• International Journal of Contents
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.44-56
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine how the presentation mode (sequential- vs. simultaneous-mode) of information influences its evaluation. Three experiments revealed the interaction effect between the presentation mode and the valence of the product information. When respondents read about the positive aspects of the product, the evaluation was higher in the simultaneous presentation mode than in the sequential presentation mode. For negative product information, respondents' evaluation was higher in the sequential presentation mode than in the simultaneous presentation mode. The simultaneous presentation mode intensified the impact of the information valence on evaluation. This study proposed that the sequential and the simultaneous presentation modes prime high and low construal levels, respectively. The mediation analysis provides support for such a prediction. Finally, the mediating effect of construal levels in evaluation was shown to disappear when respondents focused on the product information for a longer duration, while the mediation effect remained when the response time was short.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.314-320
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• 2008

The cooling load in winter is significant in buildings and hotels because of the usage of office equipments and the improved wall insulation. Hence, a multi~heat pump is required to cover heating and cooling simultaneously for each indoor unit. In this study, the operating characteristics and performance of a simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump in the cooling-main operating mode were investigated experimentally. The system adopted a variable speed compressor using R410A with four indoor units and one outdoor unit. In the cooling-main mode, the heating capacity decreased due to reduction of flow rate to the indoor unit under heating mode operation. The EEV opening was adjusted to increase flow rate to the indoor unit under heating mode operation. The total capacity and COP in the cooling-main mode increased by 20.5% and 29.2%, respectively, compared with those in the cooling-only mode.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.276.2-276.2
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• 2003

Simultaneous enantioseparation of nine racemic non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for their accurate chiral discrimination was achieved by cyclodextrin (CO) modified capillary electrophoresis in the normal polarity (NP) mode and in the reversed polarity (RP) mode. The NP mode employed neutral tri-O-methyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (TM${\beta}$CD) as a selector dissolved in MES buffer (PH 6.0). (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2008

The cooling load in winter is significant in buildings and hotels because of the usage of office equipments and the high efficiency of wall insulation. Hence, the development of a multi-heat pump that can cover heating and cooling simultaneously for each indoor unit is required. In this study, the operating characteristics and performance of a simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump in the heating-main operating mode were investigated experimentally. The system adopted a variable speed compressor with four indoor units and one outdoor unit with R-410A. In the heating-main mode, the cooling capacity was lower than the design cooling capacity due to the reduction of the flow rate in the indoor unit for the cooling, with the increase of the heating capacity. To solve these problems, the performance characteristics of the simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump in the heating-main mode were investigated by varying the flow rate to the indoor unit for the cooling and the compressor rotating speed. In addition, the adequate control methods were suggested to improve the system efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.718-726
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• 2008

The cooling load in winter is significant in buildings and hotels because of the usage of office equipments and the high efficiency of wall insulation. Hence, the development of a multi-heat pump that can cover heating and cooling simultaneously for each indoor unit is required. In this study, the performance of a simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump was investigated in the heat recovery mode (HR mode). The system adopted a variable speed compressor using R410A with four indoor units and one outdoor unit. In the HR mode, the capacity and COP were improved as compared with those in the cooling or heating mode because the waste heat in the outdoor unit was utilized as useful heat in the indoor units. However, energy imbalance between heating and cooling capacity of each indoor unit was observed in the 2H-1C HR mode. Therefore, the performance of the system in the 2H-1C HR mode was enhanced by controlling refrigerant flow rate through the outdoor unit.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2165-2170
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• 2008

The cooling load in winter season is significant in many commercial buildings and hotels because of the usage of office equipments and the high efficiency of wall insulation. Therefore, the development of a multi-heat pump which can cover heating and cooling simultaneously for each indoor unit is required. In this study, the characteristics and performance of a simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump in the cooling-only and cooling-main operating mode was investigated experimentally with a variation of indoor air dry bulb temperature which is from $21^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$. EEV opening was adjusted from 20% to 24% during the tests. When the indoor air temperature varied, the performance in the cooling-only mode was more sensitive to the temperature than in the cooling-main mode. The total capacity and COP were increased by 53.8% and 48.1%, respectively, in the cooling-main, while those were increased by 19.6% and 19.3% in the cooling-only mode. The performance differences between the two operating modes became larger at lower temperatures, especially for the COP.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 1999

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) experiments were carried out with a lignocellulosic biomass. The effects of temperature on enzymatic saccharification and the ethanol fermentation were also investigated. The batch SSF process gave a final ethanol concentration of 10.44 g/l and equivalent glucose yield of 0.55 g/g, which was increased by 67％ or higher over the saccharification at 42℃. The optimal operating condition was found to vary in several parameters, such as the transmembrane pressure, permeation rate, and separation coefficient, related to the SSF combined with membrane system (semi-batch system). When the fermentation was operated in a semi-batch mode, the efficiency of the enzymes and yeast lasted three times longer than in a batch mode.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.679-686
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• 2007

The cooling load in winter season is significant in many commercial buildings and hotels because of the usage of office equipments and the high efficiency of wall insulation. The development of a multi-heat pump that can cover heating and cooling simultaneously for each indoor unit is required. In this study, a 4-room simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump system was designed and its performance was measured at each operating mode. The system used R-410A and adopted variable speed compressor. The problems on the designed system were analyzed and defined. In addition, the solutions of the problems were suggested to improve system efficiency and to obtain the stable operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2011

Conventional slope stability analysis is focused on calculating minimum factor of safety or maximum probability of failure. To minimize inherent uncertainty of soil properties and analytical model and to reflect various analytical models and its failure shape in slope stability analysis, slope stability analysis method considering simultaneous failure probability for multi failure mode was proposed. Linear programming recently introduced in system reliability analysis was used for calculation of simultaneous failure probability. System reliability analysis for various analytical models could be executed by this method. For application analysis for embankment, the results of this method shows that system stability of embankment calculate quantitatively.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.370-375
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• 2007

The cooling load in winter season is significant in many commercial buildings and hotels because of the usage of office equipments and high efficiency of wall insulation. The development of a multi-heat pump that can cover heating and cooling simultaneously for each indoor unit is required. In this numerical study, a 4-room simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump system was modeled and its performance was calculated at each operating mode. Also, performance analysis was compared with experimental results.