• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.628-643
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare marginal bone loss and survival rates of double short implants(multiple implant) which had been installed and restored in severely atrophic maxillary molar site without a grafting procedure. Material and Method: The subjects were patients (90 patients, 180 implants) who had been installed double short implants in severely atrophic maxillary single molar site without bone augmentation procedure from 2006 to 2014 in dental clinic in Chuncheon city. Following data were collected from dental records and radiographic panoramic views: patient's age, gender, smoking status, implant site, timing of implant installation, residual ridge height. The correlation between those factors and survival rate and marginal bone loss were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test, Student's t- test and ANOVA. Result: Eleven implants in 6 patients failed and the cumulative survival rate was 93.9%. No significant differences were found in relation to the following factors: patient's age, gender, implant site, timing of implant installation (P> .05). There were significant differences in smoking status and residual ridge height(P< .05). The average follow-up time was $45{\pm}14.7months$. The mean marginal bone loss of survived 169 implants was $0.08{\pm}0.59mm$. Conclusion: Despite the short term outcomes, the survival rate of double short implants was comparable to normal length implants. This study demonstrated that placement of double short implants without the use of bone grafting procedure for severely atrophic posterior maxilla is a simple and predictable treatment procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 1987

The effects of procedures for preparation of fatty acid methyl esters for gas chromatography were investigated. A quantitative comparison of four procedures for the preparation of the fatty acid methyl esters from Korean sesame seed lipids which can be representative of fatty acid ranges of Korean vegetable oils has been made. The procedures employed were $BF_3$-methanol, HCI-methanol, sodium methoxide-methanol, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide-methanol. Twelve fatty acids ranged from 14:0 to 24:0 were identified in the lipids from Korean white and black sesame seeds. All four procedures gave similar results for the fatty acids, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3 present in the range of $1{\sim}44%$ but only in the HCI-methanol procedure, the fatty acids, 16:1, 20:0, 22:0, 24:0 present in the range of $0.02{\sim}1%$ showed the lowest values. When using tetramethylammonium hydroxide-methanol procedure for determination of total fatty acid composition from white and black sesame seed lipids, unsaponifiable matters including sesamol, sesamolin and sesamin present in the seed lipids are not removed from the resulting reaction mixture. Thus the transesterification mixture is used without further treatment for injection into the gas chromatography. However, the gas chromatographic analysis of the transesterification mixture showed that the unsaponifiable matters had no effect on the fatty acid composition of the seed lipids. From the results, it appears that the $BF_3$-methanol, sodium methoxide-methanol and tetramethylammonium hydroxide-methanol procedures can be used to prepare fatty acid methyl esters from Korean vegetable oils. Among the methods, the tetramethylammonium hydroxide-methanol procedure, which give total fatty acid composition, glyceride fatty acid composition and composition of free fatty acids present, appears to be a simple, convenient and quantitative procedure and applicable to samples containing broad ranges of fatty acids.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1017-1027
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• 2018

Study Design: This retrospective study was conducted including 18 patients who underwent posterior-only stabilization and fusion procedure for pseudoarthrosis in the ankylosed spine from October 2007 to May 2015. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the treatment outcomes in 18 patients with Andersson lesion (AL) who were managed using the posterior-only approach. Literature Review: AL is an unstable, localized, vertebral, or discovertebral lesion of the spine. It is observed in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The exact etiology of this disorder remains unclear, and the treatment guidelines are not clearly described. Methods: We analyzed 18 patients with AL who were treated with posterior long segment spinal fusion without any anterior interbody grafting or posterior osteotomy. Pre- and postoperative radiography, computed tomography, and recent follow-up images were examined. The pre- and postoperative Visual Analog Scale score and the Oswestry Disability Index score were evaluated for all patients. Whiteclouds' outcome analysis criteria were applied at the follow-up. Moreover, at study completion, patient feedback was collected; all the patients were asked to provide their opinion regarding the surgery and were asked whether they would recommend this procedure to other patients and them self undergo the same procedure again if required. Results: The most common site was the thoracolumbar junction. The symptom duration ranged from 1 month to 10 years preoperatively. Most patients experienced fusion by the end of 1 year, and the fusion mass could be observed as early as 4 months. Pseudoarthrosis void of up to 2.5 cm was noted to be healed in subsequent imaging. In addition, clinically, the patients reported good symptomatic relief. No patient required revision surgery. Whiteclouds' outcome analysis score at the latest follow-up revealed goodto-excellent outcomes in all patients. Conclusions: ALs can be treated using the posterior-only approach with long segment fixation and posterior spinal fusion. This is a safe, simple, and quick procedure that prevents the morbidity of anterior surgery.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.171-176
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• 2022

Purpose: This study reports on a series of patients with chronic lateral ankle instability that underwent the Brostrom procedure with suture tape augmentation and allowed early unrestricted weight-bearing in a simple stirrup brace. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 36 patients (22 males and 14 females of mean age 34 years [range 23~48 years]) with chronic lateral ankle instability treated using the Brostrom procedure using suture tape augmentation and inferior extensor retinaculum reinforcement with a fiber-wire connected to a SwiveLock screw inserted into the talus. When possible, patients started unrestricted weight-bearing in a stirrup brace from the third postoperative day. Demographics and functional outcomes, including American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot, visual analogue scale (VAS), and satisfaction scores, were recorded. In addition, varus stress radiographs obtained before and 24 months after surgery were compared. Patients were followed for a mean 29 months (range 25~40 months). Results: Mean AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores increased from 51 points preoperatively to 92 points at final follow-up, and mean VAS decreased from 6.8 to 1.2 points. Mean patient satisfaction scores were 8.7 at 12 months and 9.6 at 24 months. Stress radiographs demonstrated that talar tilt decreased from a mean 18 degrees preoperatively to 7 degrees at 24 months. Conclusion: Early unrestricted weight-bearing in a stirrup brace following the Brostrom procedure with suture tape augmentation is a successful protocol for treating chronic lateral ankle instability.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.245-255
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• 2020

Purpose: Recently, non-exposure simple suturing endoscopic full-thickness resection (NESS-EFTR) was developed to prevent tumor exposure to the peritoneal cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of NESS-EFTR with sentinel basin dissection for early gastric cancer (EGC). Materials and Methods: This was the prospective SENORITA 3 pilot. From July 2017 to January 2018, 20 patients with EGC smaller than 3 cm without an absolute indication for endoscopic submucosal dissection were enrolled. The sentinel basin was detected using Tc^99m-phytate and indocyanine green, and the NESS-EFTR procedure was performed when all sentinel basin nodes were tumor-free on frozen pathologic examination. We evaluated the complete resection and intraoperative perforation rates as well as the incidence of postoperative complications. Results: Among the 20 enrolled patients, one dropped out due to large tumor size, while another underwent conventional laparoscopic gastrectomy due to metastatic sentinel lymph nodes. All NESS-EFTR procedures were performed in 17 of the 18 other patients (94.4%) without conversion, and the complete resection rate was 83.3% (15/18). The intraoperative perforation rate was 27.8% (5/18), and endoscopic clipping or laparoscopic suturing or stapling was performed at the perforation site. There was one case of postoperative complications treated with endoscopic clipping; the others were discharged without any event. Conclusions: NESS-EFTR with sentinel basin dissection is a technically challenging procedure that obtains safe margins, prevents intraoperative perforation, and may be a treatment option for EGC after additional experience.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.431-437
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• 2015

Background Repair of facial laceration in the emergency department can pose a number of difficulties. Children can be uncooperative, but adults can also be if they have sustained head trauma or are intoxicated. Leukosan SkinLink consists of topical adhesive and adhesive tape that can be applied easily to long or tense wounds. In this study, the authors compared conventional suturing with Leukosan SkinLink for facial laceration patients in the emergency department. Methods The prospective study was carried out from March 2013 to September 2013 with linear facial laceration patients visiting the emergency department. Exclusion criteria were open fractures, joint injuries, skin defects, hairy skin, and mucosa. The author used Leukosan SkinLink for skin closure in the experimental group and used conventional suturing in the control group. The scar evaluation using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) along with satisfaction scores, procedure times, and complications were compared. Results A total of 77 patients (30 in the control group and 47 in the experimental group) participated and underwent follow-up for 6 months postoperatively. The scar assessment using the POSAS and the satisfaction score in both groups were similar. The average procedure time in the experimental group was shorter. In the control group, there were four cases of wound dehiscence, two of infection, and one of skin necrosis, whereas four cases of wound dehiscence and one allergic reaction occurred in the experimental group. Conclusions With a simple application technique, Leukosan SkinLink is a new effective method for facial laceration repair especially useful for children and uncooperative adults.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1998

In this paper, we have represented the efficient way how to enumerate the optimal number-right scores to adjust the item difficulty and to improve item discrimination. To estimate the optimal number-right scores in two equivalent math-tests by linear score equating a measurement error model was applied to the true scores observed from a pair of equivalent math-tests assumed to measure same trait. The model specification for true scores which is represented by the bivariate model is a simple regression model to inference the optimal number-right scores and we assume again that the two simple regression lines of raw scores and true scores are independent each other in their error models. We enumerated the difference between mean value of $\chi$＊ and ${\mu}$$\_$$\chi$/ and the difference between the mean value of y＊and a＋b${\mu}$$\_$$\chi$/ by making an inference the estimates from 2 error variable regression model. Furthermore, so as to distinguish from the original score points, the estimated number-right scores y’$\^$*/ as the estimated regression values of true scores with the same coordinate were moved to center points that were composed of such difference values with result of such parallel score moving procedure as above mentioned. We got the asymptotically normal distribution in Figure 5 that was represented as the optimal distribution of the optimal number-right scores so that we could decide the optimal proportion of number-right score in each item. Also by assumption that equivalence of two tests is closely connected to unidimensionality of a student’s ability. we introduce new definition of trait score to evaluate such ability in each item. In this study there are much limitations in getting the real true scores and in analyzing data of the bivariate error model. However, even with these limitations we believe that this study indicates that the estimation of optimal number right scores by using this enumeration procedure could be easily achieved.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.485-490
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• 2005

Fingertip is the end of tactile organ and the part of hand most frequently injured. Fingertip injuries should be evaluated on an individual basis considering patient's overall physical condition, medical history, etiology, time of injury, and anticipated future hand use, and accordingly one of various methods of reconstruction should be selected. Complications after the reconstruction of fingertip injuries have been reported as pain, hypersensitivity, numbness, distal paresthesia, cold intolerance, and atrophy. From January to December 2002, dermofat grafts were performed on 15 patients to correct painful fingertips after injury. The thickness of the soft tissue of fingertip was measured both preoperatively and postoperatively with simple X-ray. To evaluate the improvement of pain, visual analogue scale(VAS) was used through the direct interview with patients. The average of postoperative follow-up period was 10.9 months. The average of increased soft tissue thickness ratio was 88.4%(2.3mm to 3.8mm). The average of preoperative VAS was 7.6, and postoperative VAS was 3. Dermofat graft on fingertip needs a further long-term follow-up study for the absorption ratio of dermofat, however, this procedure is simple and could be done under local anesthesia, and would be a useful alternative procedure to correct painful fingertips with the soft tissue atrophy after injury.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.325-354
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• 2004

Slabs in buildings and bridge decks, which are restrained against lateral displacements at the edges, have ultimate strengths far in excess of those predicted by analytical methods based on yield line theory. The increase in strength has been attributed to membrane action, which is due to the in-plane forces developed at the supports. The benefits of compressive membrane action are usually not taken into account in currently available design methods developed based on plastic flow theories assuming concrete to be a rigid-plastic material. By extending the existing knowledge of compressive membrane action, it is possible to design slabs in building and bridge structures economically with less than normal reinforcement. Recent research on building and bridge structures reflects the importance of membrane action in design. This paper describes the finite element modelling of membrane action in reinforced concrete slabs through optimisation of a simple concrete model. Through a series of parametric studies using the simple concrete model in the finite element simulation of eight fully clamped concrete slabs with significant membrane action, a set of fixed numerical model parameter values is identified and computational conditions established, which would guarantee reliable strength prediction of arbitrary slabs. The reliability of the identified values to simulate membrane action (for prediction purposes) is further verified by the direct simulation of 42 other slabs, which gave an average value of 0.9698 for the ratio of experimental to predicted strengths and a standard deviation of 0.117. A 'deflection factor' is also established for the slabs, relating the predicted peak deflection to experimental values, which, (for the same level of fixity at the supports), can be used for accurate displacement determination. The proposed optimised concrete model and finite element procedure can be used as a tool to simulate membrane action in slabs in building and bridge structures having variable support and loading conditions including fire. Other practical applications of the developed finite element procedure and design process are also discussed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.285-298
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• 1991

An example application of the fuzzy set theory is first made to a simple portion of a given accident progression event tree with typical qualitative fuzzy input data, and thereby computational algorithms suitable for application of the fuzzy set theory to the accident progression event tree analysis are identified and illustrated with example applications. Then the procedure used in the simple example is extended to extremely complex accident progression event trees with a number of phenomenological uncertainty issues, i.e., a typical plant damage state‘SEC’of the Zion Nuclear Power Plant risk assessment. The results show that the fuzzy averages of the fuzzy outcomes are very close to the mean values obtained by current methods. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a formal procedure for application of the fuzzy set theory to accident progression event trees with imprecise and qualitative branch probabilities and/or with a number of phenomenological uncertainty issues.