• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2012

Antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens is an important food safety issue worldwide as well as in Korea. In this study, exposure to antimicrobial resistant (AMR) Stapylococcus aureus was assessed from the consumption of pork based food dishes prepared in food service operations using the Monte Carlo simulation. Thirty five isolates of S. aureus were obtained from 124 semi-processed pork products and their antibiotic resistance patterns were determined. The highest resistance was observed for penicillin (76.7%) followed by ampicillin (70.0%). Two isolates were resistant to oxacillin (6.7%) and no vancomycin resistance was observed. Dietary exposure to penicillin resistant S. aureus as the most frequently observed AMR S. aureus from pork-based dishes was estimated based on contamination data as well as compliance to guidelines for time and temperature controls during food service operations. The mean level of penicillin resistant S. aureus in pork dishes during preparation was below 1 Log CFU/g. As a conservative approach, 95th percentile estimated level of penicillin resistant S. aureus was below the level for toxin production. The estimated probability of staphylococcal intoxication by AMR S. aureus was very low using currently available data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.4
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• pp.484-490
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• 2013

This study was conducted to develop a simulation model for estimating the amount of such products as round wood, dimension lumber and the residual wood biomass produced by processing the individual trees of Larix kaempferi. In the model, the stem volume is assessed using the taper equations of the species to estimate the stem forms. Then, the model simulates the conversion processes of logs to round wood or lumber and assesses the maximum amount of the wood products by the lumber dimensions or round wood size. Also the model provides information on the amount of residuals for kerf and slabs produced on the conversion processes for sawn timber or round wood. According to the results of an application of the model to a L. kaempferi process, the trees greater than 12 cm of DBH can be converted to logs for lumber or round wood production. For the trees, of which DBH is available for log conversion, the maximum amount of final products by dimensions were analyzed. In this analysis, production of the bigger dimension lumber was assumed to be preferred to that of the smaller or round wood. This model can be used for assesment of forest economic value through estimation of merchantable volume for the trees, and assessment of mill residues which has the potential to provide significant amount of feedstock for bioenergy production as well.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1365-1371
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• 2011

The intensity and duration of sexual behavior in Bos indicus was assessed through the continuous observation of sexual receptivity. Two groups of cows were formed: only synchronized (n = 50) and other group further superovulated (n = 20). An intravaginal implant that released progesterone over 9 d was used. After removing the implant, 25 mg of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ was administered. In the superovulated group, the administration of 280 mg (Follicle stimulant hormone) FSH-P1 per cow with a decreasing dosage over 4 d was utilized. In both groups, behavioral observations began at the moment of implant removal. Sexual behavior was analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the mean of hours in estrus, effective mountings and number of mounts/hour during estrus. A nonparametric survival analysis was performed using the time in two ways: i) when an event happened it was placed in a 24 h timeframe and, ii) the time of observation in continuous form (96 h) assessing the difference between curves by the log rank test Chi-square. The only significant difference was the number of mounts/h during receptivity (p<0.05). In the superovulated group three periods of sexual activity during the day were identified, with these events being of greater frequency and duration than the synchronized group (p = 0.02); besides, the superovulated group began estrus before the synchronized group (p = 0.0035) when using the total period. In a simulation study, when the number of observations went from two (06:00-18:00) to three periods (06:00, 12:00 and 18:00) cows detected accurately (<6 h after the onset) increased more than 20%. The results show that superovulated cows presented greater intensity and duration of sexual activity in contrast with only synchronized animals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.2
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• pp.231-237
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• 2016

This research was conducted in order to examine whether the Woodgrab short-wood logging method, most widely used logging method in Korea, is more favorable than other logging methods in terms of productivity and profitability. For the comparative purposes, whole-tree logging methods with cable yarding system using a swing yarder and a tower yarder were evaluated. The productivity and the profitability of the logging operations by the machine types on a L. kaempferi stand were estimated by simulating logging processes based on bucking patterns and the results were compared. As a result, the Woodgrab short-wood logging system showed the most favorable results in terms of skidding productivity and operating cost. On the contrary, the system was the least profitable among the three logging methods. Main reason is that while the system may be beneficial in terms of operation productivity, it is restricted to produce only short logs mainly for low quality raw materials such as pulp, bolts, etc. which are sold at cheap prices.