• Journal of Semiconductor Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2020

Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology is now facing a power scaling limit to increase integration density. Since 1970s, multi-valued logic (MVL) has been considered as promising alternative to resolve power scaling challenge for increasing information density up to peta-scale level by reducing the system complexity. Over the past several decades, however, a power-scalable and mass-producible MVL technology has been absent so that MVL circuit and system implementation have been delayed. Recently, compact MVL device researches incorporating multiple-switching characteristics in a single device such as 2D heterojunction-based negative-differential resistance (NDR)/transconductance (NDT) devices and quantum-dot/superlattices-based constant intermediate current have been actively performed. Meanwhile, wafer-scale, energy-efficient and variation-tolerant ternary-CMOS (T-CMOS) technology has been demonstrated through commercial foundry. In this review paper, an overview for MVL development history including recent studies will be presented. Then, the status and its future research direction of MVL technology will be discussed focusing on the T-CMOS technology for peta-scale information processing in semiconductor chip.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.235-246
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• 2010

A Banach space operator A $\in$ B(X) is polaroid if the isolated points of the spectrum of A are poles of the resolvent of A; A is hereditarily polaroid, A $\in$ ($\mathcal{H}\mathcal{P}$), if every part of A is polaroid. Let $X^n\;=\;\oplus^n_{t=i}X_i$, where $X_i$ are Banach spaces, and let A denote the class of upper triangular operators A = $(A_{ij})_{1{\leq}i,j{\leq}n$, $A_{ij}\;{\in}\;B(X_j,X_i)$ and $A_{ij}$ = 0 for i > j. We prove that operators A $\in$ A such that $A_{ii}$ for all $1{\leq}i{\leq}n$, and $A^*$ have the single-valued extension property have spectral properties remarkably close to those of Jordan operators of order n and n-normal operators. Operators A $\in$ A such that $A_{ii}$ $\in$ ($\mathcal{H}\mathcal{P}$) for all $1{\leq}i{\leq}n$ are polaroid and have SVEP; hence they satisfy Weyl's theorem. Furthermore, A+R satisfies Browder's theorem for all upper triangular operators R, such that $\oplus^n_{i=1}R_{ii}$ is a Riesz operator, which commutes with A.

• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제35C권7호
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• pp.78-91
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• 1998

This paper presents modular design techniques of multiple-valued logic functions about the function decomposition method and input variable management method. The function decomposition method takes avantage of the property of the column multiplicity in a single-column variable partitioning. Due to the increased number of identical modules, we can achieve a simpler circuit design by using a single T-gate, which can eliminate some of the control functions in the module libraty types. The input variable management method is to reduce the complexity of the input variables by proposing the look up table which assign input variables to a code. In this case as the number of sub-functions increase the code-length and the size of the code-assignment table grow. We identify some situations where shard input variables among sub-functions can be further reduced by a simplicication technique. According to the result of adapting this method to a function, we have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed methods which is bing decreased to about 12% of interconnection and about 16% of T-gate numbers compare with th eexisting for th enon-symmetric and irregular function realization.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.611-622
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• 2018

Observed climate data are processed under the assumption that their time series are stationary, as in multi-step temperature and precipitation prediction, which usually leads to low prediction accuracy. If a climate system model is based on a single prediction model, the prediction results contain significant uncertainty. In order to overcome this drawback, this study uses a method that integrates ensemble prediction and a stepwise regression model based on a mean-valued generation function. In addition, it utilizes empirical mode decomposition (EMD), which is a new method of handling time series. First, a non-stationary time series is decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which are stationary and multi-scale. Then, a different prediction model is constructed for each component of the IMF using numerical ensemble prediction combined with stepwise regression analysis. Finally, the results are fit to a linear regression model, and a short-term climate prediction system is established using the Visual Studio development platform. The model is validated using temperature data from February 1957 to 2005 from 88 weather stations in Guangxi, China. The results show that compared to single-model prediction methods, the EMD and ensemble prediction model is more effective for forecasting climate change and abrupt climate shifts when using historical data for multi-step prediction.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.565-585
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• 1996

In 1976, Caristi [1] established a celebrated fixed point theorem in complete metric spaces, which is a very useful tool in the theory of nonlinear analysis. Since then, several generalizations of the theorem were given by a number of authors: for instances, generalizations for single-valued mappings were given by Downing and Kirk [4], Park [11] and Siegel [13], and the multi-valued versions of the theorem were obtained by Chang and Luo [3], and Mizoguchi and Takahashi [10].

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.251-265
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• 2024

The main aim of this article is to present new fixed point results concerning existence of selection for a multivalued map on hyperconvex product space taking values on bounded, externally hyperconvex subsets under some appropriate hypothesis. Our results are significant extensions of some pioneering results in the literature, in particular M. A. Khamsi, W. A. Krik and Carlos Martinez Yanez, have proved the existence of single valued selection of a lipschitzian multi-valued map on hyperconvex space. Some suitable examples are also given to support and understand the applicability of our results.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.377-389
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• 2011

공정능력지수는 공정능력을 측정하고 분석하기 위하여 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 측도로, 품질수준과 밀접한 관계가 있을 뿐만 아니라 보다 높은 품질수준은 고객들에게 더 큰 만족을 가져다 준다. 제3세대 공정 능력지수 $C_{pmk}$는 gms히 6시그마 산업현장에서 공정능력을 평가하기 위하여 유용하게 사용되는 두 가지 지수 $C_p$와 $C_{pk}$보다 이론적으로 강력한 지수이다. 실제로 제조현장에서 두 가지 이상의 서로 연관이 있는 품질특성치들과 제품에 대한 규격한계들을 사용하여 보다 정확한 공정능력 분석이 필요할 것이다. 이러한 경우에 단순히 하나의 일변량 공정능력지수를 통하여 공정능력분석을 하기 보다는 벡터 공정능력지수나 다변량공정능력지수를 통하여 분석을 수행하는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 본 논문에서는 3세대 공정능력지수 $C_{pmk}$를 고려하여 2차원 벡터 공정능력지수 $C_{pmk}$ = ($C_{pmkx}$, $C_{pmky}$)$^t$에 대하여 연구하였다. 우선, $C_{pmk}$에 대한 플러그-인(plug-in) 추정량 $\hat{C}_{pmk}$과 관련하여 핵심내용인 극한 확률분포를 유도하였다. 나아가 이러한 결과를 기초로 이변량 정규분포하에서 공분산 행렬 $V_{pmk}$을 구체적으로 계산하였다. 또한 이 행렬의 추정을 통하여 벡터 공정능력지수 $C_{pmk}$에 대한 근사적인 공동 신뢰영역을 제시함으로써, 본 논문에서의 극한분포 연구결과가 벡터 공정능력지수 $C_{pmk}$에 대한 통계적 추론에 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.665-678
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• 2019

We construct an iteration scheme involving a hybrid pair of mappings, one a single-valued asymptotically nonexpansive mapping t and the other a multivalued nonexpansive mapping T, in a complete CAT(0) space. In the process, we remove a restricted condition (called the end-point condition) from results of Akkasriworn and Sokhuma [1] and and use this to prove some convergence theorems. The results concur with analogues for Banach spaces from Uddin et al. [16].

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2014

In this paper, we introduce S-metric spaces and give their some properties. Also we present a common fixed point theorem for multivalued maps on complete S-metric spaces. The single valued case and an illustrative example are given.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.515-520
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• 2000

The state-of-the-practice design expressions currently used for the calculation of shear strength of concrete columns due to circular transverse hoop steel were reviewed. From this, it was found that the single valued constant effective section area of shear steel to be conservative in some degree that concrete sections built in non-seismic regions. A general expression as n alternative was suggested considering the wide range of section configurations. The theoretical prediction was validated through the experimental observations.