• 성인간호학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.678-690
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to identify skin health status and the factors influencing skin hydration in the institutionalized elderly. Methods: The subjects were 139 elders living in 2 nursing homes in Seoul. Data for skin health status were collected by measurement of skin hydration, sebum, trans-epidermal water loss and pH using Corneometer, Sebumeter, Tewameter and Skin pH-meter on face, flank, arm and leg. Baseline data were collected by a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: Skin hydration and pH were relatively low especially on arms and legs but sebum and TEWL were not low, relatively. There were significant differences in skin health status according to gender, smoking, alcohol intake, and bath cleanser. There was significant positive correlation between skin-hydration and bath-time, TEWL and bath-frequency. Smoking, bath-cleanser, bath-time. pH and gender were identified as the significant influencing factors of skin hydration. Conclusion: Smoking, bath-time and pH need to be considered as important control factors for increasing skin health status in the institutionalized elderly.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.156-166
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study is to confirm the regulate effect of T helper (Th) 2 differentiation that Baekho-tang extract may produce to improves skin lipid barrier damages. Methods Four-weeks-old NC/Nga mice were divided into four groups: control group (Ctrl, n=10), lipid barrier eliminated group (LBE, n=10), Dexamethasone treatment after lipid barrier elimination group (DxT, n=10), and Baekho-tang extract treatment group after lipid barrier elimination group (BHTT, n=10). Baeko-tang extract was administered for 3 days after removal of the skin fat barrier in BHTT group. Then, we identified changes in external symptoms of the skin, factors affecting skin barrier such as potential of hydrogen (pH), filaggrin (FLG), transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and Th2 differentiation factors like Interleukin (IL)-4, Kallikrein Related Peptidase 7 (KLK7) and protease activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) through our immunohistochemistry. Results After lipid barrier elimination, the reduction of morphological skin inflammations was less in BHTT group than in LBE group and DxT group. Also, pH and TEWL were significantly decreased with BHTT group. However, FLG was significantly increased in BHTT group compared to LBE, DxT, and Ctrl group. All kinds of Th2 differentiation factors (IL-4, KLK7 and PAR-2) were also decreased in BHTT compared to the LBE and DxT. Conclusions As a result of this study, BHT administration decreased pH, TEWL, and increased FLG, thus participating in recovering damaged skin barrier. Since Th2 differentiation factors were decreased as well, BHT's regulatory effect in sequential immune reactions may be a possible explanation of how it enhances recovery of the damaged lipid barrier.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to confirm the regulate effect of T helper (Th) 2 differentiation that Sabaek-san extract may produce to improves skin lipid barrier damage. Methods Four-weeks-old NC/Nga mice were divided into four groups: control group (Ctrl, n=10), lipid barrier eliminated group (LBE, n=10), Dexamethasone treatment after lipid barrier elimination group (DXT, n=10), and Sabaek-san extract treatment group after lipid barrier elimination (SBT, n=10). Sabaek-san extract was administered for 3 d after removal of the skin fat barrier in SBT group. Then, we identified changes in external symptoms of the skin, factors affecting skin barrier such as potential of hydrogen (pH), filaggrin, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and Th2 differentiation factors like Interleukin (IL)-4, Kallikrein Related Peptidase 7 (KLK7), and protease activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) through our immunohistochemistry. Results After lipid barrier elimination, the reduction of morphological skin inflammations was less in SBT group than in LBE and DXT group. Also, pH and TEWL were significantly decreased with SBT group. However, filaggrin was significantly increased in SBT group compared to LBE, DXT, and Ctrl group. All kinds of Th2 differentiation factors (IL-4, KLK7 and PAR-2) were also decreased in SBT compared to the LBE and DXT. Conclusions As a result of this study, SBT administration decreased pH, TEWL, and increased filaggrin, thus participating in recovering damaged skin barrier. Since Th2 differentiation factors were decreased as well, SBT's regulatory effect in sequential immune reactions may be a possible explanation of how it enhances recovery of the damaged lipid barrier.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 자외선 조사와 함께 녹차 추출물 식이를 10주간 공급한 무모생쥐 (GTE군)의 표피 pH 관련 인자의 함량과 LDH 효소의 단백질 발현 및 활성 변화를 자외선 비조사군 (UV-군) 및 자외선 조사군 (UV+군)과 비교 분석하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. UV+군의 피부 pH는 UV-군보다 유의적으로 증가한 반면 GTE군의 피부 pH는 UV+군에 비해 감소하였으며 그 감소 정도는 UV-군과 유사하였다. UV+군의 젖산 함량은 UV-군에 비해 현저히 감소한 반면 GTE군의 젖산 함량은 UV+군에 비해 증가하였다. UV+군과 UV-군의 총 유리아미노산 함량은 군간 유사하였으나 GTE군의 총 유리아미노산 함량은 UV-군에 비해 현저히 증가하였다. UV+군 및 GTE군의 총 유리지방산 함량은 군간 차이 없이 모두 UV-군에 비해 감소하였으며, GTE군에서 주요 유리지방산인 PA, OA 및 LA의 개별 함량은 모두 UV-군과 유사하거나 감소하였다. UV+군의 LDH 단백질 발현 및 활성은 UV-군에 비해 유의적으로 감소한 반면, GTE군의 LDH 단백질 발현 및 활성은 모두 UV+군보다 증가하였으며 특히 LDH 활성의 증가 정도는 UV-군과 유사하였다. 결론적으로 자외선 조사와 병행된 녹차 추출물 식이 공급은 LDH 발현 및 활성 증가와 함께 젖산 과 총 유리아미노산 함량을 증가시켰으며 궁극적으로 자외선 조사에 의해 증가된 피부 pH를 정상화시켰다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.297-307
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• 2017

피부 특성은 다양한 내부 또는 외부 요인의 영향을 받는다. 이 연구는 아시아 여성들의 피부 특성을 조사 및 비교하기 위해 수행되었다. 우리는 7개국(말레이시아, 인도네시아, 베트남, 태국, 인도, 중국 및 한국)에서 1,500명의 아시아인의 피부 물리적 변수 및 지역 간 차이를 평가하였다. 경피 수분 손실, pH, 피부 수분, 피지함량, 피부 민감도, 탄력, 눈가 주름 및 피부 밝기의 값을 측정하였다. 인도 여성들은 다른 국가들의 여성들보다 피부 수분량, 피지량 및 민감도 점수가 낮게 나타났고, 더 어두운 피부색을 갖는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 모든 부위의 피부 표면 pH는 7개국 중 가장 높게 나타났다. 베트남인은 가장 낮은 수치의 피부 표면 pH 값을 보였다. 한국인과 중국인은 일반적으로 탄력성이 높고 적은 눈가 주름을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 피부 수분과 경피 수분손실량은 민감도와 양의 상관 관계가 있었으며, 주름과 민감도 간에는 음의 상관 관계가 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 해당 지역이나 지역과 관련된 명확한 추세는 없었다. 피부 물리적 매개 변수는 지역적 차이에 대한 이해와 함께 다양한 요인(피부 관리 습관, 라이프스타일 및 개인 민감도)에 대한 연구도 함께 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.747-758
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• 2017

Chronic wounds, pressure sores, lesions, and infections of microbial origin in bedridden, paralyzed, or malnutrition patients remain the object of study of many researchers. A variety of factors behind the development of these disorders are related to the patient's immune system, making it unable to respond effectively to the treatment of the wound. These factors can be properly controlled, giving particular importance to the ethiology and stage of the wound, as well as the time periods corresponding to the replacement of the dressings. The present research reports a novel foam/soft material, ${{\small}L}$-Cys-g-PCL, with an application for decubitus/pressure ulcers, especially for wounds with a difficult healing process due to infections and constant oxidation of the soft tissues. During this work, the interactions between S. aureus and ${{\small}L}$-Cys-g-PCL foam were studied under conditions that simulate decubitus ulcers; namely, pH and exudate. The effects of duration of grafting (1 or 8 h) and pH (7.0 and 8.9) on wettability, surface energy, swelling, and porosity were also evaluated. Results showed an effective microbicidal activity exhibiting an inhibition ratio of 99.73% against S. aureus. This new ${{\small}L}$-Cys-g-PCL soft material showed saftey to contact skin, ability to be shaped to fill in sunken holes (craters) - pressure ulcers stage III - and to act as a smart material responsive to pH, which can be tailored to develop better swelling properties at alkaline pH where exudates are normally higher, so as to address exudate self-cleaning and prevention of desiccation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.446-453
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• 1995

The improtant components of extracellular matrix(ECM) are collagen and chondroitin sulfate. The hydrophobic surface of collagen is one of the determining factors of diameter of collagen fiber and also is closely related to the aging phenomena. The controlling mechanism of the diameter of collagen fiber influenced by the interaction with chondroitin sulfate was evaluated using bis-ANS as a hydrophobic probe. Hydrophobic surface area of collagen molecule shielded by chondroitin sulfate was evaluated. Relative fluorescence intensity of collagen in thepresence of chondroitin sulfate was measured using bis-ANS as a hydrophobic probe. The fluorescence intensity decreased with the increase in chondroitin sulfate up to 3.8 chondroitin sulfate/collagen(mole/mole). Further increase in the ratio of chondroitin sulfate to collagen did not change the fluorescence intensity. Similar changes in the relative fluorescence intensity were observed for both rat tail and lathyrific rat skin collagen. The fluorescence intensity indicated by the binding between bis-ANS and hydrophobic sites of collagen was pH dependent, and the shielding effect of collagen-chondroitin sulfate interaction could not be detected at pH above 6.0. This is probably due to the charge repulsions caused by negative charged collagen molecules at higher pH.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.347-352
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• 2017

Background: Panax ginseng (PG) has a long history of use in Asian medicine because of its multiple pharmacological activities. It has been considered that PG in a type of white ginseng may induce undesirable thermogenic effects, but not in a type of red ginseng. However, there is a lack of evidence about the correlation between ginsenoside and thermogenesis. Methods: We investigated the effects of PG with different ginsenoside compositions on body temperature, blood pressure, and thermogenesis-related factors in rats. Results: With increasing steaming time (0 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 9 h), the production of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides increased, whereas protopanaxatriol ginsenosides decreased in white ginseng. In both short- and long-term studies, administration of four ginseng extracts prepared at different steaming times did not induce significant changes in body temperature (skin, tail, and rectum) and blood pressure of rats compared to saline control. In addition, there were no significant differences in the molecular markers related to thermogenesis (p > 0.05), mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-$1{\alpha}$ and uncoupling protein 1 in brown adipose tissue, as well as the serum levels of interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitrite among the treatment groups. Conclusion: These observations indicate that the potential undesirable effects of PG on body temperature could not be explained by the difference in ginsenoside composition.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2005

Objective: Stress is one of the most important etiological factors in our lives. Human body makes effort to keep his homeostasis from stress by using autonomic nerve system. So we need markers which can evaluate autonomic nerve system easily. HRV represents such markers. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nerve system are part of autonomic nerve system, related with cur body and diseases in ENT, Dermatology, Ophthalmology are also deeply related with stress, Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nerve system. So we can expect that it can help understanding patients to evaluate autonomic nerve system with HRV Research Methods and Procedures: Forty one patients who have seif-recognized stress in Dept. of Oph & Otolaryngo & Dermatology were selected. SDNN. RMSSD, LF, HF, norm-LF, norm-HF, LF/HF ratio, LnLF, LnHF were checked. Results: Men showed lower SDNN, HF, and LnHF than women(p<0.05). Age over-forty group showed significant lower SDNN, LF, HF, LnLF, LnH(p<0.01), and lower RMSSD(p<0.05) than age under-forty group. There's no big differences for age at norm-LF, norm-HF, and LF/HF ratio. Skin disease group showed higher SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, LnLF, LNHF than the others, facial palsy group showed higher norm-HF. LF/HF ratio, and mouth-throat group showed higher norm-LF, but there's no statically significant difference. Comparing skin disease group with the others, the others showed statically significant low SDNN(P<0.01), RMSSD, LF, HF, LnLF and LnHF(P<0.05).

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2002

The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on cerebral physiology during heart surgery remains incompletely understood. This study was carried out to investigate changes of cerebral metabolism and the association between the changes and clinical factors during heart surgery. Seventy adult patients (n=70) scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were participated in the present study. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (V$_{MCA}$), cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference (C(a-v)O$_2$), cerebral oxygen extraction (COE), and modified cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (MCMRO$_2$) were measured during six phases of the operation; Pre-CPB, CPB-10 min, Rewarm-1 (nasopharyngeal temperature 34$^{\circ}C$), Rewarm-2 (nasopharyngeal temperature 37$^{\circ}C$), CPB-off, and Post-OP (at skin closure after CPB-off). Each relationship of age, arterial blood gas parameters, or other variables to V$_{MCA}2$, C(a-v)O$_2$, COE, or MCMRO$_2$ was evaluated. V$_{MCA}$ increased (P<0.0001) whereas C(a-v)O$_2$ decreased (P<0.01) throughout the five phases of the operation compared to Pre-CPB value (control). COE diminished at CPB-10, Rewarm-1, and CPB-off (P<0.05) while MCMRO$_2$ reduced at CPB-10 and Rewarm-1 (P<0.05) compared to Pre-CPB value. Positive correlation was found between age and cerebral metabolic parameters (V$_{MCA}$, C(a-v)O$_2$, COE, or MCMRO$_2$) during CPB (range r=0.24 to 0.38, p<0.05). Four cerebral metabolic parameters had partially negative or positive correlation with arterial blood gas parameters and other variables (arterial blood pH, $O_2$ tension, $O_2$ content, $CO_2$ tension, blood pressure, blood flow, temperature, or hematocrit) during the operation. In conclusion, CPB led to marked alterations of cerebral metabolism and age, pH, and $CO_2$ tension profoundly influenced the changes during cardiac surgery.