• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.576-583
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the daily steps, physical activities and activity coefficient of policemen (average age: 31.5 ${\pm}$ 5.1 years) who do shift work. Body weight, height and daily steps were measured and one-day activity diary was collected by interviewing with policemen. Average height, body weight, BMI, body fat (%) and muscles (%) of subjects were 173.1 ${\pm}$ 5.2 cm, 73.7 ${\pm}$ 9.7 kg, 24,6 $kg/m^{2}$, 15.5 ${\pm}$ 1.9% and 37.3 ${\pm}$ 5.8%, respectively. The average daily numbers of steps were found to be 9,812 steps/day on day shift duty and 10,888 steps/day on night shift duty and 6,551 steps/day on holiday duty. Hourly step rates on day shift, night shift and holiday came to 1946 steps/hr, 2,130 steps/hr and 1,318 steps/hr, respectively. Activity coefficient (1.75) in night shift of the subjects was the highest and activity coefficient (1.52) in day shift was significantly higher than that (1.31) in holiday (p < 0.05). The rate of expending time for very light activity in holiday (91.5%) was significantly higher than that (70.0%) in night shift. The muscle mass (kg, %) had significantly positive relationship with daily steps in day shift (r = 0.592, r = 0.632) and night shift (r = 0.550, r = 0.503). Triceps skinfold thickness was negatively correlated with daily steps in day shift (r = -0.366, p < 0.05). There were remarkable differences in physical activities and sleeping hours depending on shift works of policemen. In the case of night shift work, sleeping hours was the lowest and activity coefficient was the highest among day shift, night shift and holiday. These results suggest that energy requirements of policemen should be differentiated according to shift work duty.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.119-132
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in time use between Korean and American high school students. The data sources were the '2009 Time Use Survey' conducted by Korea National Statistical Office and the '2009 ATUS (American Time Use Survey)' conducted by Labor Statistics Division in the U.S.. 1,734 Korean diaries (1,311 on weekdays and 423 on Sundays) and 321 American diaries (208 on weekdays and 113 on Sundays) from high school students of 15 to 18 years of age were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and t-test were used for the statistical analysis. The time use patterns of Korean students on weekdays and Sundays were different than those of their American counterparts. On weekdays and Sundays, the sleeping time of Korean students was 2 hours less than the time of their American counterparts. Koreans studied more, nearly double the time of their American counterparts on weekdays and five times more on Sundays. The study-oriented time allocation of Korean students resulted in less leisure time than the American students. Korean students spent their leisure time of more than 30 minutes participating in social activities, media, and hobbies, and their time allocation to volunteer work and religious activities were nil. On Sundays, the time for studying by Korean students was more than five times longer than that spending by their American counterparts. Koreans used their leisure time of 6 hours and 47 minutes mainly for media, hobbies and social activities. The participation rate of volunteering by Korean students was only 0.5%, though it was 31.0% for the Americans. For a study-life balance for Korean students, it was recommended that trends toward time management and social policy should increase the time allocation to sleeping, housework, work, sports, and volunteering and decrease the time use in studying and hobbies.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.3 s.47
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• pp.465-473
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• 1994

This study was carried out to evaluate the relations between sociodemographic, work-related factors and health related behaviors in a group of 1,042 workers in Taejeon and Chungnam area. The results were as followings: The older workers took more irregularly meals, more cigarette and more alcohol than the younger. Men had more appropriate sleeping time, more regular exercise than women, but more frequent alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. The married had more regular sleeping habit than the unmarried. The group of married were smoking more and obese. In view of monthly income which represent the socioeconomic state of workers, the group of more than 1 million won had more frequent alcohol ingestion, more heavier body weight than another group of less than 1 million won. Workers having their work hours exceed 9 hours had inappropriate sleep duration, and shift workers took more irregularly meals. The group having poor self-rated health status showed more regular diet, exercise and overweight. Workers recently experienced chronic illness were more overweight and lesser smokers. Above results showed that the health related behaviors were related to the sociodemographic characteristics and occupation-related characteristics. The study for relationship between variant factors affecting health behavior and disease or mortality is need and it should be emphasized that the publicity and education of health related behavior for industrial workers is necessary.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.98-105
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• 2022

Objectives: Low back pain (LBP) is a common chronic condition among sedentary workers that causes long-term productivity loss. This study aimed to identify the relationships of individual and occupational factors with LBP among Bangladeshi online professionals. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 468 full-time online professionals who usually worked in a sitting position. One-month LBP complaints were assessed using a musculoskeletal subscale of subjective health complaints. The chi-square test was used to measure associations between categorical predictors and LBP, and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify the variables significantly associated with LBP. Results: LBP within the last month was reported by 65.6% of participants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that age >30 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23 to 0.70) and being married (aOR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.97) had significant negative associations with LBP. Significant positive associations were found for spending >50 hours weekly on average working in a sitting position (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.49), being overweight and obese (aOR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.99), sleeping on a soft mattress (aOR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.06 to 3.80), and ex-smoking status (aOR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.41 to 7.87). Conclusions: A high prevalence of LBP was found among full-time online professionals. Long working hours in a sitting position showed a significant association with developing LBP. Smoking history, body mass index, and sleeping arrangements should also be considered while considering solutions for LBP prevalence among online professionals.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.183-195
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Ondol on the bedclimate, microclimate and physiological responses of occupants. Four healthy female subjects slept for seven hours in thermal environment of detached house and apartment respectively. Their bedclimate, microclimate, skin temperature, weight loss of body, weight of bedcloth and sleepwear, body movement and subjective sensation were measureed for this study. The results were as follows; The differences of bedclimate, microclimate, skin temperature were significant according to season and residence styles. The occupants of the detached house showed higher temperature and humidity inside quilt and clothes than those of the apartment did on apartment environment. The occupants of the detached house showed higher weight losses of body, heavier weights of quilt than those of the apartment did on apartment environment in the spring, autumn and winter, lower weight losses of mattress in the autumn and winter. The occupants of the detached house moved more than those of the apartment on apartment environment when sleeping. The occupants of the detached house felt higher thermal sensation and lower humidity sensation than those of the apartment did. The occupants of the detached house felt more comfortable than those of the apartment on detached house environment, while the occupants of the apartment felt more comfortable than those of the detached house on apartment environment. The thermal environments of the apartment and the detached house had an effect on the bedclimates, microclimates of occupants and therefore the physiological responses such as skin temperature, rectal temperature, weight loss of body, perspiration and subjective sensation are different during sleeping according to their residential styles on the same environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.3 s.43
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• pp.285-298
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• 1992

In this study, bedclimate was investigated depending on various bedquilts used oin ondol in summer. The environmental room condition was maintained at 26: $1^{\circ}C,\;75{\pm}3\%$ R.H., while the ondol surface was kept at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ without heating. The types of bedquilts were hemp, cotton, quilt made of polyester padding with polyester/cotton cover. Two healthy young women were subjected for seven hours' sleep with two replications for this study. The results are as follows. 1) The range of the temperature under the mattress ($25.2\~32.4^{\circ}C$) was lower than that of the temperature on the mattress ($28.8\~35.5^{\circ}C$), or that of the temperature inside the bedquilts ($30.3\~34.4^{\circ}C$). The humidity inside the bedquilts increased during sleeping, and the range of R.H. was $58\~80\%$. 2) The ranges of bedclimate which subjects feel comfortable were $30.5\~33.8^{\circ}C$ on the mattress, $31.0\~34.9^{\circ}C$, $61\~74\%$ R.H. inside the bedquilts. At this range, the mean skin temper-ature of the subjects was $34.3^{\circ}C\~35.2^{\circ}C$. 3) When there was no heating, the weight of the bedding increased during sleeping, and the weight increase was largest in the case of mattress. 4) There were correlations among the skin temperature of three points of the body (abdomen, thigh, foot) and the temperature and R.H. inside the bedquilt. 5) The effect of the type of bedquilts on the microclimate and physiolosical responses were significant. 6) Generally, when there was no heating, the body heat was transferred to the ondol floor, in summer, heat was transferred mostly through the mattress.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.485-493
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• 2014

Objectives : The study investigated and analyzed the relationship between health-related lifestyle and psychosomatic self-reported symptom in dental hygiene students. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 478 dental hygiene students in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do from March 7 to June 21, 2012 by random sampling method after informed consent. Results : The health-related lifestyle showed the results as follows. Nonsmokers accounted for 89.1%. Those who never exercise accounted for 67.9% and 37.9% of the students sleep for 5-6 hours. Those who take alcohols twice per month accounted for 58.2%. The correlation between the symptoms and lifestyle included multiple subjective symptoms(I), respiratory(A), eyes and skin(B) and digestive organs(C) symptoms and smoking status(p<.01), mouth and anal(D), depression(K), nervousness(E). There existed the correlation in average sleeping time(p<.01) and impulsivess(H) and smoking status(p<.05) and lie scale(L) and regular exercise(p<.05) and aggressiveness(F) and drinking habits and irregular and life(G) and breakfast habits. The smoking habit, sleeping time, and snack intake had an influence on psychosomatic self-reported oral health-related symptoms. Conclusions : Cessation of smoking, adequate sleeping time, and reduction of snack intake can improve the oral health-related lifestyle and reduce the self-reported symptoms in the dental hygiene students.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2014

Background: This study examined the relationships between stress responses and lifestyle, including sleeping and eating behaviors, in Japanese workers according to sex. Methods: Questionnaires about stress responses and lifestyle were completed by 3,017 workers in a financial enterprise (41.5% men, 58.5% women). Data were collected in Japan in August 2011. Participants were classified into stress and nonstress groups. Relationships between stress responses and lifestyle were investigated using logistic regression analysis with stress response as a dependent variable. Results: There were 254 (8.4%) participants in the stress group and 2,763 (91.6%) in the nonstress group. The results showed that sleeping for shorter periods [odds ratio (OR) = 2.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58-5.60] was associated with stress responses in women, whereas we found no relationship between stress responses and lifestyle among men. However, working overtime was associated with stress responses in men (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.43-5.15). Eating at night was associated with stress responses in the univariate analysis (men: OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.16-3.80; women: OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.09-2.39). Conclusion: This study showed that stress responses were related to lifestyle among women but not among men. Among women, stress responses were related to sleeping for shorter periods, whereas they were related to working long hours among men. In addition, stress responses were related to eating at night in the univariate analysis, although this relationship was not seen in the multivariate analysis, in either sex.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.67-73
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• 2011

Objectives: To examine the overview of fatigue-related health conditions in the Korean general population. Methods: Data were collected from 2,203 adults (1,126 men and 1,077 women) via a self-reporting questionnaire and their sleeping, exercise, stress, physical problems, use of functional food, and fatigue status were analyzed. Results: The average sleeping hours was about $6.6{\pm}2.0$ hrs per day, and 24.3% of subjects didn't exercise (over 30 min) in a week. Around 16.5% of subjects were under severe stress, and 46.1% (36.9% male vs. 55.6% female) had had trouble with at least one form of physical distress including dyspepsia, headache or muscular pain. 45.4% (37.2% male vs. 53.9% female) of subjects used functional supplements. 46.3% (42.8% male vs. 50.0% female) of subjects complained of chronic fatigue, and they were significantly different compared with no-fatigue subjects regarding severe stress status (8.6% vs. 24.0%), frequency of physical distress (33.2% vs. 69.9%), and use of functional supplements (41.6% vs. 49.8%). Conclusion: This result first reports the features of fatigue-related health conditions including prevalence of chronic fatigue in the Korean population. This data could be helpful to develop fatigue-focused traditional Korean medicine in the future.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1925_1926
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• 2009

This paper describes a novel power management circuitry for reducing the sleeping mode power dissipation. Based on the proposed power management circuitry, the sensor module can be activated by RF wake-up signal, perform designated process and deactivate itself. There is absolutely no power dissipation at the sleeping mode which takes almost time of the operation. The temperature sensor module using solar cell as energy source has been fabricated and tested. Experimental results show that the sensor module with 3300 ${\mu}$F for storage capacitor can transmits RF temperature data to a receiver at a distance of 20 m every 15 second in a normal indoor light condition and keep the capacitor voltage over 9 V. And the sensor module can operate 100 times with a single charging, that means it is possible for the sensor module to transmit every 5 minute for 8 hours without light or any other power input during the night time.