• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.151-157
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• 1984

Skyrin was extracted from Penicillium islandicum cultivated on synthetic Czapek-Dox medium. A preliminary experiment in Penicillium islandium using $[^{14}C]$-acetate proved the incorporation of $[^{14}C]$ into skyrin. In the cell-free system using the fungus $[^3H]$-emodin and $[^3H]$-emodinanthrone were shown to give some reliable evidences far the biosynthesis of skyrin. The incorporation of $[^3H]$-emodin was less significant than that of $[^{3}H]$-emodinanthrone. As a result of the cell-free experiment, the biosynthetic pathway of skyrin by the fungus was suggested as follows: $emodinanthrone{\rightarrow}emodin{\rightarrow}skyrin$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.169-173
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• 1990

The anthraquionone mycotoxin, skyrin, is produced by Penicillium islandicum. DF-100 which was extracted from grapfruit seed extract and is a natural organic complex inhibited the biosynthesis of skyrin by Penicillium islandicum. This study was carried out to determine the potential of DF-100 to support Penicillium islandicum and skyrin production. DF-100 inhibited the growth of the fungus at 750ppm or less and caused complete inhibition of skyrin production at 500ppm or less. DF-100 appears to block the incorporation of emodinathrone into skyrin and an enzymatic step in the skyrin biosynthetic pathway which lies before skyrinanthrone.