• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.143-152
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• 2016

To estimate the stability of a debris flow it is necessary to know the mass of surface soil, cohesion, slope, and friction angle. Given that the mass of surface soil is a function of soil thickness and mass density, it is important to obtain reliable estimates of soil thickness across a wide area. The objective of this paper is to estimate soil thickness using the elastic wave velocity with a new standard velocity. Tests are performed in debris-flow hazard areas, after which four profiles are selected to obtain the elastic wave velocity. Dynamic cone penetration tests are carried out to find the soil thickness at 18 points. The elastic wave velocity shows the area consists of 3~4 layers, and soil thicknesses are predicted by utilizing the new standard. The elastic wave velocity and dynamic cone penetration tests yield large differences in soil thickness. Therefore, this study shows that the new standard is useful not only in estimating soil thickness but also in improving the reliability of estimates of soil thickness.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1319-1328
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• 2011

Rhododendron brachycarpum is a evergreen broad-leaved shrub and belongs to the Ericaceae family and the Rhododendron genus. It is well known for its beautiful leaves and flowers. There are 11 species of the Rhododendron genus in Korea. It includes 3 species - Rhododendron brachycarpum, Rhododendron aureum Georgi and Rhododendron brachycarpum var. roseum Koidz. They grow naturally over 1,000 meters above sea level of the Baekdu Mountain Range in Korea. These habitats, according to investigations of 9 Rhododendron brachycarpum natural habitats, are mostly located on the slope of mountains facing north at an altitude of 1,200 m to 1,526 m above sea level with angle of inclination from 30 degrees to 45 degrees. Based on the result of vegetation analysis of dominance species in the quadrates, there are Quercus aliena, Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb, Abies holophylla in species of upper trees, and so on. Dominant species of woody plants in tree layer are Quercus aliena, Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb, Abies holophylla, Betula platyphylla and Veeatrum patulum Loes. fil, Erythronium japonicum, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Paeonia japonica var. glabra Makino are founded in herbaceous plants. And we can see another result of the investigation that the flowering rates of the plants with the buds are highly ranked mountains such as Mt. Hambaek 68%, Mt. Gyebang 40%, Mt. Yagksu 9%, Mt. Gaein 7% and Mt. Seolag 0%. The results show that there are 24 over 15-year-old Rhododendron brachycarpums in Mt. Odae and are 56 under 15-year-old trees in Mt. Hambaek and are no trees in Mt. Gyebang and are 9 over 30-year-dead trees only in Mt. Taebaeg. Out of found trees, the highest tree is 7 m in height and 0.6 m in diameter. Also this result shows what are the vulnerability factors of the natural habitats. They are as follows: indiscriminate trails in mountains, damages by mountain climbers, uncareful plant collecting, the fierce competitions with other plants such as Acer pseudosieboldianum var. ishidoyanum Uyeki, Quercus aliena, Celastrus orbiculatus and damages by disease and insect, unusual temperature in natural habitats, etc. Rhododendron brachycarpums have high ornamental value and excellent pharmaceutical effect. But the areas of its habitats decrease dramatically. So we need measures to protect and their natural habitats. It is necessary that we conductfurther investigations to designate conservation area for Rhododendron brachycarpums.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.15 no.2 s.42
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• pp.145-154
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• 2005

This study conducted to develop an assessment method of runout distance of debris flow that is a major type of landslides in Korea. In order to accomplish the objectives, this study performed detailed field survey of runout distance and laboratory soil tests using 24 landslides over three pilot sites. Based on the data of the field survey and the laboratory tests, an assessment method of runout distance was suggested using the artificial neural network. The input data for the analysis of artificial neural network are change rate of slope angle, Permeability coefficient of in-situ soil, dry density, void ratio, volume of debris and the measured runout distance. The analyzed results using the artificial neural network show low error rate of inference distributing lower than $10\%$. Some cases have $5\%$ and $2\%$ of error rates of inferences. The results can be thought as excellent teaming rates. However, it is difficult to be accepted as excellent results if it is considered with the results derived using only 24 landslide data. Therefore, more landslide data should be surveyed and analyzed to increase the confidence in the assessment results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6159-6166
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• 2012

A discharge measurement is difficult in flood season which is especially important in the water resources field and the continuous discharge measurement for all rivers is impossible on the present system. So, the stage-discharge curve has been used for a long time to produce discharge data of rivers. However, there has been problems from a reliability angle due to the fact that this method uses only stage-discharge relationship, although the stage-discharge curve has the convenience. Therefore, a new mean velocity equation was derived by using Chiu's 2D velocity formula of the entropy concept in this paper. The derived equation reflected hydraulic characteristics such as the depth, gravity acceleration, hydraulic radius, energy slope, kinematic coefficient of viscosity, etc. and estimated also a maximum velocity. In addition, this method verified the relationship between a mean and maximum velocity and estimates an equilibrium state ${\phi}(M)$ well presenting properties of a river cross section as the results. The mean velocity was estimated by using the equilibrium state ${\phi}(M)$, and then the discharge was estimated. To prove this equation to be accurate, the comparison between the measured and estimated discharge is conducted by using the measured laboratory data in the unsteady condition flow showing loop state and the results are consistent. If this study is constantly carried out by using various laboratory and river data, this method will be widely utilized in water resources field.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.77-92
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to examine the expression methods of Haute Couture designers' high value-added jacket designs, In order to achieve this, the positions and sizes of the design component items of tailored jackets designed by Haute Couture designers from the 1940s to the 1970s were analyzed. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the silhouette changed while leading the contemporaneous fashions, and such changes could be confirmed by the width and length of the jacket's shoulder, chest, waist, and hem that determine the silhouette. Particularly, the length of the chest changed which signifies that the depth of the armhole was playing an important role in the production of high value-added jackets in relation to the sleeves and the fit of jackets. Second, the position and the size of the dart are the components that can express the fit of a jacket and the designer's creativity, The starting point position of the dart and the position passing by waist, and the position of the end of the dart were placed in the position beyond B.P. depending on the designer's creativity and techniques, deriving the changes of the silhouette and creating high value-added jackets. Third, the tailored collar, which was a three-dimensional component made up of the upper collar, gorge line, lapel, and break line, was an important component that could express high value-added jackets. Changes in the width and the height of the break line position of the sides of the neck were represented as changes in the neck size of the collar, and changes in the vertex locations of the upper collar corner-point, the gorge line (the corner-point of the lapel and V zone) were also represented as diverse tailored collar designs. And the differences in the width and the length of each component of the collar were related to each other and represented as changes in the slope and angle of the collar outline. Fourth, the changes in sleeve designs of the jacket were in such items as the width of the sleeve opening, the width of the sleeve hem, and the length of the sleeve, and were represented as diverse sleeve designs such as widened sleeve opening types, and straight line types.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2010

In this paper, a deformation measurement technology of the nuclear fuel rod is proposed. The deformation measurement system include high definition CCD or CMOS image sensor, lens, semiconductor laser line beam marker, and optical & mechanical accessories. The basic idea of the deformation measurement is to illuminate the outer surface of the fuel rod with collimated laser line beam at an angle of 45 degrees or higher. The relative motion of the fuel rod in the horizontal direction causes the illuminated laser line beam to move vertically along the surface of the fuel rod. The resulting change of laser line beam position in the surface of the fuel rod is imaged as the parabolic beam in the high definition CCD or CMOS image sensor. From the parabolic beam pattern, the ellipse model is extracted. And the slope of the long and the short axis of the ellipse model is found. The crossing point between the saddle point of the parabolic beam and the long & short axis of the ellipse model is taken as the feature of the deformed fuel rod. The vertical offset between feature points before and after fuel rod deformation is calculated. From the experimental results, $50\;{\mu}m$ inspection resolution is acquired using the proposed method, which is three times enhanced than the conventional criterion ($150\;{\mu}m$) of the guide for the inspection of the nuclear fuel rod.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2009

In this paper, an optical touch panel device is newly proposed, with operating principle based on the optical coupling between a pointing pen having a built-in light source and perpendicularly crossed optical waveguide arrays. In order to enable an external light to couple into a waveguide core, the auxiliary pyramidal structures are introduced into all intersecting points located periodically along optical waveguides. The shape is optimized for minimizing the unwanted propagation loss due to the same structure by a ray tracing method. For the optical waveguide with the size of $50{\times}50{\mu}m^2$, the bottom width, height, and slope angle of the optimized pyramidal structure are $50{\mu}m$, $22.5{\mu}m$, and $42^{\circ}$, respectively. The optical coupling efficiency of about 97.8% and the average propagation loss of 0.3 dB/mm were achieved for the optimized touch panel. Finally, it is found from the tolerance analysis that tilting of the pen up to ${\pm}12^{\circ}$ can be allowed.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.547-556
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• 2013

Recently, golf courses have increased over the years because golf became popular leisure sport. Various environmental problems have been then issued by a golf course during constructing and running them. A problem of pesticide, which is serious among various environmental problems, from golf course has harmful effect on surrounding area and makes human suffer from acute and chronic diseases. Pesticides are used for the cost-effective managing of golf course and the amount of pesticides also increases as the number of golf course increase. Since the assessment of pesticides on near-by surrounding has been focused on water and soil media, studies related to atmospheric dispersion have been hardly attempted. The method to assess an impact of pesticide nearby agricultural production by the atmospheric dispersion using AGDISP(AGricultural DISPersal) model was developed and applied to the actual planned golf course located in Hongcheon, Gangwon. For implementing AGDISP, parameters were investigated from the golf course's land use planning map, pesticide spray device, Hong-Cheon weather station and etc. First of all, a kind of pesticide, a form of spraying pesticide, geographical features, weather data, and distance(golf course to plantation) were investigated to understand how to work these parameters in AGDISP. Restricted data(slope angle, droplet size distribution and solar insolation) sensitivity analysis of these parameters to estimate effect of pesticide nearby a plantation and a high relative contribution data of analyzed data was selected for input data. Ethoprophos was chosen as the pesticide used in the golf course and the amounts of pesticide deposition per annual agricultural productions were predicted. The results show that maximum amount of pesticide deposition through atmospheric dispersion was predicted $2.32{\mu}/m^2$ at 96 m where the nearest organic plantation exists. The residues of pesticide were also estimated based on the annul production of the organic and the deposition amount of the pesticide. Consequently, buckwheat, wheat and millet were likely to exceed maximum residue limits for pesticides in foods(MRL) and sorghum, corn and peanut were likely to exceed MRL by organic farming as well.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 2012

Purpose : IRMA method for the experimental reagents, as set out in the manual settings for doing and reporting the test results should, in principle. But many of the reagents allows for the setting of the plot does not have a lot of information. Depending on the angle setting of the table make a difference in test results and what settings are best suited to investigate. Materials and Methods : The hospital has Boramae DREAM10, Cobra, SR-300's using the Immunotech TSH reagents have been compared with the measurements. Since then there using EXCEL calculation of the equipment compared with the measurement. Results : In the comparison between each piece of equipment 1.SR-300: DREAM 10 y = 1.1376x - 0.046 (LOG-LOGIT), 2.SR-300: COBRA y = 1.0985x + 0.042 (LOG-LOG) 3.DREAM10: COBRA y = 0.965x + 0.0887 (LOG-LOG) was the result. In all charts the same X, Y axis, X values were good in general when you have. Linear-Logit value of Cobra Dream10 and Excel tends to match the calculated values provided. Conclusion : Is to guide the B / max, B / Total Logit Y axis of the chart is set to draw a look at the value equation when the X-axis LOG a high concentration are disadvantages rising urgently toward the slope. Linear-Logit plots close to the straight line has a curve. If you have a chart to guide on setting AS setting and therefore, set to guide the absence of information on the need to set up the experiment are thought to pass through.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2018

This study examined the correlation among topography, forest type, soil and geology in Inje area where landslides occurred during heavy rainfall from July 11 to July 18, 2006 to assess the landslide susceptibility. In order to assess the susceptibility of future landslides, landslides occurred in Inje area were classified into slide type and flow type, and slope angle, aspect, curvature, ridge and valley were extracted from the area. The landslide susceptibility was assessed by applying diameter class, age class, density, and forest type to Bayesianbased LR (Logistic Regression) model and WOE (Weight of Evidence) model, and the fitness of modeling was verified by predict rate curve. As the results of susceptibility assessment, using all landslides without no distintion, it was found that 75% of the LR model and 73% of the WOE model were fit in terms of the top 20% of the landslides. According to slide type and flow type in the top 20% of the landslides, it was found that 71% of the LR model and 69% of the WOE model were fit in terms of the slide type. Whereas, it was found that 86% of the LR model and 82% of the WOE model were fit in terms of the flow type. That is, the results of the LR model showed higher fitness than the results of the WOE model, and the fitness of the flow type was higher than that of the slide type. Consequently, it suggests that it is reasonable to assess and verify the landslide susceptibility according to the types of landslides.