• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.176-187
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• 2018

The Korean government has been encouraging 'continuous' post-pump priming project management through relevant local personnel planning, action, and management, upon the selection of 68 sites for urban regeneration as part of the New Deal Project. This study assessed the utilization characteristics of containers, the socio-experimental temporary occupation facilities, as a tool for 'sustainable' urban regeneration. This is to identify the potential limitations of urban regeneration by the utilization of containers as public sector temporary occupation facilities and to provide adequate directions based on its efficacy. By comparing three Korean cases with the Japanese WaiWai project, in terms of 10 elements, the preoccupations with the social trend and scenery, and undifferentiated functions of the facilities focusing on the commercial or working aspects have been identified as limitations of Korean cases. Based on the analyses, the following are suggested as plausible approaches to utilize socio-experimental containers for sustainable urban regeneration: 1. Planning and management should be done by the same organization because the absence of the planning party's participation in the management likely leads to the pursuit of only profits. 2. Diversification and combinations of different utilization purposes of a single site and numerous planning of experimental container uses are in need. 3. Accommodations of heavy commercial uses lead to a decline in the continuity of follow-up projects and a change in the urban regeneration directions. Therefore, it is important to include a public socio-experimental program rather than a simple commercial or promotion program for the following urban renewal project.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.178-184
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• 2017

This study was performed on 16 patients diagnosed with tsutsugamushi disease and cerebral infarction from January 2007 to December 2015. An acute cerebral infarction was diagnosed by brain MRI and MRA. Tsutsugamushi disease was diagnosed using a polymerase chain reaction. To distinguish the difference between the generalized cerebral infarction and infarction with tsutsugamushi disease, the blood pressure and body temperature were measured uponadmission. In general, the blood pressure increases during an acute cerebral infarction. Interestingly, in this study, 12 patients showed a systolic blood pressure less than 130 mmHg uponadmission. The location of the cerebral infarction and whether single or multiple cerebral infarction were examined. Thirteen patients had a cerebral infarction in anterior circulation and 3 patients developed in posterior circulation. To evaluate the coagulation disorders, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), D-dimer, fibrinogen, fibrin degradation product (FDP). D-dimer, which is generally known to increase in an acute cerebral infarction, showed a significant increase in the 13 patients. Fibrin degradation products (FDP) showed a significant increase in 15 patients. The pathophysiological mechanism of tsutsugamushi disease is known as vasculitis, which may result in an endothelial cell injury and proliferation of the endothelial wall, which may lead to a cerebral infarction accompanied by coagulopathy. Without endothelial cell damage and proliferation, a vasospasm caused by vasculitis may cause vasoconstriction and cerebral infarction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.624-633
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• 2017

Korean society has begun to transition toward a multicultural society, and the rate of change is increasing. If so, is our society ready to meet this change of society? It is true that Korean society has been dominated by the paradigm of 'monoethnicity', and traditionally has been regarded as a virtue to maintain this view. However, it is worth noting that isolated single cultures have historically met a disastrous end. On the contrary, people who have adapted their culture and style have enjoyed prosperity. Korean society has hovered between embracing and rejecting the flow of change, and has finally accepted them to choose the way to go on a multicultural society living together. However, it seems that the changes in policy have not kept pace with recent changes in society. Despite the fact that the most efficient way to change perception is to establish and implement appropriate educational policies promoting multiculturalism, most education in Korean society has focused on the closed form of education, for the influx people, not having been made proper education for most of Korean people who should actually accept them and get along with them. Therefore, they have been striving for an assimilated viewpoint that simply get it transformed into Koreanized, not understanding and accepting them as they are. However, this type of education cannot lead a Korean multicultural society in the right direction. We objectively examined the reality of Korean society facing this crisis and presented policy changes regarding multicultural education through examining the case of France, which experienced a similar crisis prior.We are going to present the direction of change in multicultural education through the case of France which has experienced similar crisis before us by examining the reality of Korean society facing the crisis like this.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5145-5151
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• 2013

Background: Numerous carcinogens and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may cause DNA damage including oxidative base lesions that lead to risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Genetic susceptibility has been reported to play a key role in the development of this disease. The base excision repair (BER) pathway can effectively remove oxidative lesions, maintaining genomic stability and normal expression, with X-ray repair crosscomplementing1 (XRCC1), 8-oxoguanine glycosylase-1 (OGG1) and apurinic/apyimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) playing important roles. Aims: To analyze polymorphisms of DNA BER genes (OOG1, XRCC1 and APE1) and explore their associations, and the combined effects of these variants, with risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: We detected SNPs of XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), OGG1 (Ser326Cys), APE1 (Asp148Glu and -141T/G) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with peripheral blood samples from 231 patients with NPC and 300 healthy people, furtherly analyzing their relations with the risk of NPC in multivariate logistic regression models. Results: After adjustment for sex and age, individuals with the XRCC1 399Gln/Gln (OR=1.96; 95%CI:1.02-3.78; p=0.04) and Arg/Gln (OR=1.87; 95%CI:1.29-2.71; p=0.001) genotype variants demonstrated a significantly increased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with those having the wild-type Arg/Arg genotype. APE1-141G/G was associated with a significantly reduced risk of NPC (OR=0.40;95%CI:0.18-0.89) in the smoking group. The OR calculated for the combination of XRCC1 399Gln and APE1 148Gln, two homozygous variants, was significantly additive for all cases (OR=2.09; 95% CI: 1.27-3.47; p=0.004). Conclusion: This is the first study to focus on the association between DNA base-excision repair genes (XRCC1, OGG1 and APE1) polymorphism and NPC risk. The XRCC1 Arg399Gln variant genotype is associated with an increased risk of NPC. APE1-141G/G may decrease risk of NPC in current smokers. The combined effects of polymorphisms within BER genes of XRCC1 399Gln and APE1 148Gln may contribute to a high risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.1115-1123
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• 2016

Assumption-based truth maintenance system (ATMS) is a tool that maintains the reasoning process of inference engine. It also supports non-monotonic reasoning based on dependency-directed backtracking. Bookkeeping all the reasoning processes allows it to quickly check and retract beliefs and efficiently provide solutions for problems with large search space. However, the amount of data has been exponentially grown recently, making it impossible to use a single machine for solving large-scale problems. The maintaining process for solving such problems can lead to high computation cost due to large memory overhead. To overcome this drawback, this paper presents an approach towards incrementally maintaining the reasoning process of inference engine on cluster using Spark. It maintains data dependencies such as assumption, label, environment and justification on a cluster of machines in parallel and efficiently updates changes in a large amount of inferred datasets. We deployed the proposed ATMS on a cluster with 5 machines, conducted OWL/RDFS reasoning over University benchmark data (LUBM) and evaluated our system in terms of its performance and functionalities such as assertion, explanation and retraction. In our experiments, the proposed system performed the operations in a reasonably short period of time for over 80GB inferred LUBM2000 dataset.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 2018

With recent technological advances in the shipbuilding industry, vessels have been improved in size and performance. As a result, an accident such as grounding, caused by a single ship-to-ship collision, could lead to a large-scale maritime disaster. Considering the seriousness of the situation, the international community has been consistently updating the standards for Electronic Navigational Chart(ENC) to improve the maritime safety. S-57, the existing ENC standard governed by the International Hydrographic Organization(IHO), includes standards for generating conventional binary-type ENC data sets. The S-57 standard, however, has not been updated since the release of Version 3.1 in December 2000. Since then, the standard has failed to reflect technological development regarding maritime spacial information, which has been consistently improving. In an effort to address this concern, the IHO designated S-100, i.e., the next-generation ENC production standard. S-100 differs from S-57 in data exchange type. Contrary to the conventional ENC standards, which use binary-type data, S-10X, based on the next-generation ENC standards, uses ENC data composed of Feature Catalogue, Portrayal Catalogue, and GML. Considering this fact, it is necessary to update S-58, the ENC validation check standard, or designate a new standard for ENC validation checks. This study is developed own software to implement validation checks for new types of data, and identified improvement points based on the test results.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.63-77
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• 1994

This experiment was performed to study the morphological responses of the epidermis of the rat scalp, following X-ray irradiation. Male rats were divided into normal and experimental groups. Rats anesthetized with sodium thiopental, were exposed only on their head areas with a single dose of 3,000rads or 6,000rads, respectively. Radiation was produced by Mitsubishi Linea Accelerator ML-4MV at the speed of 200rads/min. The target distance was 80cm. Animals were sacrificed on six hours, two days and six days following irradiation. By the perfusion fixation through the heart, rats were fixed with 1% glutaraldehyde-1% paraformaldehyde solution. Pieces of the tissue taken from the scalp were refixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solution, followed by post-fixation with 1% osmium tetroxide, and embedded within araldite mixture. The sections were cut on a LKB-V ultratome, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and were observed with JEM 100CX-II electron microscope. The results were as follow; 1. Six hours after exposure to 3,000rads of X-ray. Disrupted intercellular spaces, within which some amorphous materials were filled, disrupted mitochondria, and vacuoles in the keratinocytes were frequently observed, but six days after exposure to 3,000rads of X-ray, Morphology of the keratinocytes was generally restored. 2. Many of the morphological changes were seen on the six days after exposure to 6,000rads of X-ray. 3. Widened intercellular spaces and thickened dense plaques of the desmosomes were frequently observed after exposure to 6,000rads of X-ray. 4. In the experimental groups, the Langerhans and the Merkel cells were damaged, similarly to the keratinocyte. Above results suggest that head irradiation with the dose of 3,000rads temporarily damaged the epidermis of the scalp, though most of the structures recover within six days, whereas with the dose of 6,000rads it severely damaged the epidermis without showing any recovering tendency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1998.02a
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• pp.24-24
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• 1998

반도체장비를 포함하는 초고진공장비의 園훌化가 급속히 그리고 절실히 요구되고 있는 것이 현실정이다. 當面해서 실현할 국산진공장비의 대상은 廣範圍하다. 즉, 각종 진공 pump ( (rotary, dry, diffusion, cryo, ion, turbo melecular pump), 진공 chamber, 진공 line, gate valve 를 위 시 한 진공 V머ve, flange, gasket, fl않d야lU, mainpulater 퉁 진공 部品이 다. 진공계 의 핵심 은 適切하고 優良한 진공재료의 선태파 사용이다. 진공장비는 사용자가 원하는 진공도를 원하 는 시간 동안 륨空度를 유지해 주어야 한다. 진공재료 선태의 기준사항은:(1) 기체의 透過성 (2) 薰했훌 (3) 혔體放出특성 - -outgassing과 degassing- (4) 機械的 량훌度 (5) 온도 의존성 (6) 化學톡성 (7) 加I성 및 鎔接 성 (8) 課電특성 (9) 磁氣특성 (10) 高速함子 및 放射線 특성 (11) 經濟성 및 調達생 둥이 다. 우량한 초고진공계재료는 풍부하게 개발되어 왔고, 또 新材料들이 개발되고 있다. 여기에서는 주로 초고진공 내지는 극고진공계의 構造材料, 機能材料, 部品材料 일반파 몇가지 신재료의 특 성에 관해서 記述한다. M Mild SteeHSAE, 1112, 1010, 1020, 1022, etc)., S Stainless SteeHAlSI, 304, 304L, 310, 316, 321, 347): 구조재료, chamber, fl하1ges A Aluminum과 Alloys (1060, 1100, 2014, 4032, 6(뻐1): 구조재료, chamber, flanges, gaskets A AI, Al 떠loy는 SS에 代替하는 역 할올 시 작하고 있다. C Copper, Copper Alloys(C11$\alpha$)0, C26800, C61400, Cl7200): 내장인자, gasket, cryopanel, tubing T Titanium, Ziriconium, Haf띠um 및 Alloys: 특히 Ti은 10n pump 용 getter material 이 외 에 U UHV,XHV용 chamber계로서 관심올 끌고 있다. N Nickel, Nickel Alloys (200, 204, 211, monel, nichrome): 부식 방지 , 전자장치 , 자기 장치 귀 금속(Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os, Ru): 보조부품, gasket, filament, coating, thermocouple, 접 합부위 T TiC, SiC, zrC, HfC, TaC 둥의 탄화물과, BN, TiN, AlN 동의 질화물, 붕화물이 둥장하고 었 다. 유리: Soda Lime, Borosilicate, Potash Soda Lead: View Port, Chamber envelope C Ceramics: AlZ03, BeO, MgO, zrOz, SiOz, MgOzSiOz, 3Alz032SiOz, Z$textsc{k}$hSiOz S상N4: e electrical, thermal insulators, crucibles, boats, single crystals, sepctr려 windows 저자는 최근 저자들이 발견한 Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be amorphous alloys coated cham뾰r가 radiation p proof로 이용될 수 있는 사실을 점검하고 었다 .. Z.Y. Hua 들은 Cs3Sb를 새로운 photocathode 재료로 보고하고 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 1991

Infarct size is a major determinant of prognosis after acute myocardial infarction. Up to date, however, clinically available tests to estimate this size have not been sufficiently accurate. Twelve lead electrocardiogram and wall motion abnormality measurement are not quantitative, and creatine phophokinase (CPK) measurement is inaccurate in the presence of reperfusion or right ventricular infarction. Methods have been developed to localize and size acute myocardial infarcts with agents that are selectively sequestered in areas of myocardial damage, but previously used agents have lacked sufficient specificity. Antibodies that bind specifically only to damaged myocardial cells may resolve this problem and provide an accurate method for noninvasively measuring infarct size. We determined the accuracy with which infarcted myocardial mass can be measured using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and radiolabeled antimyosin antibodies. Seven patients with acute myocardial infarction and one stable angina patient were injected with 2 mCi of Indium-111 labeled antimyosin antibodies. Planar image and SPECT was performed 24 hours later. None of the patients had history of prior infarcts, and none had undergone reperfusion techniques prior to the study, which was done within 4 days of the attack. Planar image showed all infarct patients to have postive uptakes in the cardiac region. The location of this uptake correlated to the infarct site as indicated by electrocardiography in most of the cases. The angina patient, however, showed no such abnormal uptake. Infarct size was determined from transverse slices of the SPECT image using a 45% threshold value obtained from a phantom study. Measured infarct size ranged from 40 to 192 gr. There was significant correlation between the infarct size measured by SPECT and that estimated from serial measurements of CPK (r=0.73, p<0.05). These date suggest that acute myocardial infarct size can be accurately measured from SPECT Indium-111 antimyosin imaging. This method may be especially valuable in situations where other methods are unreliable, such as early reperfusion technique, right ventricular infarct or presence of prior infarcts.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.133-173
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• 2011

Since mid-1960s the reports from the Surgeon General, the World Health Organization, and other health experts state that there is no risk-free level exposure to smoking and secondhand smoke. Tobacco smoke is made up of more than 7,000 chemicals. Hundreds are toxic, and at least 70 are carcinogens. The chemicals in tobacco smoke reach smoker's lungs quickly every time smoker inhale causing damages immediately. Inhaling even the smallest amount of tobacco smoke can also damage smoker's DNA, which can lead to cancers. Smoking is responsible for more than 87% of lung cancers, but there are a host of other chronic diseases directly related to exposure to tobacco smoke. It's also a major cause of heart disease, stroke, aortic aneurysm, peripheral arterial disease and most of the other diseases. In the United States, each year with more than from 440,000 to 520,000 deaths caused by smoking and exposure to involuntary smoke. They conclude that smoking is the single most important source of preventable morbidity and mortality. The United States of America have about 60-year history of tobacco litigation. Tobacco litigation has been an important tool in tobacco control strategies aimed at limiting the activities of tobacco companies and providing redress to people who have become ill as a result of their use of tobacco products. Tobacco litigation is a kind of tort litigation. Quite often, as in the asbestos and other mass tort litigation episodes, tobacco litigation can play an educational role, warning the public about the magnitude of health risks that might otherwise be less clearly perceived. Tobacco litigation allows smokers, their families or other victims of smoking to sue tobacco companies in order to be compensated for the harm they have suffered. Potential benefits of tobacco litigation include compensation for smoking-related damages, strengthening regulatory activity, publicity, documents disclosure and changing tobacco industry behavior. And also tobacco litigation can limit the political activities of tobacco industry, protect human rights of smokers and non-smokers, increase burden to tobacco price-up and enhance the effects of law and politics in public health.