• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2007

In general, coastal damage is mostly occurred by the action of complex factors, like severe water waves. If the maximum storm surge height combines with high tide, severe water waves will overflow coastal structures. Consequently, it can be the cause of lost lives and severe property damage. In this study, using the numerical model, the storm surge was simulated to examine its fluctuation characteristics at the coast in front of Noksan industrial complex, Korea. Moreover, the shallow water wave is estimated by applying wind field, design water level considering storm surge height for typhoon Maemi to SWAN model. Under the condition of shallow water wave, obtained by the SWAN model, the wave overtopping rate for the dike in front of Noksan industrial complex is calculated a hydraulic model test. Finally, based on the calculated wave-overtopping rate, the inundation regime for Noksan industrial complex was predicted. And, numerically predicted inundation regimes and depths are compared with results in a field survey, and the results agree fairly well. Therefore, the inundation modelthis study is a useful tool for predicting inundation regime, due to the coastal flood of severe water wave.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.471-494
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• 2013

In this paper, identification of isotropic and orthotropic linear elastic material constitutive parameters has been demonstrated by a FEA-free energy-based inverse analysis method. An important feature of the proposed method is that it requires no finite element (FE) simulation of the tested material. Full-field displacements calculated using digital image correlation (DIC) are used to compute DIC stress fields enforcing the equilibrium condition and DIC strain fields using interpolation functions. Boundary tractions and displacements are implicitly recast into an objective function that measures the energy residual of external work and internal elastic strain energy. The energy conservation principle states that the residual should be zero, and so minimizing this objective function inversely identifies the constitutive parameters. Synthetic data from simulated testing of isotropic materials and orthotropic composite materials under 2D plane stress conditions are used for verification of the proposed method. When identifying the constitutive parameters, it is beneficial to apply loadings in multiple directions, and in ways that create non-uniform stress distributions. The sensitivity of the parameter identification method to noise in both the measured full-field DIC displacements and loadings has been investigated.

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.201-213
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• 2012

A gear type lubrication pump is an essential component of the powertrain and has a major role for supplying oil to the gears and bearings in automatic transmission with a hydraulic clutch. Therefore, the durability test code design of lubrication pump is very important to ensure the reliability of the entire transmission and the vehicle. In this study, the design process for the life testing of lubrication pump has been generalized by four steps. The four design steps of the life testing of lubrication pump consist of the configuration of load spectrum, rain flow counting and analysis of load level, the equivalent damage assessment and test code generation. In fact, the load spectrum should be obtained from the field operating condition but that kind of data is the top secret of manufacturers. This is not open to the public in general. So we could use the artificially simulated load spectrum instead of field obtained one and focused on the development of the general process for designing the life test of a gear type lubrication pump. Reliability goals for lubrication pump, pressure, torque, temperature and load spectrum, if present, as appropriate for the given test conditions, accelerated life testing for the lubrication pump can be designed by the developed design steps.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.375-388
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• 2009

Numerical simulation is essential to indicate the flow of the atmosphere in the region with a complicated topography which consists of many mountains in the inland while it is neighboring the seashore. Such complicated topography produces land and sea breeze as the mesoscale phenomenon of meteorology which results from the effect of the sea and inland. In the mesoscale simulation examines, the change of the temperature in relation to the one of the sea surface for the boundary condition and, in the inland, the interaction between the atmosphere and land surface reflecting the characteristic of the land surface. This research developed and simulated PNULSM to reflect both the SST and vegetation effect as a bottom boundary for detailed meteorological numerical simulation in coastal urban area. The result from four experiments performed according to this protocol revealed the change of temperature field and wind field depending on each effect. Therefore, the lower level of establishment of bottom boundary suitable for the characteristic of the region is necessary to figure out the atmospheric flow more precisely, and if the characteristic of the surface is improved to more realistic conditions, it will facilitate the simulation of regional environment.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.248-251
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• 2009

We have investigated the effect of the quality of 1.3 um distributed feed back laser diode (DFB-LD) on the design of anti-reflection (AR) coatings. Optimal condition of AR coating to prevent internal feedback from both facets and reduce the reflection-induced intensity noise of laser diode was simulated with Macleod Simulator. Coating materials used in this work were ${Ti_3}{O_5}$ and $SiO_2$, of which design thickness were 105 nm and 165 nm, respectively. AR coating films were deposited by Ion-Assisted Deposition system. The electrical and optical properties of 1.3 um laser diode were characterized by Bar tester and Chip tester. Threshold current and slop-efficiency of DFB-LD were 27.56 mA 0.302 W/A. Far field pattern and wavelength of DFB-LD were $22.3^{\circ}(Horizontal){\times}24.4^{\circ}$ (Vertical), 1313.8 nm, respectively.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.2568-2580
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• 2000

This paper presents a quasi-static optimization technique for elastic structures under dynamic loads. An equivalent static load (ESL) set is defined as a static load set which generates the same displacement field as that from a dynamic load at a certain time. Multiple ESL sets calculated at every time step are employed to represent the various states of the structure under the dynamic load. They can cover every critical state that might happen at an arbitrary time. Continuous characteristics of dynamic load are simulated by multiple discontinuous ones of static loads. The calculated sets of ESLs are applied as a multiple loading condition in the optimization process. A design cycle is defined as a circulated process between an analysis domain and a design domain. Design cycles are repeated until a design converges. The analysis domain gives a loading condition necessary for the design domain. The design domain gives a new updated design to be verified by the analysis domain in the next design cycle. This iterative process is quite similar to that of the multidisciplinary optimization technique. Even though the global convergence cannot be guaranteed, the proposed technique makes it possible to optimize the structures under dynamic loads. It has also applicability, flexibility, and reliability.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2018

회전익기가 하강 비행 시 발생하는 와류 고리 상태는 회전면 근처에 도넛 모양의 순환유동을 발생시키며, 추력 상실로 인한 기체의 추락을 유발한다. 본 논문에서는 무인 비행체의 종류 중 하나인 쿼드콥터의 와류 고리 상태에서의 유동장을 물리적으로 규명하였다. 한국항공우주연구원 1m 아음속 풍동에서 쿼드콥터의 하강 비행을 모사했으며, 유동장 계측을 위해 입자 영상 유속계(PIV)를 이용했다. 정지 비행 상태의 유도 속도를 운동량이론을 이용하여 추정하고, 이를 통해 와류 고리 상태를 유발할 수 있는 하강 속도의 범위에서 시험을 수행하였다. 또한 하강률에 따른 유동장 계측뿐만 아니라 프로펠러 간의 간격을 달리 주어서도 와류 고리의 발달 및 진행방향을 확인하였다. 더불어 본 연구 결과는 쿼드콥터 주변의 유속 측정을 통해서도 와류 고리 상태를 예측할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2010

A system coupled the prognostic WRF mesoscale model and CALMET diagnostic model has been employed for predicting high-resolution wind field over complex coastal area. WRF has three nested grids down to from during two days from 24 August 2007 to 26 August 2007. CALMET simulation is performed using both initial meteorological field from WRF coarsest results and surface boundary condition that is Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 90m topography and Environmental Geographic Information System (EGIS) 30m landuse during same periods above. Four Automatic Weather System (AWS) and a Sonic Detection And Ranging (SODAR) are used to verify modeled wind fields. Horizontal wind fields in CM_100m is not only more complex but better simulated than WRF_1km results at Backwoon and Geumho in which there are shown stagnation, blocking effects and orographically driven winds. Being increased in horizontal grid spacing, CM_100m is well matched with vertically wind profile compared SODAR. This also mentions the importance of high-resolution surface boundary conditions when horizontal grid spacing is increased to produce detailed wind fields over complex terrain features.

• 지질공학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.245-255
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• 2005

균일한 지하수 유속을 가진 불균질한 등방성 대수층 내에서 정류상태로 흐르는 지하수의 흐름과 함께 이동해가는 비반응성 오염물질에 대한 삼차원 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션이 시행되었다. 로그-정규적으로 분포되어 있는 수리 전도도 K(x)가 임의 장으로 설정되었으며 시뮬레이션 동안에 발생 할 수 있는 불확실성을 감소하기 위해 여러 가지 방법들이 시도되었다. 3,200개 오염 운들에 대한 이차공간적률의 집합적평균 $$lt;S_{ij}'(t',l')$gt;$, 그리고 오염 운중심분산 $$lt;R_{ij}'(t',l')$gt;$이 각기 다른세가지 불균질도 $\omega^2_y1.0,$ 2.5 및 5.0에 대해서 시뮬레이션 되었으며 또한 각기 다른 크기의 평균속도에 수직방향인 선형초기오염원( l=1.5 및 10)에 대해서 입자추적이 행하여 졌다 시뮬레이션된 무차원 종적률들은 일차 근사법에 의한 비에르고딕 이론적 결과와 비교적 잘 일치 하나 시뮬레이션된 무차원 횡적률들은 일차근사법에 의한 이론적 결과들과 잘 일치하지 않으며 특히 불균질도가 큰 대수층에 대해서 그리고 초기 선형오염운의 크기가 작은 무차원 횡이차공간적률에 대해서 뚜렷하게 저평가 했다. 시뮬레이션된 집합적 평균이차적률은 에르고딕 상태에 도달하지 못했으며 일차근사법에 의한 에르고딕 용질 이동에 관한 횡이차공간적률은 시뮬레이션 결과를 저평가 했음을 보인다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2018

Purpose: This study has been conducted to develop a potato yield monitoring system, consisting of a segmentation algorithm to detect potatoes scattered on a soil surface and a counting system to count the number of potatoes and convert the data from two-dimensional images to masses. Methods: First, a segmentation algorithm was developed using top-hat filtering and processing a series of images, and its performance was evaluated in a stationary condition. Second, a counting system was developed to count the number of potatoes in a moving condition and calculate the mass of each using a mass estimation equation, where the volume of a potato was obtained from its two-dimensional image, and the potato density and a correction factor were obtained experimentally. Experiments were conducted to segment potatoes on a soil surface for different potato sizes. The counting system was tested 10 times for 20 randomly selected potatoes in a simulated field condition. Furthermore, the estimated total mass of the potatoes was compared with their actual mass. Results: For a $640{\times}480$ image size, it took 0.04 s for the segmentation algorithm to process one frame. The root mean squared deviation (RMSD) and average percentage error for the measured mass of potatoes using this counting system were 12.65 g and 7.13%, respectively, when the camera was stationary. The system performance while moving was the best in L1 (0.313 m/s), where the RMSD and percentage error were 6.92 g and 7.79%, respectively. For 20 newly prepared potatoes and 10 replication measurements, the counting system exhibited a percentage error in the mass estimation ranging from 10.17-13.24%. Conclusions: At a travel speed of 0.313 m/s, the average percentage error and standard deviation of the mass measurement using the counting system were 12.03% and 1.04%, respectively.