• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2007

This study investigated: 1) what weight-related behaviors college students practiced; 2) if the behaviors were performed for weight-related reasons; and 3) whether the behavioral practices differed by gender, race, and body weight status. This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire to collect information from a non-probability sample of undergraduate students (n=379; 48% men) recruited from large introductory psychology classes. Chi-square tests were conducted to examine simple comparisons, and multiple logistic regression analyses assessed differences. Male students reported adopting significantly fewer weight-related behaviors than females. Most frequently males increased exercise (69.2%), increased fruit and vegetable consumption (50%), skipped meals (46%), cut out sweets and junk foods (40%), and cut out between-meal snacks (35%). Female students most frequently increased exercise (67.4%), skipped meals (63%), increased fruit and vegetable consumption (62%), reduced the amount of food eaten (60%), and cut out between-meal snacks (51%). Negative behaviors were engaged in by only a few participants. Weight-related reasons were a significant factor for weight-related behavior adoption. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that gender was consistently and significantly associated with the adoption of weight-related behaviors, while race and weight status were less consistently associated. Findings of this study will be helpful to dietitians who counsel college students. Results of this study may support effects to bring more comprehensive behaviorally-focused health md nutrition interventions to college campuses.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2020

Objectives: The frequency of eating out among adolescents seems to be connected to a high rate of skipping breakfast and be interrelated to various nutritional problems. The purpose of this study was to assess the dietary habits of breakfast and eating out and investigate their relationships in male adolescents. Methods: This study conducted a cross-sectional survey. Dietary habits and eating out status were surveyed among 510 male students at a high school in Incheon and compared according to their breakfast skipping and breakfast type. Results: The percentages of subjects in the breakfast skipping group and breakfast group were 41.0% and 59.0%, respectively, and the breakfast group comprised a Korean meal group (74%) and a convenience meal group (26%). In the breakfast skipping group, the percentage of subjects buying and eating snacks due to hunger was 39.7%. Reasons for eating breakfast among subjects who ate breakfast were because parents prepared breakfast (41.9%) and out of habit (31.5%) in the Korean meal group, in contrast to because parents prepared breakfast (36.7%) and due to hunger (29.1%) in the convenience meal group (P < 0.001). Breakfast preparer was mother (91.4%) in the Korean meal group, in contrast to mother (67.1%) and self (20.3%) in the convenience meal group (P < 0.001). A high proportion of the breakfast group woke up at 07~07:30 or 06:30-07, whereas a high proportion of the breakfast skipping group woke up at 07~07:30 or after 07:30, showing a significant difference according to breakfast skipping (P < 0.001). A high proportion of the breakfast group spent 10,000 won (32.5%) a week eating out while a high proportion of the breakfast skipping group spent 20,000 won or more (28.2%), showing a significant difference (P < 0.01). Conclusions: About 40% of male high school students skipped breakfast and consumed snacks as a solution after breakfast skipping. The students who skipped breakfast spent more money on eating out. These results show that breakfast status may be related to eating out. Therefore, practical education on food choice and meal preparation along with regular breakfast instruction is needed in male adolescents.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge on nutrition, meal management and dietary intake of self-boarding highschool students. Total of 354 self-boarding students living in Ku-mi and Kim-chon, 182 males and 172 females, who cooks foods for oneself participated in this study. The data were collected through questionnaires and the results were summarized as follows： 1. Most subjects had adapted the lifestyle of self-boarding from the 1st grade of highschool, and half of them lived alone. About two-thirds of subjects visited their home once a week or more, and most of their boarding rooms were located at near the highschool they attended. 2. Their nutrition knowledge score was rather high with average 13.95 point out of possible 20. Female students got more points than male students. 3. In meal management, foods purchasing and sanitary control were managed quite well but meal planning and cooking were not managed well enough. In general, meal management score of female students were higher than those of male students. 4. About the dietary intake, female students took more various foods than male students as judged by foods intake frequency score. Two-thirds of subjects often skipped meals and only half of them always took boxed lunch. Also they depended too much upon processed and instant foods. 5. Meal management score showed significantly positive correlations with nutrition knowledge score and with foods intake frequency score. But the correlation between nutrition knowledge score and foods intake frequency score was not significant.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.169-185
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of meal patterns among Koreans of different age groups. The study subjects consisted of preschool children (PC), elementary school children (EC), high school students (HS), college students (CS), and adults over 30 years old living in Seoul and the surrounding areas. A dietary survey was conducted using 24-hour recall method from 1996-1998 and data were collected from 2392 subjects. The subjects over 30 years old were classified as 30∼49 years, 50∼69 years, and over 70 years. EC, HS, and CS groups consumed less than 20％ of their total energy intake from breakfast. PC and EC consumed over 30％ of their energy from snacks. In all age groups, the proportion of subjects who skipped a meal was highest for breakfast and lowest for dinner. Especially, 31.4％ of the CS group skipped breakfast. Breakfast and snacks provided higher quality meals than the others when each meal was assessed by the index of nutritional quality (INQ). Especially, lunch of the HS group, each meal of the EC group and subjects over 70 years of age had a lower diet quality than the others did. The major snack items for PC, EC, HS, and CS groups were milk, ice cream, and snack cakes, but those for subjects over 30 years of age were fruits. The PC group obtained 35.5％ of their energy from snacks, but the proportion of snack energy decreased with increasing age. PC and EC groups obtained a great proportion of calcium, vitamin B2, fat, and cholesterol intake from snacks. Snack foods provided 53.2％, 42.4％, 45.4％, and 24.6％ of those nutrients, respectively, for the PC group and 54.2％, 43.5％, 37.4％, and 26.8％, respectively, for the EC group. These results suggested that each age group had specific meal patterns. Especially, breakfast and snack intake seemed to complement overall diet quality. However, more intervention is needed to improve overall dietary nutrition, e.g., efforts to decrease fat and cholesterol proportion and increase breakfast consumption. These dietary characteristics among different age groups present foundation data for the development of methods to resolve the nutritional problems of each age group.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.911-922
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• 2016

This study was conducted to assess the recognition and consumption of meal alone and processed food according to major of college students in Seoul Metropolitan area and Chungcheong province, Republic of Korea. To accomplish this, a survey was conducted to investigate 353 college students (171 food & nutrition majors and 182 non-majors) regarding their general characteristics, dietary behaviors, meal alone issues, and the purchase and consumption of processed food. Most major and non-major students skipped breakfast. The main reason for skipping was not having time. Majors and non-majors put great importance on their lunch and evening meal, respectively. Nutrition information routes for majors were 'college class' (62.5%) and 'TV radio' (17.5%). However, the routes for non-majors to obtain nutrition information were 'internet smart phones' (41.1%) and 'TV radio' (28.3%). These results suggest the need to provide correct information concerning nutrition to college students. Most major and non-major students tend to have 0 to 2 times of meal alone per week. The main reason for meal alone was schedule unsuitable for eating with family or friends. The most critical factors for majors and non-majors when they chose menu to have meal alone were personal taste and money, respectively. The primary consideration for choosing processed food was price and the main purchase route was convenience store. The main reason for consuming processed food was easy-to-cook. Of processed foods, the most favored ones were noodles and fish products. Meal alone frequency was positively correlated with age (p<0.05), grade (p<0.05) and monthly allowance (p<0.05). Preference and consumption frequency of processed food were negatively correlated with concern about nutrition (p<0.05) and meal frequency (p<0.05), respectively. Based on these results, greater efforts should be made to provide meaningful information regarding programs for nutrition education to improve their dietary habits. Research and development of processed food specifically for college students eating alone should be increased.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.779-788
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data on the importance of eating breakfast by analyzing the dietary habits, dietary attitude, dietary behavior, and nutrition knowledge between of male high school students according to breakfast eating status. The subjects consisted of 400 male high school students living in Chungnam. There was no significant difference according to grade, height, and weight between students who skipped breakfast and those who ate breakfast. Further, satisfaction and perception about body weight were not statistically different between the two groups. Regarding relationships with friends, to the response 'I have a lot of relationships with friends' was 25.5% in the skipping breakfast group and 45.7% in the eating breakfast group. The academic records of the students who ate breakfast were much higher. Meal regularity, meal satisfaction, and dietary attitude of the eating breakfast group were better than those of the skipping breakfast group. Regarding the level of nutritional knowledge, students who skipped breakfast scored $7.6{\pm}2.9$ points while the students who ate breakfast scores $7.9{\pm}3.1$ points, indicating no significant difference. The students who ate breakfast had better friendships, higher academic achievement, and better dietary behavior and attitude. Therefore, it is necessary to increase nutrition education and reduce the skipping of breakfast through a variety of methods, such as school food service and simple recipes for Korean food. It should also be considered that nutrition education for parents be widely provided.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2006

A survey was conducted to investigate the preferences of wedding reception food, food consumption and its nutrient density, and the factors that influence nutrient density, in order to obtain baseline data for the development of an educational program on dining out. Subjects included 105 male and female adults who attended a wedding ceremony and consumed wedding reception food in the Chungbuk area between August and September 2004 and interviewed using a questionnaire. 63.0% of the subjects responded that they over-ate at the reception. 20.5% reported that they skipped the meal before the reception. The respondents who skipped the meal had more calorie intakes (899kcal) than those who did not (800kcal). In food preferences, noodles (51.0%), watermelon (47.0%), rice cake (39.0%), sweet and sour pork (38.0%), potato noodles stir-fried with vegetables (37.0%), beef rib soup with cooked rice (37.0%), bulgogi (35.0%), braised beef ribs (35.0%), fried shrimp (32.0%) were higher percentages in order. People preferred grain, meat and fatty food to vegetables. Total calorie intake from the reception foods were 881 kcal for males, and 769kcal for females. In evaluation of nutrient density, the density of calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C and dietary fiber did not meet the standard of the recommended intake. Especially, vitamin C and dietary fiber were less than 50% of the recommended level. The main factors that influence the nutrient density were household incomes, occupations, marital status, and total fat consumed. In conclusion, an educational program should be developed and offered to improve their dietary quality.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the dietary behaviors and nutrient intake of high school girls in Iksan and Seoul cities. The subjects consisted of 122 students in Iksan city, and 136 students in Seoul city. The proportion of subjects who eat meals irregularly was higher in Iksan ($94.8\%$) than in Seoul ($80.9\%$). The proportion of subjects who skip meals was also higher in Iksan ($61.5\%$) than in Seoul ($56.6\%$), and most of them ($69.7\%$) skipped breakfast, even thought they thought that it was the most important meal ($86.4\%$). The subjects tended to overeat at lunch ($41.9\%$) and dinner ($55.4\%$). The main reasons that the subjects skipped a meal were a lack of time (50.7%) and poor appetites ($23.7\%$). Most of the subjects ($57.4\%$) had tried to control their body weight by taking drugs ($40.5\%$), doing exercise ($34.5\%$), and controlling their diet ($25\%$). The average intake of nutrients and energy was significantly higher (P<0.05, p<0.01) in Iksan than in Seoul. The intake was below the RDA recommendations except for phosphorus in I ksan, but was above it except for calcium, iron, and vitamin B2, in Seoul. The indexes of nutritional quality (INQ) of calcium (0.5), iron (0.6), vitamin A (0.8), vitamin B2 (0.7), niacin (0.9), and vitamin C (0.9) were under 1.0 but those of protein (1.0), phosphorus (1.2) and thiamin (1.0) were over 1.0. The INQ of the other nutrients, except protein and vitamin C, was significantly higher in Seoul than in Iksan.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1172-1179
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine eating behaviors and nutrient intakes of 256 third grade primary school children(134:boys, 122:girls) in Kwangju. There were no significant differences in the heights, weights, physical circumferences measurements between the boys and girls, but the skinfold thickness measurements were significantly different. Most nutrient intakes were higher than the Rec ommended Dietary Allowances but the intake of energy, calcium, and vitamin E were lower than the RDA. The intakes of calcium, niacin, and vitamin E of the girls were significantly lower than those of the boys. With regard to meal volume, 13.6% of the subjects has been 'much'. With regard to meal speed, 24.6% of the subjects has been 'fast'. The study also found that 50% of the subjects skipped breakfast, 67.6% of the subjects had irregular meal times, 64.6% of the subjects ate snacks after dinner and 85.9% of the subjects ate snacks. These results show that the nutrient intake of children was related to snack eating more than regular meals. With regard to dietary behavior and nutrient intakes, meal volume, meal speed, skipping breakfast, eating snacks and eating snacks after dinner were major influences. But regularity of meal time was not influence on nutrient intakes. These results suggest that children's eating behaviors are in needs of correction. This reasserts the importance of nutrition education to children through teachers, parents and dietitians. The findings of this study should be applied to nutrition education to ensure better physical fitness of children.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.598-605
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• 2009

This study was investigated to examine the dietary habits and satisfaction with a school lunch program for high school boys and girls. The survey was conducted on 416 students(208 boys and 208 girls) using questionnaire. Overall, 40.1% of the respondents reported that they skip breakfast, and more girls skipped breakfast than boys(p<0.05). The major reason for skipping meal was 'no enough time'(48.3%) and duration of meal appeared the highest ratio in '10~15 minutes'(51.7%) and boys having meal with 10 minutes were significantly higher than girls(p<0.001). When asked if they have an unbalanced diet, 58.8% responded "little bit do it but it depends on food". Vegetables were the foods most absent from an unbalanced diet. Additionally, 90% of all respondents takes a snack a day, and 21.5% of the respondents reported that snacks were the most preferable meals. In terms of a satisfaction with school meals, 70.6% of the respondents reported that they were "unsatisfied". Additionally, 43.5% of the students reported that they did not finish their soup. Moreover, 57.5% of the students reported that they were dissatisfied because that food was "not tasty". Based on the results of this study, the meal habits of the students were determined by various factors including gender. To ensure that boys and girls receive the proper nutrition, development of proper eating habits through school meals, nutrition education and a guidance during meal service should be achieved.