• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1998

Background and Objectives : Aerodynamic investigation is valuable information about the efficiency of the larynx in translating air pressure to acoustic signal. The normal data of the Korean has been reported, but there is no basic data of professional western classical singers who have learned how to control the flow of expiratory air for singing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal aerodynamic data of korean professional western classical singers and compare this with that of the Korean Materials and Methods : 50 Korean western classical singers were studied. Expiratory lung pressure combined with measurements of the mean air flow rate, voice frequency and intensity were measured with the aerodynamic test using airway interruption method. These data were compared with normal data of untrained normal adults. Results and Conclusions : The voice frequency and the voice intensity were increased in the western classic singers, but the mean air flow rate and the expiratory air pressure of the classical singers were within the same range of the untrained normal adults. This result means that western classical singers can change the loudness and pitch with a little increased or decreasing the mean air flow and the expiratory air pressure.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.151-164
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• 2013

This study analyzes the conditions of merchandises from the popular domestic and foreign. In this study, 845 merchandises of 18 popular singers in Korea and 705 merchandises of 20 popular foreign singers are selected. The results of this study are as follows. First, the highest order of merchandise categories among Korean singers are stationeries and toys, followed by fashion accessories, clothes and interior decoration products. For the foreign singers, the highest order of merchandise categories are clothes, followed by fashion accessories, stationeries and toys, and interior decoration products. Second, the most common characteristics of graphic images on the merchandises from Korean singers are characters and expressions of person and body followed by logos, symbols, and gestures of body. Among the foreign singers, the most common characteristics of graphic images are logos, symbols, and gestures of body followed by logos, symbols. Third, by comparing the price ranges between the Korean and foreign merchandises, it is found that foreign singers' merchandises have a more diverse price range than local ones. The highest ordered price ranges among Korean singers are less than 10,000 won, followed by 10,000~20,000 won and 20,000~30,000 won. Among the foreign singers, the highest ordered price ranges are 20,000~30,000 won, followed by 20,000~30,000 won, and 30,000~40,000 won, and less than 10,000 won.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제44호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2002

Mean F0, Jitter, Shimmer, and NHR were measured in 21 opera singers, 13 Korean traditional 'pansori' singers, and 21 non-singers. Four voice sampling conditions were ordinary /α/ prolongation, /α/ prolongation using vocal technique as if the subjects were singing, oral reading of the words of a song, and singing. One-way ANOVA and Sheffe post-hoc analysis were used to identify significant differences among the groups. The mean F0 was significantly different among the 3 groups in all conditions except for the ordinary /α/ prolongation condition. The opera singers produced lower jitter and NHR compared to 'pansori' singers and non-singers only in the singing condition.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 1999

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles are well known to be important for the classical singers. We tried to elucidate any differences in the function of above muscles between trained and untrained singers by non-invasive surface electromyography(EMG). Four trained sopranos and four untrained singers sang vowel /i/ at different pitch(E3, G3, C4, E4, G4, C5, E5, G5, C6). The EMG activities of the suprahyoid, infrahyoid and omohyoid muscles were measured using surface electrodes. In trained singers, infrahyoid muscle activities increased more than those of suprahyoid in most of pitch. To the contrary, in untrained singers, the pattern of EMG activities were variable among each subjects and the EMG activities of suprahyoid muscles were relatively greater than those of infrahyoid.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.367-371
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• 1996

Most Koreans agree that Korean traditional singing voice has a very peculiar sound comparing to Western singing voice. The goal of this paper is to investigate the acoustic characteristics of Korean traditional singing voice called 'Pansori' Materials are analyzed from 3male professional singers and 4 female professional singers. Their singing was compared with their own conversation and other non-singers' conversation. Long term average spectra indicated that all the singers showed a much less spectral tilt than non-singers. The phenomenon was prevailing for professional singers not only in their singing, but also in their conversation. This suggests that it is not the result of a temporary effort but it may involve a certain permanent change in their physiological configuration. (To assess this hypothesis, voice source should be looked at directly. Therefore, in further research, using Rothenberg mask (Rothenberg, 1973) is strongly recommended.) In addition to LTA, individual vowel formants will be studied later.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.111-128
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• 2003

Aerodynamic study is valuable information about the vocal efficiency in translating airflow to acoustic signal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between trained singers and untrained controls under different two pitch by simultaneous using the airway interruption method and electroglottography (EGG). Under singing a Korean lied 'Gene', 20 (Male 10, Female 10) trained singers were studied on two one-octave different tone. Mean flow rate (MFR) , subglottic pressure (Psub) and intensity were measured with aerodynamic test using the Phonatory function analyzer (Nagashima Ltd. Model PS 77H, Tokyo, Japan). Closed quotients (Qx), jitter and shimmer were also investigated by electroglottography using Lx speech studio (Laryngograph Ltd, London, UK). These data were compared with those of normal controls. MFR and Psub were increased on high pitch tone in all subject groups. Statistically significant increasing of Qx and intensity were observed in male trained singers on high pitch tone (Qx;p = .025, intensity;p < .001). Beacasue of increasing of Qx and intensity, vocal efficiency was also significantly increased in male singers (p < .001). The trained singers' phonation was more efficient than untrained singers. The result means that the trained singers can increase the loudness with little changing of mean flow rate, subglottic pressure but more increasing of glottic closed quotients.

• 복식
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• 제45권
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• pp.133-146
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• 1999

Because adolescents are much inflicted with the sense of obsession in endless competition with their feers the costume of the pop singers relieving this agony and anxiety is becoming the object of immitation more than that of any oother entertainer. In this perspective it was thought that it was very necessary to attempt to investigate what relationship sense of mental anxiety the costume singers recently have worn had with adolescents sense of anxiety. The anxiety questionnaire used by Chu Young-sook and Kim Jung-hui and the questionnaire drawn up as the result- of the pilot-test and the pre-test were used and the questionnaires drawn up by a total of 228 middle schoolgirls in seoul were used a sfinal data of annalysis. Of them the anxiety questionnaire was made up of 8 sub-scales such as classic·social·morbid·learning examination·school record·poverty·war and other to anxieties. in order to survey the overall content concerning the costume of the singers preferred by teenagers the other questionnaire presented three vaiables such as musicality fashionability and dance as the distinct characteristics of singers and hiphop style tidy style and sexy style of clothing as the style of clothing preferred of singers' clothing. The importance fashionability and imitability of clothing were investigated as variables in relation to singers' clothing behavior. The SPSS PC+ program was used as the analytic method of data which were tested by the frequency analysis Duncan's multiple anaylsis of variance t-test and so on. As a result of investigation middle schoolgirls having a high level of learning and examinatior anxieties preferred the singers excellent in musicality while middle schoolgirls having a lower level of classic anxiety preferred the singers excellent in fashionability and dance wearing the hiphop style of clothing. And it was shown that middle schoolgirls having a lower level of classic anxiety preferred the singers wearing the clothing of sexy style. In the light of these results it was shown that there was the correlation between anxiety and clothing preference. Accordingly it is thought that the purpose of this study was achieved to some exent.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate vocal hygiene habits and Korean Voice-Related Quality of Life (K-VRQOL) among classical singers. A total of 128 classical singers filled an online voice and K-VRQOL questionnaire, and the results were analyzed. In order to investigate the characteristics of K-VRQOL according to age groups, and the presence or absence of a history of voice problems, we conducted a two-way ANOVA. The results are as follows. Of the 128 classical singers, 28 (21.9%) with a history of voice problems said that excessive conversation, singing practice, and yelling were the causes of their voice problems. The symptoms of voice problems were fatigue, loss of range, hoarseness, and breathiness. In addition, classical singers were less likely to smoke, or to drink alcohol or caffeine. The K-VRQOL was highly correlated with all sub-domains. There was a statistically significant difference according to age groups (p<.05) and history of voice problems (p<.01). There was no correlation between age groups and history of voice problems. Voice management is important because classical singers can ruin their voice by speaking, and the risk of voice disorder is high. Voice problems affect quality of life. In future studies, it is necessary to obtain information on the subjective voice characteristics of classical singers by examining the relationship between their voice hygiene habits and VHI, SVHI, and K-VRQOL.

• 음성과학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2000

Vocal tract resonances are of paramount importance to voice sounds. Resonance frequencies determine vowel quality and the personal voice timber. The aim of this study was to make an effective diction program according to tuning formant frequencies by adjusting the vocal tract shape in professional voice users. Twelve male student singers and eleven female student singers participated in this study. The subjects repeated five simple vowels /a, e, i, o, u/ in normal speech and singing. The spoken vowels and sung vowels were measured by formant frequencies and the singer's formant frequencies using CSL and DSP Sona-Graph. Separately, Plot formants program was used to draw the vowel chart. The results were as follows. (1) Total formant frequencies of female singers were 11% higher than those of males singers in singing. (2) The F1 and F3 of sung vowels increased compared to F1 and F3 spoken vowels. However, The F2 of sung vowels decreased in comparison with F2 of spoken vowels. (3) Posterior vowel /u/ were moved anteriorly. This phenomenon seemed to be due to head voice singing training. (4) Singer's formant frequencies in student singers appeared according to the part: 2560 Hz for baritone, 2760 Hz for Tenor, 2821 Hz for Mezzo soprano and 3420 Hz for soprano.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2019

본 연구는 성악 발성에서 나타나는 레가토(legato) 기법 연구를 통해 레가토에 영향을 미치는 3가지 요소를 분석하고 레가토 발성의 향상을 위한 효과적인 방법을 제시한다. 이를 위해 사례분석법과 귀납대비법을 활용한다. 본 연구를 통해 얻은 결론은 첫째, 성악가의 발성 기술 측면에서, 호흡 문제, 발음 문제, 음역대 문제를 해결한다면 원활하게 레가토에 이를 수 있게 되고, 이를 통해 성악가의 레가토 발성 기술이 향상될 수 있다. 둘째, 성악가의 발성 언어의 측면에서, 성악 언어의 발음과 구조의 특징을 심도있게 분석하여 언어적 차원의 레가토를 이룰 수 있다면, 이를 통해 성악가가 발성 언어를 더욱 깊이 이해할 수 있다. 셋째, 성악가의 발성 감정의 측면에서, 사상과 정서의 두 방면에서 감정과 관련된 문제를 해결하여 레가토에 이를 수 있다면, 이를 통해 작품에 대한 성악가의 이해도가 높아질 수 있다. 종합해보면 레가토는 성악가의 발성 기술, 발성 언어, 발성 감정에 따라 큰 영향을 받는다. 본 연구를 통해 성악가들이 성악 발성에서의 레가토의 중요성을 심도있게 이해하여, 발성 과정에서 레가토를 더욱 효과적으로 활용하기를 기대한다.