후 7일 후에 이루어진 부검 소견에서도 출혈 및 담즙의 유출 및 복막염 등과 같은 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해, 단일 통로를 이용한 내시경 유도하 담낭 절제술은 중소형견에서 실시할 수 있는 복강 수술 방법 중 최소한의 절개를 통해 비침습적으로 이루어질 수 있는 유용한 수술 방법이라 할 수 있다.