• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 쿼드로터의 모터 하나가 완전히 고장이 발생한 경우 쿼드로터의 위치 제어를 위한 능동 결함 허용 제어 방법을 제안한다. 소각의 가정 없이 라그랑지 방정식을 사용하여 쿼드로터의 동적 방정식을 구한다. 제안한 방법에서는 모터의 결함 검출을 위해 고장 검출 및 진단(FDD) 모듈과 고장 검출 및 분리(FDI) 모듈로 구성되는 고장 검출모듈을 설계한다. FDD 모듈에서는 구해진 동력학에 기반하여 쿼드로터의 상태를 관측하는 비선형 관측기를 설계한다. 관측된 쿼드로터의 상태들를 이용하여, 유수 신호를 설계하고 결함을 검출하기 위한 유수 신호의 적절한 문턱 값을 설정한다. 또한 설계된 추가 조건을 사용하여 결함 위치를 알아내기 위한 FDI 모듈을 설계한다. 모터의 결함을 검출한 후 쿼드로터가 원하는 경로로 비행하기 위해 다중 슬라이딩 표면 제어 기법에 기반한 결함 허용 제어기를 설계한다. 마지막으로, 모의실험을 통해 제안한 능동 결함 허용 제어 방법이 효용성을 검증한다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.517-526
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• 2022

Previous studies have shown that pile-soil interactions have significant influences on the isolation efficiency of an isolated structure. However, most of the existing tests were carried out using a 1-g shaking table, which cannot reproduce the soil stresses resulting in distortion of the simulated pile-soil interactions. In this study, a centrifuge shaking table modelling of the seismic responses of a friction pendulum bearing isolated structure with a pile foundation under earthquakes were conducted. The pile foundation structure was designed and constructed with a scale factor of 1:100. Two layers of the foundation soil, i.e., the bottom layer was made of plaster and the upper layer was normal soil, were carefully prepared to meet the similitude requirement. Seismic responses, including strains, displacement, acceleration, and soil pressure were collected. The settlement of the soil, sliding of the isolator, dynamic amplification factor and bending moment of the piles were analysed to reveal the influence of the soil structure interaction on the seismic performance of the structure. It is found that the soil rotates significantly under earthquake motions and the peak rotation is about 0.021 degree under 24.0 g motions. The isolator cannot return to the initial position after the tests because of the unrecoverable deformation of the soil and the friction between the curved surface of the slider and the concave plate.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.387-401
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• 2016

This paper takes a half-through steel truss arch bridge as an example. A seismic analysis is conducted with nonlinear finite element method. Contrast models are established to discuss the effect of simplified method for main girder on the accuracy of the result. The influence of seismic wave direction and wave-passage on seismic behaviors are analysed as well as the superstructure and arch ring interaction which is mostly related with the supported bearings and wind resistant springs. In the end, the application of cable-sliding aseismic devices is discussed to put forward a layout principle. The main conclusions include: (1) The seismic response isn't too distinctive with the simplified method of main girder. Generally speaking, the grillage method is recommended. (2) Under seismic input from different directions, arch foot is usually the mostly dangerous section. (3) Vertical wave input and horizontal wave-passage greatly influence the seismic responses of arch ring, significantly increasing that of midspan. (4) The superstructure interaction has an obvious impact on the seismic performance. Half-through arch bridges with long spandrel columns fixed has a less response than those with short ones fixed. And a large stiffness of wind resistant spring makes the the seismic responses of arch ring larger. (5) A good isolation effectiveness for half-through arch bridge can be achieved by a reasonable arrangement of CSFABs.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.889-913
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• 2015

Structural vibration characteristics of a semi-active base-isolated building were investigated using seismic observation records including those of the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake (Tohoku earthquake). Three different types of analyses were conducted. First, we investigated the long-term changes in the natural frequencies and damping factors by using an ARX model and confirmed that the natural frequency of the superstructure decreased slightly after the main shock of the Tohoku earthquake. Second, we investigated short-term changes in the natural frequencies and damping factors during the main shock by using the N4SID method and observed different transition characteristics between the first and second modes. In the second mode, in which the superstructure response is most significant, the natural frequency changed depending on the response amplitude. In addition, at the beginning of the ground motion, the identified first natural frequency was high possibly as a result of sliding friction. Third, we compared the natural frequencies and damping factors between the conditions of a properly functional semi-active control system and a nonfunctional system, by using the records of the aftershocks of the Tohoku earthquake. However, we could not detect major differences because the response was probably influenced by sliding friction, which had a more significant effect on damping characteristics than did the semi-active dampers.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.381-399
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• 2005

Base isolation technologies have been proven to be very efficient in protecting structures from seismic hazards during experimental and theoretical studies. In recent years, there have been more and more engineering applications using base isolators to upgrade the seismic resistibility of structures. Optimum design of the base isolator can lessen the undesirable seismic hazard with the most efficiency. Hence, tracing the nonlinear behavior of the base isolator with good accuracy is important in the engineering profession. In order to predict the nonlinear behavior of base isolated structures precisely, hundreds even thousands of degrees-of-freedom and iterative algorithm are required for nonlinear time history analysis. In view of this, a simple and feasible exact formulation without any iteration has been proposed in this study to calculate the seismic responses of structures with base isolators. Comparison between the experimental results from shaking table tests conducted at National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in Taiwan and the analytical results show that the proposed method can accurately simulate the seismic behavior of base isolated structures with elastomeric bearings. Furthermore, it is also shown that the proposed method can predict the nonlinear behavior of the VCFPS isolated structure with accuracy as compared to that from the nonlinear finite element program. Therefore, the proposed concept can be used as a simple and practical tool for engineering professions for designing the elastomeric bearing as well as sliding bearing.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권5호
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• pp.591-606
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• 2022

When the friction pendulum system and shear keys work together to resist the ground motion, which inclined inputs (non 45°) to the bridge structure, the shear keys in XY direction will be sheared asynchronously, endowed the friction pendulum system with a violent curvilinear motion on the sliding surface during earthquakes. In view of this situation, firstly, this paper abandons the equivalent linearization model of friction and constructs a Spring-Coulomb friction plane isolation system with XY shear keys, and then makes a detailed mechanical analysis of the movement process of friction pendulum system, next, this paper establishes the mathematical model of structural time history response calculation by using the step-by-step integration method, finally, it compiles the corresponding computer program to realize the numerical calculation. The results show that the calculation method in this paper takes advantage of the characteristic that the friction force is always µmg, and creatively uses the "circle making method" to express the change process of the friction force and resultant force of the friction pendulum system in any calculation time step, which can effectively solve the temporal nonlinear action of the plane friction; Compared with the response obtained by the calculation method in this paper, the peak values of acceleration response and displacement response calculated by the unidirectional calculation model, which used in the traditional research of the friction pendulum system, are smaller, so the unidirectional calculation model is not safe.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.127-139
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• 2019

Residual drifts after an earthquake can incur huge repair costs and might need to replace the infrastructure because of its non-reparability. Proper functioning of bridges is also essential in the aftermath of an earthquake. In order to mitigate pounding and unseating damage of bridges subjected to earthquakes, a self-adaptive Ni-Ti shape memory alloy (SMA)-cable-based frictional sliding bearing (SMAFSB) is proposed considering self-adaptive centering, high energy dissipation, better fatigue, and corrosion resistance from SMA-cable component. The developed novel bearing is associated with the properties of modularity, replaceability, and earthquake isolation capacity, which could reduce the repair time and increase the resilience of highway bridges. To evaluate the super-elasticity of the SMA-cable, pseudo-static tests and numerical simulation on the SMA-cable specimens with a diameter of 7 mm are conducted and one dimensional (1D) constitutive hysteretic model of the SMAFSB is developed considering the effects of gap, self-centering, and high energy dissipation. Two types of the SMAFSB (i.e., movable and fixed SMAFSBs) are applied to a two-span continuous reinforced concrete (RC) bridge. The seismic vulnerabilities of the RC bridge, utilizing movable SMAFSB with the constant gap size of 60 mm and the fixed SMAFSBs with different gap sizes (e.g., 0, 30, and 60 mm), are assessed at component and system levels, respectively. It can be observed that the fixed SMAFSB with a gap of 30 mm gained the most retrofitting effect among the three cases.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.84-96
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• 2023

네트워크 슬라이싱 (network slicing)은 네트워크 인프라를 여러 개로 분할하는 기술을 의미한다. 네트워크 슬라이싱은 네트워크 분할에 들어가는 물리적 자원을 최소화하면서, 유연한 네트워크 구성을 가능하게 한다. 이러한 이유로 최근 네트워크 슬라이싱 기술은 대규모 네트워크 환경의 효율적인 관리를 위해 5G 환경에 적합한 형태로 개발 및 도입되었다. 하지만, 5G 환경에서의 네트워크 슬라이싱 연구에 대한 체계적인 분석이 이루어지고 있지 않아 해당 기술에 대한 체계적인 분석이 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 논문에서는, 5G 네트워크 환경에서의 네트워크 슬라이싱 기술에 대한 비교 분석을 수행함으로써 해당 기술에 대한 통찰을 제공한다. 본 연구의 비교 분석에서는 체계적인 절차를 통해 5G 환경에서의 네트워크 슬라이싱에 대한 13개의 문헌을 식별하고 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 5G 네트워크를 대상으로 자주 사용되는 3가지 네트워크 슬라이싱 기술인 RAN(radio access network) 슬라이싱, CN(core network) 슬라이싱, E2E(end-to-end) 슬라이딩은 확인하였으며, 이러한 기술은 주로 네트워크 서비스 품질 향상과 네트워크 격리를 달성하기 위해 연구되고 있음을 확인했다. 본 비교 분석 연구 결과는 앞으로의 네트워크 슬라이싱 연구 방향과 활용방안으로서 6G 기술 연구에도 기여할 수 있을 것이라고 판단한다.