• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2005

The purpose d this study was to examine situations of fashion jewelry brand industry and to find out the problems in Korean jewelry market. Based on literature review, this paper tried to define jewelry first, and to investigate recent the recent situations or status of fashion jewelry markets. The fashion jewelry brand markets were able to be classified into 2 categories such as off-line retailing and on-line retailing including internet shopping and home shopping. As the result, the most problem was the definition of the fashion jewelry. Also our fashion jewelry markets had some serious problems such as complex distribution structure or lack d technical experts. Based on these results, fashion jewelry marketing strategies would be suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.5 s.207
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• pp.221-234
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• 2005

This study investigated the emotional inferences depending on the children's age, character's personality traits, and emotional situations. One hundred three subjects (34 3-year-olds, 33 5-year-olds and 36 7-year-olds) were recruited from 3 daycare centers and 1 elementary school. Eight stories, consisting of four personality traits (positive-'active','helpful', negative-'selfish','mean') and two emotional situations (equivocal and unequivocal situation), were presented with three pictures each. The statistical methods adopted for the data analysis were repeated measure ANOVA, and paired t-test. The results showed that the 3-year-olds showed lower scores of emotional inferences than the 5- and 7-year-olds. However, there were no significant differences between the 5- and 7-year-olds. Children showed more personal inferential responses in the negative personality trait and equivocal situation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.533-538
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• 2008

In some situations, for example at very low doses, in microbeam irradiation experiments, or around high energy heavy ion tracks, use of the absorbed dose to describe the energy transferred to the irradiated target can be misleading. Since absorbed dose is the expected value of energy per mass it takes into account all of the targets which do not have any energy deposition. In many situations that results in numerical values, in Joules per kg, which are much less than the energy deposited in targets that have been crossed by a charged particle track. This can lead to confusion about the biochemical processes that lead to the consequences of irradiation. There are a few alternative approaches to describing radiation that avoid this potential confusion. Examples of specific situations that can lead to confusion are given. It is concluded that using the particle radiance spectrum and the exposure time, instead of absorbed dose, to describe these irradiations minimizes the potential for confusion about the actual nature of the energy deposition.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.143-158
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• 2000

This study examined whether children's peer representations are associated with peer acceptance and whether attributions and goals are related to representations about behavioral responses in ambiguous provocation and conflict situations. The subjects were 119 5th-grade children responded to 4 hypothetical situations. Results indicated that children's positive representations about peer conduct in ambiguous provocations were related to their higher level of peer acceptance, and positive representations about a friend in conflict situations were associated with their perceived positive qualities of friendship. Children's positive attribution and relational goal orientation were associated with relational behavioral responses. Gender differences were found for some goals and behavioral responses, with girls displaying a more relational goal and behavioral response orientation than boys.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.15-26
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• 2000

This study was to investigate cross-situational consistency in copings and copings according to an internal/external locus of control. The subjects were 489 the sixth grade children selected from seven elementary schools in Seoul. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and ANOVA Major findings were that (1) Correlations among corresponding copings across stress situations-such as parents, friend-alienation, friend-conflict, and loaming related stress situations- ranged from r=.27 to r=.67, reflecting cross-situational consistency in copings. (2) Generally, children with an internal locus of control used more active coping behaviors, but used less passive and aggressive coping behaviors than children with an external locus of control in stress situations.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2014

Dealing with uncertainty is always a challenging problem. Intuitionistic fuzzy sets was presented to manage situations in which experts have some membership and non-membership value to assess an alternative. Hesitant fuzzy sets was used to handle such situations in which experts hesitate between several possible membership values to assess an alternative. In this paper, the concept of intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy set is introduced to provide computational basis to manage the situations in which experts assess an alternative in possible membership values and non-membership values. Distance measure is defined between any two intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy elements. Fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution is developed for intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy set to solve multi-criteria decision making problem in group decision environment. An example is given to illustrate this technique.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.189-212
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• 2003

The quality of Internet services such as VOD and Web storage services deteriorates as the number of users increases beyond a certain point. However, most of the pricing mechanisms in research as well as those in practice do not reflect such situations (i.e., congestion). The purpose of this paper is to show that different types of pricing mechanisms are required and to model such situations using game theory. We extend Fishburn & Odlyzko(1999) model, in which the service quality is the same for the different pricing schemes, to reflect the situations where the service quality is different between the different pricing schemes due to congestion.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.17-36
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• 2002

This article begins by exploring recent developments in the use of the world wide webs in language testing about what a Web-based language test (WBT) is and how they are used in language testing. After a brief review of computer-based testing, WBTs are defined and categorized as low-tech or high tech. Since low-tech tests are the more feasible, they will constitute the focus of this paper. Next, item types for low-tech WBTs are described, and validation concerns that are specific to WBTs are discussed. After a brief overview of the combination of computer-adaptive and Web-based tests, the general advantages as well as design and implementation issues of WBTs are considered before examining the role that testing consequences play in deciding whether a WBT is an appropriate assessment instrument. It is argued that WBTs are most appropriate in low-stakes testing situations; but with proper supervision, they can also be used in medium-stakes situations although they are not generally recommended for high-stakes situations. Some possible ideas for future research are suggested.(169)

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.42
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• pp.314-339
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• 2000

To identify adolescents' moral reasoning and attribution about peer violence, vignette study was conducted. 178 subjects selected from 4 inner city schools were asked to evaluate provoked violent situations. 4 situations depicting the provocation/retribution condition and 3 short vignettes depicting peer violence were presented, and adolescents were asked to judge the violent behavior and the morality of story characters. Analyses revealed that many adolescents focused more on the immorality of the provocation and perceived "hitting back" as a form of reciprocal justice. And a number of adolescents attributed the responsibility to the both of prosecutors and victims with situations which have obscure informations to judge the violent behaviors. In addition, adolescents having more violent characteristics were more likely to attribute the responsibility of violence to the victims than non-violent adolescents. Several suggestions based on these results are as follows: First, school or class-based conflict resolution program should be implemented to intervene in a dispute between peers. Second, it is necessary for comprehensive program such as Aggression Replacement Training including moral education as well as behavior modification to resolve peer violence.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.199-210
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• 2004

This study investigates 55 preservice secondary mathematics teachers' situational understanding of functional relationship. Functional thinking is fundamental and useful because it develops students' quantitative thinking about the world and analytical thinking about complex situations through examination of the relations between interdependent factors. Functional thinking is indispensable for understanding natural phenomena, for investigation by science, and for the technological inventions in engineering and navigation. Therefore, it goes without saying that teachers should be able to represent and communicate about various functional situations in the course of teaching and learning functional relationships to develop students' functional thinking. The result of this study illustrates that many preservice teachers were not able to appropriately represent and communicate about various functional situations. Additionally, it shows that most preservice teachers have limited understanding of the value of teaching function.