• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1327-1335
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• 2023

Objective: When evaluating individuals with the same parent and no phenotype by pedigree best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), it is difficult to explain carcass grade difference and select individuals because they have the same value in pedigree BLUP (PBLUP). However, single step GBLUP (ssGBLUP), which can estimate the breeding value suitable for the individual by adding genotype, is more accurate than the existing method. Methods: The breeding value and accuracy were estimated with pedigree BLUP and ssGBLUP using pedigree and genotype of 408 Hanwoo cattle from 16 families with the same parent among siblings produced by fertilized egg transplantation. A total of 14,225 Hanwoo cattle with pedigree, genotype and phenotype were used as the reference population. PBLUP obtained estimated breeding value (EBV) using the pedigree of the test and reference populations, and ssGBLUP obtained genomic EBV (GEBV) after constructing and H-matrix by integrating the pedigree and genotype of the test and reference populations. Results: For all traits, the accuracy of GEBV using ssGBLUP is 0.18 to 0.20 higher than the accuracy of EBV obtained with PBLUP. Comparison of EBV and GEBV of individuals without phenotype, since the value of EBV is estimated based on expected values of alleles passed down from common ancestors. It does not take Mendelian sampling into consideration, so the EBV of all individuals within the same family is estimated to be the same value. However, GEBV makes estimating true kinship coefficient based on different genotypes of individuals possible, so GEBV that corresponds to each individual is estimated rather than a uniform GEBV for each individual. Conclusion: Since Hanwoo cows bred through embryo transfer have a high possibility of having the same parent, if ssGBLUP after adding genotype is used, estimating true kinship coefficient corresponding to each individual becomes possible, allowing for more accurate estimation of breeding value.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.331-347
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• 1996

This study was aimed at comparing the dietary pattern of middle school girls according to family type. As for subjects, sixty girls of M middle school of Taejon city were chosen as a total. They were devided into two groups consisted of thirty subjects respectively ; those who live in single mother's family(SMF) and both parent's family(BPF). In this study, intakes of food and nutrient and dietary behaviors of each group were investigated through two-day dietary records and questionnaire. The results obtained in this study were as follows : 1) Mean daily intake of all nuitrients except calcium were more than RDAs in two groups. However, intake of calcium and rtio of Ca / P were lower than RDAs in two groups. And proportion of less than 2/3 of RDAs of calcium were higher than other nutrients. Intake of iron was more than RDAs, but nutritional status of iron might be poorer considering the food sorce of iron taken by subjects. According to family type, girls of SMF seemed to have more serious to have more serious problem in these nutrients than those of BPF. 2) The average distribution ratios of breakfast, lunch, dinner and snack to total calorie intake was 25.2, 31.3, 24.6 and 18.9 in SMF, and 19.7, 33.1, 24.3 and 22.9 in BPF. Thus it proved that lunch contributed more energy intake than any other meal, and that snack was an important means to supply nutrients for girls of two groups. And energy intake through breakfast of SMF was more than BPF. 3) The major dietary problems of two groups were unbalanced diet, missing meal, and overeating. The degree of sharing meal with family was lower in girls of SMF than those of BPF. The degrees of skipping (p<0.05), or irregularity, or preparing meal by girls(P<0.05) in the case of dinner were tended to be more frequent in SMF than BPF. And number of food taken per day was less various in SMF of 15.2 kinds than BPF of 17.1 kinds(P<0.001). As a conclusion, subjects should take more calcium or iron contained food which is well absorved, and eat diverse foods to improve their nutritional status. And it is also necessary that calorie intake through snack should be diminished, and dinner should be eaten regularly and shared with family if possible. In view of family type, girls of SMF proved to have poorer food habit than those of BPF. Thus, these results shows that dietary pattern of girls is different atcording to family type. Therefore, we should carry out nutritional education for girls considering the difference of dietary pattern by family type. In addition, nutritional education for girls of SMF should be regarded more importantly than those of BPF because girls of SMF might have more chance to manage their meal by themselves and also have more dietary problems.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2011

According to the changing environment of modern society, a resident of the symbols reflects the growing need for housing has risen. Recently the participation of women in Korea, increased divorce rates, diversification of types of jobs, personal life, due to the typically family-oriented values is not the type of atypical forms of various types of households (a person households, newlyweds, Late Marriage Couples, single parent households, cohabiting, single core, including a disclaimer) is formed, and this trend for the social composition of the new housing environment is required. In this study, South Korea, Japan, the two countries central to the values of personal life for the area be developed by the individual but in reality did not meet the residential space in the current "environmental action research" living life based on the construction of a personal area tend to be aware of. Central values of private life, which amplified the possibility of increased prices as the difficulties in living life the most "private area" Building "area of the discrepancies" and controlled through the building of the reason for the tendency of humans in the future by identifying Oriented for the formation of residential space is to provide basic information. In addition, changes in family patterns in Japan and South Korea ahead of the current family patterns by comparing the present and future of Korea is trying to think.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was a part of preliminary survey for establishing Korean HPS(Health Promoting School) model which was originally suggested by WHO. Methods: Three elementary and middle schools were sampled in urban and rural area across three level of social-economic status, and survey was conducted on one class in each grade by random selection. To measure mental health and social and familial factors, self-esteem scale, self-efficacy scale, depression scale, family cohesion scale, parent-child communication scale, adolescent's mental health and problem behavior questionnaire(AMPQ), and other question items about family status and economic level were conducted. Students' mental health level was compared by region, sex, grade, and other familial and economic factors. Results: Familial and social factors such as economical and educational level of parents, number of family members were different between rural and urban area. Also, students of rural area got lower scores at self-esteem, self-efficacy, but higher scores at extroverted problem behavior than their urban counterparts. In pre-school students, high grade students' self-esteem, and family cohesion scores were lower than low grade students. And sexual differences were found across problem behavior domain and region in middle school students. Especially, the students of single-parent family and lower economic family got insistently low scores at various mental health related scales. Conclusion: These results should be considered, when the HPS model is designed and applied in Korea.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.479-487
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was a grounded theory research aimed at generating a substantive theory that accounts for the explanatory social processes in which immigrant Korean single-mother families were engaged in the United States. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 immigrant Korean single mothers who were living with children under 18 years of age at the time of the interviews. Data collection guided by theoretical sampling and concurrent constant comparative analysis of the transcribed data was conducted to identify the core social process. Results: The emerged core social process was "living for the children," which represented the driving process by which these women made transition to their new lives as single-mother families. The major task throughout the entire transition was re-creating their families. The women's transition involved practical and psychological transitions. The practical transition involved three stages: assuring family survival, struggling between the father role and the mother role, and stabilizing. The psychological transition involved becoming strong and settling in with a new supportive network. Conclusion: Study results added to the literature by elaborating the women's emphasis on maternal identity and the resilience-provoking nature of the women's transitions.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.225-246
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• 2010

본 연구는 한국복지패널 1~2차년도를 활용하여 가족구조의 변화 여부가 성인이행기 신체적 발달, 우울, 교육성취에 미치는 영향을 확인하고 나아가 가족구조의 변화 시기에 따라 성인이행기 발달에 미치는 영향이 상이한지 살펴보았다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 0~18세 때 가족구조의 변화 여부는 성인이행기 우울, 교육성취에 부정적 영향을 미치지만 주관적 건강상태에는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는다. 둘째, 0~18세 때 가족구조의 변화 여부는 성인이행기 주관적 건강상태에 부정적 영향을 미치지 않지만, 세부 발달단계로 나누어 분석한 결과, 영유아기 때의 가족구조의 변화는 성인이행기 주관적 건강상태에 부정적 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 영유가기 때의 가족구조의 변화는 성인이행기 우울에 영향을 미치지만, 아동기와 청소년기 때의 가족구조의 변화는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는다. 넷째, 영유아기, 아동기, 청소년기 때의 가족구조의 변화는 모두 교육성취에 유의미한 부정적 영향을 미치며, 그 영향의 크기는 영유아기, 청소년기, 아동기 순이다. 이를 통해, 아동·청소년기 때의 가족구조의 변화가 성인이행기 발달에도 지속적으로 영향을 미치고 있으며, 가족구조 변화의 시기에 따라 영향을 미치는 발달영역과 강도가 다소 상이함을 알 수 있다. 특히, 주관적 건강상태와 우울과 관련하여 영유아기 때의 가족구조의 변화만 영향을 미쳤지만, 교육성취는 모든 발달단계가 유의미한 영향을 주며 특히, 영유아기, 청소년기, 아동기 순으로 그 영향정도가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이는 가족구조의 변화가 일어난 시점의 자녀의 발달단계에 따라 영향을 받는 발달영역이 상이하기 때문에, 한부모 가족 자녀를 위한 정책 및 서비스의 종류는 달라야 함을 시사한다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2005

The purposes of this study are to examine the economic conditions and parenting of custodial fathers/mothers and to explain their impacts on the children's social adjustment after divorce. A total of 185 custodial parents divorced within the last 5 years completed a structured questionnaire. Children's social adjustment was the dependent variable in this study and was defined as their school performance and behavior problems. Results show that compared with divorced custodial fathers, divorced custodial mothers demonstrate more effective parenting, but there were no differences in economic conditions between them. In addition, children in single-father divorced families have lower school grades and more behavior problems than those in single-mother divorced families. Results also indicate that the economic conditions and parenting have different effects for children across family type. For children raised with a custodial father in divorced families, the economic conditions and the divorce duration are associated with lower school grades and behavior problems. For children with a custodial mother, however, the effective of parenting and the children's age have significant effects on the children's social adjustment after the parent divorced. Based on these results, this study proposes strategies for the improvement of children's adjustment in divorced families.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.199-227
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• 2012

Studies of leisure time generally have been concentrated on the amount of time spent by each family member in Korea. In this study, the shared leisure time among family members in various leisure activities was mainly investigated. Purposes of this study were to describe how family members spent the leisure time together and to investigate the determinants that affected whether or not family shared leisure time together. The data source was the '2009 Time Use Survey' conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office. The person involved in each activity was surveyed for the first time in the survey. The data from 17,470 diaries(10,359 weekdays and 3,549 Sunday) from 8,745 individuals aged from 20 to 59 who had a spouse were analyzed. The descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used. On average, married couples spent leisure time together with spouses 36 minutes a day on weekdays and 1 hour and 38 minutes on Sunday, respectively. Parent did with preschool children 5 minutes a day on weekdays and 15 minutes on Sunday, respectively. The shared leisure time with other family and relatives was 22 minutes a day on weekdays and 1 hour and 13 minutes on Sunday, respectively. Although there was a wide variation on the shared family leisure time by the types of activities, the main shared leisure activity was using mass media, which accounts for about two third of all shared leisure time together with family. Independent variables, including the age, sex, education level, working hours, personal income, presence of preschool children, marital status, sex role attitude, and dual or single income earner were the significant determinants of family's or couple's parent-preschool children's shared leisure time on weekdays or Sunday. Based on the results of this study, family and leisure policy were suggested to increase active family shared leisure time.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.37-55
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting family strength and therewith, suggest some strategies to improve family strength and welfare. For this purpose, the researcher sampled 208 college students and surveyed them for their perceptions of the concept of family and family strengths. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, as a result of surveying the subjects on their perception of the concept of family, it was found that almost all of them (99%) perceived that 'a family consists of a couple and their children' (item 1). The other items regarding the concept of family chosen by the majority of subjects were 'a couple and adopted child' (item 3 & item 17), 'a remarried couple and their children' (item 9), 'a single parent and children' (item 2), 'a three-generation family; couple, widowed daughter and granddaughter' (item 4), 'three sisters' (item 7), 'an unmarried woman living with a son born from a sperm bank' (item 19), 'a separated couple with no child' (item 13), 'cousins living together' (item 11), 'a divorced man and his girlfriend with child' (item 15) and 'homosexual family' (item 8). Second, as a result of assessing subjects' needs for family functions and their efforts for family strengths, it was found that the family functions for family members scored higher than those for the society, and that subjects' efforts for the family functions conducive to both their family members and society scored lower than their needs for the family functions. Third, subjects' needs and efforts for family functions were positively correlated with family strengths. Namely, family functions were closely related with family strengths.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.351-361
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• 1995

The main purpose of the study is to identify critical risk factors for development of a family assessment tool to screen high risk family. This study used a conceptual framework of family diagnosis developed by Eui-sook Kim's (1993) and analyzed risk factors to identify the high risk family. As employing a explorative and methodological study design, this study has four stages. 1. In the first stage, 34 family risk factors were identified by doing intensive literature review on conceptual framework of family diagnoses. 2. In the second stage, above risk factors were tested for content validity by consultation with 29 persons in community health nursing, nursing education, family theory, and social work. 3. In the third stage, existing survey data was used for actual application of the identified risk factors. The survey data used for this purpose was previously collected for the community diagnosis in a region of Seoul. At the final stage, through the comparison between high risk and low risk families, initially identified 34 risk factors decreased to 25 risk factors. Among 34 risk factors, six factors did not agree with content of questionnaries sand two factors were not significant in differentiating the high risk family Also, two risk factors showed high correlation between themselves, so only one of those two factors was chosen. As a result, twenty-five risk factors chosen to identify the high risk family are following ; 1. A single parent family due to divorce or death of a partner, or unweded single mother 2. A family with an unrelated household members 3. A family with a working mother with a young child 4. A family with no regular income 5. A family with no rule in family or too strict rules 6. A family with little or no support from other lam-ily members 7. A family with little or no support from friends or relatives 8. A family with little or no time to share with each other 9. A family with family history of hypertension, diabetus, cancer 10. A family with a sick person 11. A family with a mentally ill person 12. A family with a disabled person 13. A family with an alcoholic person 14. A family with a excessive smoker who smokes more than 1 pack / day 15. A family with too much salt intake in their diet. 16. A family with inappropriate management skills for family health 17. A family with high utilization of drug store than hospital to solve the health problems of the family 18. A family with disharmony between husband and wife 19. A family with conflicts among the family members 20. A family with unequal division of labor among family members 21. An authoritative family structure 22. A socially isolated family 23. The location of house is not residential area 24. A family with high risk of accidents 25. The drinking water and sewage systems are not hygienic. The main implication of the results of this study is clinical use. The high risk factors can be used to identify the high risk family effectively and efficiently. The use of high risk factors woule contribute to develop a conceptual framework of family diagnosis in Korea and the list of risk factors need to be revised continuously. Further researches are needed to develop an index of weight of each risk factor and to validate the risk factors.