• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.353-359
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• 1996

The experiments were conducted in the leaching of aqueous uranium from low-grade uranium ore by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The optimal concentration of ferrous iron in 9K medium was 16.2g/L when the uranium ore concentration in slurry was 40g/L. The leaching rates were increased by decreasing the particle size of uranium ore and by increasing uranium ore concentration. In the leaching experiments in an agitated vessel reactor, only 39.3% of uranium was leached out within 12 days, which was comparable as that in the shaking incubator, without any notable improvement. Hence, it was observed that an agitated vessel reactor was not effective in the leaching of uranium from uranium ore by T. ferrooxidans. In the leaching experiments in a draught-tube reactor, the maximum concentration of uranium leached and cell number were a 12.8mg/L and $2.47{\times}1010cells/mL$ respectively. The uranium yield reached up to 91.4% within 11 days culture due to enhanced aeration and mixing characteristics of draught-tube reactor as compared to agitated vessel reactor.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2003

$TAO^{TM}$ System is an auto-heated thermophilic aerated digestion process using a proprietary microbe called as a Phototropic Bacteria (PTB). High metabolic activity results in heat generation, which enables to produce a pathogen-free and digested liquid fertilizer at short retention times. TAO$^{TM}$ system has been developed to reduce a manure volume and convert into the liquid fertilizer using swine manure since 1992. About 100 units have been installed and operated in Korean swine farms so far. TAO$^{TM}$ system consists of a reactor vessel and ejector-type aeration pumps and foam removers. The swine slurry manure enters into vessel with PTB and is mixed and aerated. The process is operated at detention times from 2 to 4 days and temperature of 55 to $65^{\circ}C$. Foams are occurred and broken down by foam removers to evaporate water contents. Generally, at least 30% of water content is evaporated, 99% of volatile fatty acids caused an odor are removed and pathogen destruction is excellent with fecal coliform, rotavirus and salmonella below detection limits. The effluent from TAO$^{TM}$ system, called as the "TAO EFFLUX", is screened and has superb properties as a fertilizer. Normally N-P-K contents of screened TAO Efflux are 4.7 g/L, 0.375 g/L and 2.8 g/L respectively. The fertilizer effect of TAO EFFLUX compared to chemical fertilizer has been demonstrated and studied with various crops such as rice, potato, cabbage, pumpkin, green pepper, parsley, cucumber and apple. Generally it has better fertilizer effects and excellent soil fertility improvement effects. Moreover, the TAO EFFLUX is concentrated through membrane technology without fouling problems for a cost saving of long distance transportation and a commercialization (crop nutrient commodity) to a gardening market, for example.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2009

A survey questionnaire that addressed the issues to manure compost producers and users was prepared. The questionnaire addressed three main topics as follows: 1) types of manure treatment and composting facilities are being operated, 2) quantity of manure compost produced and used, 3) problems experienced in producing and using manure compost. A total of 30 manure compost producers and 10 manure compost users were interviewed. Solid manure are applied to composting. Slurry and wastewater are simplified aeration method to produce liquid fertilizer. The open elongated type manure composting are generally used on manure compost centers jointly used by several farms. The amount of annually manure compost production was most common in the range of $5{\sim}10$ thousand tons per manure compost center. The manure compost utilization and cucumber yield were mostly $6{\sim}15$ tons and $20{\sim}27$ tons per 10a of cucumber farmland, respectively. Environmentally friendly use both of manure compost and chemical fertilizer are recommended for natural recycling agriculture.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to collect basis data for to establish standard administrative processes of liquid fertilizer treatment. From this survey we could make out the key point of each step through a case of effective liquid manure treatment system in pig house. It is divided into six step; 1. piggery slurry management step, 2. Solid-liquid separation step, 3. liquid fertilizer treatment (aeration) step, 4. liquid fertilizer treatment (microorganism, recirculation and internal return) step, 5. liquid fertilizer treatment (completion) step, 6. land application step. From now on, standardization process of liquid manure treatment technologies need to be develop based on the six steps process.