• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.58-65
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• 1980

Sinkage differences between the wheels of a transplanter which are caused by the different hard pan of fields and land preparation affect the field performance of a rice transplanter. In this experiment the relationships between the sinkage differences of the wheels of a transplanter and the planting distance, planting angle, planting depth and deviation from a straight transplanting line were investigated. The objective of this experiment was to obtain some basic informations for the effective use of the rice transplanter . The results of this experiment are as follows. 1. Transplanting distance became shorter as the sinkage differences increased. This effect was greater on the side of the transplanter with a shallower sinkage. 2. The depth of transplanting increased as the differences in the depth of sinkage increase for the side with the deeper sinkage. An opposite trend was observed for the side with shallower sinkage. 3. The angle of transplanted seedlings from the vertical portion increased slightly as the sinkage differences increased. The variation in results were greater from the side of the transplanter with deeper sinkage than with shallower sinkage. 5. The best postures of planted seedling were found when the water depth was 3 cm for the side of transplanter with deeper sinkage and 4 cm for the shallower sinkage side. The relationships between the postures of planted seedling and water depth. , or $y=67.62 + 10.69x-1.76x^2$ for the side of transplanter with deeper sinkage and $y=66.64+11.62x-1.50x^2$ for the side with shallower sinkage, were found from this experiment.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2018

차량의 엔진성능에 따라 구동성능이 결정되는 도로주행차량과 달리, 포장되지 않은 지반 위를 주행하는 야지궤도차량의 구동성능은 지반-궤도 접지면에서 발생하는 지반의 전단 및 침하현상에 의해 제한된다. 특히 차량의 중량에 의해 발생하는 정적침하 및 슬립에 의해 유발되는 슬립침하는 지반-궤도 접지면에서 지반저항력을 발현시켜 야지궤도 차량의 구동을 직접적으로 방해하는 요소로 작용한다. 따라서 야지궤도차량의 구동성능을 확보하기 위해서는 정적침하 및 슬립침하를 평가하고 제한할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 야지궤도차량의 중량 및 구동지반의 특성이 슬립침하에 미치는 영향을 종합적으로 평가하기 위하여, 다양한 연직하중 및 지반조건에서 모형궤도시험을 수행하였다. 모형 시험 결과, 모든 시험조건에 대해 슬립율이 증가할수록 슬립침하가 증가했지만, 그 증가량은 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 궤도시스템에 재하 된 상부 연직하중이 크고 모형지반의 상대밀도가 작을수록 슬립침하가 커지며 이에 따라 지반저항력도 증가하는 것으로 평가되었다. 추가적으로, 평가된 슬립침하를 각 시험조건 별로 산정된 정적침하로 정규화 시킨 뒤 이를 슬립율에 관한 함수로 나타내어 야지궤도차량의 침하량 및 지반저항력 산정 시 활용 가능하도록 하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.234-243
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• 2002

When a vehicle is operated over sort terrain, torque(or soil thrust) applied to driving wheel brings about shear displacement far soil due to compression and shear failure of soil under tire. This shear displacement give rise to slip and a additional sinkage due to slip. This additional sinkage is usually referred to as slip-sinkage. The slip-sinkage is affected by soil conditions and inflation pressure of tire. This slip-sinkage influence tractive performance on driving wheel . We conducted the experimental study far investigating the effect of slip on sinkage and tractive performance of driving wheel, such as motion resistance, thrust and drawbar pull. The experiment was carried out over three different soil conditions(soft, hard and very hard soil) far a tire with three levels of inflation pressure(120kPa, 240kPa and 360kPa). The results of this study show qualitatively slipsinkage characteristics and slip-tractive performance relationships of driving wheel with soil conditions and inflation pressure of tire.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2009

It has been known from Willoughby's empirical equation that rating cone index can be determined if wheel sinkage and slip of a vehicle can be measured on soil surface. A field data of wheel sinkage and slip was collected from two tractors of different sizes on gravelly sand and gravelly loamy sand. Using the data, rating cone index of the soil was estimated. The estimated rating cone index demonstrated that it could be determined in real time by measuring wheel sinkage and slip. It was also demonstrated statistically that the same soil strength could be obtained under the same soil conditions regardless of the vehicle platforms used for the wheel sinkage and slip measurements.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.230-237
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• 2015

Soil deformation on the off-load ground is significantly affected by soil conditions, such as soil type, water content, and etc. Thus, the soil characteristics should be estimated for predicting vehicle movements on the off-load conditions. The plate-sinkage test, a widely-used experimental test for predicting the wheel-soil interaction, provides the soil characteristic parameters from the relationship between soil stress and plate sinkage. In this study, soil stress under the plate-sinkage situation is calculated by the DEM (Discrete Element Method) model. We developed a virtual soil bin with DEM to obtain the vertical reaction forces under the plate pressing the soil surface. Also parametric studies to investigate effects of DEM model parameters, such as, particle density, Young's modulus, dynamic friction, rolling friction, and adhesion, on the characteristic soil parameters were performed.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2011

The domestic mine development community the countermeasure establishment is insufficient about ground sinkage, not only the mine which is a in line is partial from the mine of the most which has become the rest mine and abandoned mine or the index sinkage occurs. The ground sinkage which occurs from the abandoned mine area most after operation is stopped, a long time passes and accurately predicts an occurrence location and a time with the residual sinkage which occurs, is difficult. Underground goaf of the abandoned mine and the closed shaft When considering the potentiality which causes the instability of ground, is a possibility of reaching a damage in the ground infrastructure or life. The underground shaft which is formed specially with mine development and goaf operates with the obstacle factor in the development project of the mine area, the ground sinkage which is caused by with sinkage, operates with the large safety accident occurrence factor where the important infrastructure of the railroad, road, residential area etc. is damaged. Therefore, In this paper, the goaf cave of the abandoned mine area, for the displacement behavior according to the filling factor of the material is to analyze the numerical analysis.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.237-250
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• 2021

A rover is a planetary surface exploration device designed to move across the ground on a planet or a planetary-like body. Exploration rovers are increasingly becoming a vital part of the search for scientific evidence and discoveries on a planetary satellite of the Sun, such as the Moon or Mars. Reliable behavior and predictable locomotion of a rover is important. Understanding soil behavior and its interaction with rover wheels-the terramechanics-is of great importance in rover exploration performance. Up to now, many researchers have adopted Bekker's semiempirical model to predict rover wheelsoil interaction, which is based on the assumption that soil is deformable when a pressure is applied to it. Despite this basic assumption of the model, the pressure-sinkage relation is not fully understood, and it continues to present challenges for rover designers. This article presents a new pressure-sinkage model based on dimensional analysis (DA) and results of bevameter tests. DA was applied to the test results in order to propose a new pressure-sinkage model by reducing physical quantitative parameters. As part of the work, a new bevameter was designed and built so that it could be successfully used to obtain a proper pressure-sinkage relation of Korean Lunar Soil Simulant (KLS-1). The new pressure-sinkage model was constructed by using three different sizes of flat plate diameters of the bevameter. The newly proposed model was compared successfully with other models for validation purposes.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.8-18
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• 1984

To investigate the most important factors affecting the mobility of power tiller and to find the method which can be used for predicting the mobility of power tiller in soft paddy field, a series of field experiment was performed with two models of power tiller (8ps and 6ps diesel). From the results obtained throughout field experiment, the following conclusions were derived. 1. The wheel sinkage of power tiller during both traveling and field operations, which mainly influence the mobility, could be predicted from both plate ($50{\times}100mm$) sinkage and soil cone index (30-degree cone with 2 and $6cm^2$ base area). 2. Prediction of wheel sinkage from the rectangular plate sinkage was found to be more suitable compared with the cone index. 3. The upper limit of rectangular plate sinkage was found as 15 centimeter for operation of power tiller in muddy field which is equivalent of $1kg/cm^2$ of $2cm^2$ cone index value.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.158-167
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• 1989

This study was conducted to investigate the applicability of true model theory in a powered lugged wheel-soil system and to examine the possibility of using principles of similitude in investigating the dimensions of soil parameters pertinent to a powered lugged wheel-soil system concerning the sinkage prediction. The following conclusions were derived from the study; 1) The sinkage of prototype wheels proved to be predicted by those of the model wheels for the range of the dynamic weight tested. 2) A conditional equation which can be used for the prediction of sinkage of prototype by model test was derived as $n_f=n{_\ell}{^{-b}}$. The range of the numerical value of b, which is the exponent on the length dimension of the soil property ${\alpha}$, was found to be -1.48~-2.54. 3) Considering a relatively wide variation of b values, it was concluded that there are several soil properties which are pertinent to the powered lugged-wheel soil system concerning the sinkage prediction.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.417-422
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• 2001

Every ship might be exposed to collision, grounding and/or various accidents. They may make some underwater holes on the hull. An underwater damage would cause her loss of buoyancy, trim, and inclination. Although a ship has some provisions against these accidents, if the circumstance is serious, she would be sunk or upsetted. Because of varieties of type of accidents, one could not prepare all of them. Many subdivision could prevent them, but it is difficult to realize it due to rising costs. This paper deals with physical phenomena of sinkage and an application on box type ship, and some results are earned as follows； 1. sinkage speed up to the level of the damage hole is increased proportionally, and is decreased proportionally after filling the level. 2. the curve of draft shows cup type of second order polynomial up to the damage hole level, and shows cap type of second order polynomial after filling the level. 3. if damage occurs beneath half of the draft, changes of head and displacement, and sinking speed follow almost straight lines. 4. by careful observation, sinkage speed could be predicted.